Фонд оценочных средств текущего контроля/ промежуточной аттестации студентов

Негосударственное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

«Камский институт гуманитарных и инженерных технологий»

Факультет «Экономики и коммуникаций»

Кафедра «Гуманитарных дисциплин, социальных технологий и коммуникаций»

Утверждаю:

Первый проректор НОУ ВПО «КИГИТ»

______________ О.А.Дегтева

____________________ 2015 г.

Согласовано на заседании УМС

Протокол №___ от «___»____2015г.

ФОНД ОЦЕНОЧНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

ТЕКУЩЕГО КОНТРОЛЯ/ ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНОЙ

АТТЕСТАЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ

при освоении ОПОП ВО, реализующей ФГОС ВО

Направлений подготовки

дисциплины «Английский язык»

(Коммуникационный модуль)

для направления подготовки бакалавра по

профессионально-образовательной программе направлений

08.03.03 «Строительство»

09.03.04 «Программная инженерия»

21.03.01 «Нефтегазовое дело»

18.03.2 «Энерго- и ресурсосберегающие технологии,

нефтехимии и биотехнологии»

Степень выпускника: БАКАЛАВР

Ижевск 2015

Рассмотрен и утвержден на заседании кафедры «Гуманитарных дисциплин, социальных технологий и коммуникаций»

Протокол № __от « » 2015г.

Зав. кафедрой__________________ А.В. Емельянов

Рецензент (внешний): Параховская Светлана Владимировна _______, зам.директора по международной деятельности, к. филол.н.

Составитель: Каткова Светлана Витальевна ______, старший преподаватель кафедры ГДСТК

ФОС зарегистрирован № _______ Дата___________:

Начальник ОМО ________________Н.Г. Русинова

Фонд оценочных средств по дисциплине коммуникационного модуля «Английский язык» разработан в соответствии с требованиями федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования по направлению подготовки 08.03.01 «Строительство», 09.03.04 «Прграммная инженерия», 21.03.01 «Нефтегазовое дело», 18.03.2 «Энерго- и ресурсосберегающие технологии, нефтехимии и биотехнологии» утверждённого приказом Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации, составлен на основании учебных планов, утвержденных Учёным советом КИГИТ.

Фонд оценочных средств предназначен для преподавателей и студентов.

© Каткова С.В., 2015

© НОУ ВПО «Камский институт гуманитарных и инженерных технологий», 2015

ПАСПОРТ

оценочных средств текущего контроля и промежуточной аттестации

учебной дисциплины «Английский язык»

1. Компетенции обучающегося, формируемые в процессе освоения дисциплины «Английский язык»

Код компетенций	Название компетенции	Краткое содержание/определение и структура компетенции
1	2	3
ОК-5	ОБЩЕКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ
	Способность к коммуникации в устной и письменной формах на русском и иностранном языках для решения задач межличностного и межкультурного взаимодействия.	Знает: -  базовые правила грамматики; -  базовые нормы употребления лексики и фонетики; - требования к речевому и языковому оформлению устных и письменных высказываний с учетом специфики иноязычной культуры; -  основные способы работы над языковым и речевым материалом; - основные ресурсы, с помощью которых можно эффективно восполнить имеющиеся пробелы в языковом образовании (типы словарей, справочников, компьютерных программ, информационных сайтов сети Интернет, текстовых редакторов и т.д.). - особенности режимов работы различных систем кондиционирования воздуха и пути повышения их надёжности и эффективности работы.
		уметь: -  в области аудирования: воспринимать на слух и понимать основное содержание несложных аутентичных общественно-политических, публицистических и прагматических текстов, относящихся к различным типам речи, а также выделять в них значимую /запрашиваемую информацию; -  в области чтения: понимать основное содержание несложных аутентичных общественно-политических, публицистических и прагматических текстов, научно-популярных и научных текстов, блогов/ веб-сайтов; детально понимать общественно-политические, публицистические тексты, а также письма личного характера; выделять значимую/запрашиваемую информацию из прагматических текстов справочно-информационного и рекламного характера; -  в области говорения: начинать, вести/поддерживать и заканчивать диалог-расспрос об увиденном, прочитанном, диалог-обмен мнениями и диалог-интервью/собеседование при приеме на работу, соблюдая нормы речевого этикета; расспрашивать собеседника, задавать вопросы и отвечать на них, высказывать свое мнение, просьбу, отвечать на предложение собеседника (принятие предложения или отказ); делать сообщения и выстраивать монолог-описание, монолог-повествование и монолог-рассуждение; -  в области письма: заполнять формуляры и бланки прагматического характера; вести запись основных мыслей и фактов (из аудиотекстов и текстов для чтения), а также запись тезисов устного выступления/письменного доклада по изучаемой проблематике; поддерживать контакты при помощи электронной почты (писать электронные письма личного характера); оформлять резюме и сопроводительное письмо, необходимые при приеме на работу,  выполнять письменные проектные задания (письменное оформление презентаций, информационных буклетов, рекламных листовок, коллажей, постеров, стенных газет и т.д.).
		владеть: - стратегиями восприятия, анализа, создания устных и письменных текстов разных типов и жанров; - компенсаторными умениями, помогающими преодолеть «сбои» в коммуникации, вызванные объективными и субъективными, социокультурными причинами. - стратегиями проведения сопоставительного анализа культуры различных стран; - приемами самостоятельной работы с языковым материалом (лексикой, грамматикой, фонетикой) с использованием справочной и учебной литературы.

Для определения уровня сформированности компетенции предлагаются следующие критерии оценки (экзаменационного ответа, творческой работы, контрольной работы и др.):

Рубежн. баллы Оцен ка	чтение	перевод	Ответы на вопросы и развитие темы	Беседа	Пересказ
86-100 Отл. А	Беглое чтение с соблюдением произносительных норм и характерной интонации	Содержание передано полностью, стиль соблюден, ошибки отсутствуют	Полные и правильные ответы на вопросы, свободное развитие темы	Свободная беседа на предложенную тему с использованием активной лексики без коммуникативных ошибок	Полностью передано основное содержание с использованием активной лексики, терминологии, спец.лексики и правильных грамматических конструкций
Хор. 71-85 C,B	Средний темп чтения (с неправильной расстановкой пауз) с незначительным нарушением произносительных норм и интонации	Содержание передано полностью, стиль соблюден, но допущена одна полная ошибка и одна смысловая неточность	Полные ответы с незначительными ошибками, небольшие затруднения при развитии темы	Свободная беседа на предложенную тему с незначительными лексическими и грамматическими ошибками, не мешающими коммуникации	Содержание передано полностью, но допущены незначительные смысловые или грамматические ошибки
Уд. 60-70 E,D	Медленный темп чтения с нарушением произносительных норм и интонации	Содержание передано неполностью с искажением смысла и не соблюдением стилевых норм	Значительные затруднения с ответами на вопросы и развитием темы	Значительные затруднения во время беседы, связанные с недостаточным усвоением грамматического и лексического материала	Содержание передано не полностью, допущены значительные смысловые и грамматические ошибки (не больше четырех) при недостаточном владении лексическим материалом)
Неуд. менее 60 F	Медленный темп с грубыми нарушениями произносительных норм и интонации	Содержание искажено	Непонимание вопросов и неумение развить тему	Большое количество коммуникативных ошибок, бедный словарный запас	Содержание искажено, большое количество грубых лексических и грамматических ошибок

Методические рекомендации по проведению процедур оценивания

Текущая аттестация студентов по дисциплине «Английский язык» проводиться в форме контрольных мероприятий по оцениванию фактических результатов обучения студентов и осуществляется преподавателем тестирование, рубежный контроль, экзамен.

Объектами оценивания выступают:

• учебная дисциплина (активность на занятиях, своевременность выполнения различных видов заданий, посещаемость всех видов занятий по аттестуемой дисциплине);

• степень усвоения теоретических знаний;

• уровень овладения практическими умениями и навыками по всем видам учебной работы;

• результаты самостоятельной работы.

Активность студента на занятиях оценивается на основе выполненных студентом работ и заданий, предусмотренных рабочей программой дисциплины.

Фонд текущего контроля и промежуточного контроля включает в себя:*

№	Вид контроля	Оценочные средства	Кол-во баллов
			min	max
1	Входной контроль	Устный опрос Тестирование	5	10
2	Текущий контроль	Практическая работа Лабораторная работа Контрольная работа	35	50
3	Промежуточный контроль (экзамен)	Лексико-грамматические тесты Устный опрос	20	40
Итого			60	100

*- пакет оценочных средств прилагается

3. Оценочные средства текущего и промежуточного контроля,

критерии и показатели их оценивания

3.1 Практическая работа

Практическая работа оценивается преподавателем исходя из установленных кафедрой показателей и критериев оценки практической работы

Критерии	Показатели
Входной контроль 0,5 балла	- студент отвечает на вопросы по актуализации знаний по данной теме;
Степень раскрытия сущности проблемы 2 балла	- соответствие плана выполнения практической работы методическим указаниям; - умение работать со специализированной литературой справочной литературой, систематизировать и структурировать материал.
Защита отчета по практической работе 1 балл	- грамотно, четко излагает суть проблем; - отвечает на поставленные вопросы; - умение аргументировать основные положения и выводы.
Соблюдение требований к оформлению 0,5 балла	- соблюдение требований к оформлению и объему практической работы.

Критерии и показатели, используемые при оценивании практической работы

Максимальный балл за данную контрольную точку составляет 4 балла

3.2 Лабораторная работа не предусмотрена

3.3 Контрольные работы

Виды контрольных работ: аудиторные, домашние, текущие, экзаменационные, письменные, практические, фронтальные, индивидуальные.

Система заданий письменных контрольных работ должна:

– выявлять знания студентов по определенной теме (разделу);

– выявлять понимание сущности изучаемых предметов и явлений, их закономерностей;

– выявлять умение самостоятельно делать выводы и обобщения;

– творчески использовать знания и навыки.

Примечание: требования к контрольной работе по тематическому содержанию соответствуют устному ответу.

Критерии	Показатели
Усвоение программного теоретического материала 1 балл	- ответ по вопросу или заданию аргументированный, логически выстроенный, полный, демонстрирующий знание основного содержания дисциплины и его элементов в соответствии с прослушанным лекционным курсом и с учебной литературой; - демонстрирует полное понимание материала, выводы доказательны, приводит примеры; - свободное владение основными понятиями, законами и теорией, необходимыми для объяснения явлений, закономерностей  и т.д.; - владеет умением устанавливать межпредметные и внутрипредметные связи между событиями, объектами и явлениями; - демонстрирует способность к анализу и сопоставлению различных подходов к решению заявленной в вопросе или задании проблематики
Умение применять теоретические знания на практике 1 балл	- демонстрирует при решении учебной задачи владение сформированными навыками работы с приборами, пособиями, справочным  материалом и пр.; - показывает владение методологией дисциплины, умение выполнять типовые задания и задачи предусмотренные программой; - демонстрирует способность творчески применять знание теории к решению профессиональных практических задач
Полнота и качество выполнения операций (действий) 1 балл	- выполняет все необходимые операции (действия); - последовательность операций (действий) хорошо продумана; - действия при решении задачи, задания осознанные; - выполняет операции (действия), требующие сложные умственные вычисления и преобразования; - выполняет правильно все задания; - работа оформлена в соответствии  с требованиями
Умение излагать программный материал доступным научным языком 1 балл	- обоснованно и безошибочно излагает тематический материал, соблюдая последовательность его изложения, используя четкие и однозначные формулировки; - строит логически связанный ответ, используя принятую научную терминологию; - делает обоснованные выводы; - излагает тематический материал литературным языком; - применяет в ответе для демонстрации состояния объектов, протекания явлений общепринятую в науке знаково-символьную систему условных обозначений

Максимальное количество баллов - 4

Максимальное количество баллов - 10

3.5 Экзамен

К экзамену по английскому языку допускаются студенты, выполнившие весь объем работ за четыре семестра, включая четыре письменные контрольные работы и другие задания в соответствии с учебным планом кафедры ГДСТК.

При определении уровня достижений студентов на экзамене необходимо обращать особое внимание на следующее:

При выполнении устной части

– дан полный, развернутый ответ на поставленный вопрос;

– показана совокупность осознанных знаний об объекте, проявляющаяся в свободном оперировании понятиями, умении выделить существенные и несущественные его признаки, причинно-следственные связи;

– знание об объекте беседы демонстрируется на фоне понимания его в системе данной науки и междисциплинарных связей;

Критерии	Показатели
Усвоение программного теоретического материала 10 баллов	- Дает аргументированный, логически выстроенный, полный ответ по вопросу, демонстрирующий знание основного содержания дисциплины и его элементов в соответствии с прослушанным лекционным курсом и с учебной литературой; - Демонстрирует полное понимание материала, выводы доказательны, приводит примеры, дополнительные вопросы не требуются; - демонстрирует знание с основной и дополнительной литературой и источниками по вопросу; - Корректно использует профессиональную терминологию; - Владеет умением устанавливать межпредметные и внутрипредметные связи между событиями, объектами и явлениями; - Демонстрирует способность к анализу и сопоставлению различных подходов к решению заявленной в билете проблематики
Умение применять теоретические знания на практике 20 баллов	- В ответе опирается на результаты наблюдений и опытов при необходимости, в зависимости от условия учебной задачи; - Демонстрирует при ответе владение сформированными навыками работы с приборами, пособиями и другими средствами; - Показывает владение методологией дисциплины, умение выполнять типовые задания и задачи предусмотренные программой; - Демонстрирует способность творчески применять знание теории к решению профессиональных практических задач
Умение излагать программный материал доступным научным языком 10 баллов	- Обоснованно и безошибочно излагает тематический материал, соблюдая последовательность его изложения, используя четкие и однозначные формулировки; - Строит логически связанный ответ, используя принятую научную терминологию; - Делает обоснованные выводы; - Излагает тематический материал литературным языком; - Отвечает на дополнительные вопросы преподавателя; - Применяет в процессе ответа для демонстрации состояния объектов, протекания явлений общепринятую в науке знаково-символьную систему условных обозначений.

Максимальное количество баллов – 40

4. Примеры типовых контрольных заданий по каждому оценочному средству

4.1 Входной контроль

I. Вставьте правильную форму глагола "to be":

1. She ... a student. 2. They ... French. 3. It... a car. 4. Arm... from the USA. 5. They ... from Canada.

II. Вставьте нужное местоимение:

1. ... is a teacher. 2. ... are good friends. 3. .... is a table. 4. ... am a student. 5. ... is a young man.

III. Составьте вопросы.

1. Mark is my neighbor . 2. Arm is from Russia. 3. They are good students. 4. We are happy.5. Tom is French.

IV. Вставьте притяжательные местоимения.

1. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two children. Both ... children are boys. 2. Miss Smith is a teacher. ... students are German. 3. We are French. ... friends are English. 4. You are in Bristol but... family is in New York. 5. My daughter has a dog. ... nose is long.

V. Вставьте правильную форму глагола "to be".

1. My daughter ... a secretary. 2. I ... a doctor. 3. His niece ... a little girl. 4. He ... fine now. 5. What... you? - I... a sociologist.

VI. Вставьте правильную форму глагола "to have".

1. He ... a large family. 2. They .... a very nice flat in London. 3. You ... many English books at home. 4. My mother ... three children. 5. I... two cousins.

VII. Дайте короткие ответы.

1. Do you speak English? - Yes, ... 2. Do you often go to the theatre? - No,.... 3. Do you like dogs? - Yes, ... 4. Does he like to cook? - No,... 5. Is your wife pretty? - Yes,...

VIП.Составьте вопросы к выделенным словам.

1. My sister likes music. (What?) 2. He studies at the Institute. (Where?) 3. Her mother is a school teacher. (What?) 4. Our granny is 65. (How old?) 5. Her eyes are brown. (What colour?)

IX. Поставьте глагол в нужную форму.

1. We (to learn) English at the University. 2. I (to like) music and pictures. 3. She (to play) tennis very well. 4. My friend (to work) at an office. 5. Ann (to know) many songs.

X. Вставьте слова "much", "many", "little", "few" вместо пропусков.

1. I am busy now. I have ... time. 2. We know ... English and American songs. 3. There is not... milk in the fridge. 4. There are ... rooms in the house. 5. ... people know Chinese.

4.2 Тесты к текущему контролю

Рубежный контроль №1

Вариант 1.

1. Вставьте пропущенное слово в предложение: «Unlike the work of the red-carpet paparazzi or the clever pests who surprise celebrities in supermarkets, the images that animate the fashion business are works of _________.»

а) the collaboration б) the imagination в) the destination г) the cooperation

2. People whose main goal is not to lure your credit card out of your wallet.

а) photographers б) stylists в) creative directors г) lawmen

3. Выберите неправильный вариант: «A 20-page fashion story for Vogue can demand ….»

а) 400 rolls of film б) five days of scouting в) four models г) a six-figure budget

4. One of the retouchers mentioned in the text

а) Missy Elliott б) Mert Alas в) Marcus Piggott г) Pascal Dangin

5. Вставьте пропущенное слово в предложение: « _______ draws back the curtain and looks at 10 top imagemakers and how they influence the fashions we see and buy»

а) FORBES б) KIRBY в) TIME г) FOLKLORE FELLOWS

6. Определённый артикль A, an употребляется

а) когда собеседнику ясно, что мы имеем в виду

б) когда собеседник не знает, о каком предмете идет речь

в) когда речь идёт о полиции, армии и т.д

г) когда собеседник знает, о каком предмете идет речь

7. Неопределённый артикль the употребляется:

а) перед названиями стран, стоящими во множественном числе

б) перед названиями континентов

в) когда собеседнику ясно, что мы имеем в виду

г) с названиями городов / деревень

8. Подставьте правильный артикль в предложение: Once I read a book. … book was so horrible that I couldn’t sleep.

а) а б) an в) the г) --.

9. Подставьте правильный артикль в предложение: Kate sat down on … chair nearest the window.

а) а б) an в) the г) --.

10. Подставьте правильный артикль в предложение: In the shop I bought … new bag.

а) а б) an в) the г) --.

11. Подставьте правильный артикль в предложение: Your office is so nice. Where is … cafeteria?

а) а б) the в) an г) --.

12. Подставьте правильный артикль в предложение: … Africa is the hottest continent.

а) а б) the в) an г) --.

13. Подставьте правильный артикль в предложение: They are … students now.

а) а б) -- в) an г) the

14. Подставьте правильный артикль в предложение: I don’t know … name of this boy.

а) the б) -- в) an г) а

15. Подставьте правильный артикль в предложение: London is situated on … Thames.

а) -- б) the в) an г) а

Вариант 2.

1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа: «When the writer’s mother told his father the news, she _________»

а) looked angry б) looked shocked в) sounded upset г) sounded joyful

2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа: «The writer told his parents that ______»

а) he did not want to spend his whole life in a village

б) he had accepted a job in London

в) he had been offered another job

г) he wanted to live in London.

3. Выберите правильный вариант ответа: «The father was upset because he felt that ______»

а) he would not be able to go to London regularly

б) he would hardly ever see his son

в) he would only see his son at weekends

г) he would not see his son again

4. Выберите правильный вариант ответа: «After his father left, the writer _______»

а) had doubts about his decision to leave

б) had an argument with his mother

в) explained to his mother why he wanted to leave

г) tried to comfort his mother

5. Выберите правильный вариант ответа: «The mother’s final words suggest that she ________»

а) wanted to make him feel guilty and stay

б) was happy for him to go

в) would look after his father by herself

г) would try and persuade the father to let him go

6. The passage as a whole shows that the writer

а) doesn’t really want to leave home

б) wanted to leave at first but then changed his mind

в) may find it difficult to do what he wants to do

г) is very determined to leave despite the problems.

7. Выберите правильную форму существительного: The … comes every morning.

a) postman; б) postmen; в) postmans; г) postmens.

8. Выберите правильную форму существительного: How many … high is this house?

а) tooth б) feet; в) foot; г) teeth.

9. Сколько существительных оканчивающихся на - f или - fe, при образовании множественно числа "теряют" - f или - fe, но приобретают – ves?

а) 10; б) 11; в) 12; г) 13.

10. Выберите подходящее существительное: How many … are there in your herd?

a) ship; б) sheep; в) sheeps; г) ships.

11. Множественное число какого существительного образуется основным способом образования множественного числа имён существительных:

а) an ox; б) a sheep; в) a goose; г) a cow.

12. Множественное число какого существительного не образуется основным способом образования множественного числа имён существительных:

а) a mouse; б) a bear в) a cat г) a rhino.

13. Какое существительное имеет одинаковую форму, как для единственного, так и для множественно числа:

а) woman; б) child; в) deer; ship.

14. Какую форму имеет существительное "a leaf’ во множественном числе:

а) leaves; б) leafs; в) leef; г) leavs.

Вариант 3.

1. Ответьте на вопрос: «What is the crucial feature of money? »

а) a unit of account

б) the cheapest we could find

в) the means of payment or medium of exchang

г) a standard of deferred payment

2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа: «Money, the medium, is used in of almost all exchange».

а) one half б) one third в) one tenth г) two seventh

3. Выберите правильное окончание фразы «We accept money not to consume it directly but because it can subsequently be used to ____________»

а) have a nice time б) have a bank deposit

в) buy goods г) buy things we do wish to consume

4. Вставьте пропущенное слово «A _________economy has no medium of exchange.»

а) international б) barter в) regional г) national

5. Ответьте на вопрос “What is very expensive in a barter economy?”

а) trending б) trenching в) tricking г) trading

6. Выберите правильное окончание фразы “During the rapid German inflation when prices in marks were changing very quickly, German shopkeepers found it more convenient to ________.”

а) see it as the worst possible moment б) use gold as the unit of account

в) use dollars as the unit of account г) use cigars as the unit of account

7. Ответьте на вопрос “What didn’t serve as a medium of exchange according to the text?”

а) camels б) cigarettes в) gold г) silver coins

8. Из следующей группы слов отметьте то, которое не имеет к остальным никакого отношения:

а) expensive б) forecast в) hot г) cold

9. Выберите правильный вариант: He speaks English … .

а) good; б) well в) o`key

10. Укажите, какие из подчёркнутых слов являются наречиями:

а)She always speaks in a loud voice б) She always speaks loudly

в) Don’t be so loud, the baby is sleeping

11. Выберите правильный вариант: His English is very … .

a) good б) well в) o`key

12. Укажите, какие из подчёркнутых слов являются наречиями:

a) Study year begins on the first of September б) She was the first to come in

в) She came in and first gave her name

13. Отметьте правильный вариант: She is the … beautiful girl in our group.

a) more б) very в) much г) most

14. Подберите соответствие в русском: The film is less interesting than the novel.

a) Фильм такой же интересный, как роман б) Фильм менее интересный, чем роман

в) Роман менее интересный, чем фильм

15. Выберите слово, которое не может относиться к описанию человека:

а) grey-haired б) comfortable в) old г) wise

Рубежный контроль №2

Вариант 1.

1. Выберите правильное окончание фразы «The level of medical service both in Britain and the USA is ____________ » (по тексту 1)

а) very high б) very low в) bad г) I've no idea

2. Выберите правильное окончание фразы “In the USA if you turn to a city hospital, you should ________.” (по тексту 1)

а) pay $50 at maximum б) pay at least $100 в) pay at least $50 г) pay $100 at maximum

3. Выберите неправильный вариант «The National Health Service provides free medical treatment for _________ and _____________and __________” (по тексту 1)

а) visitors from the EU

б) everybody from all over the world

в) visitors from Commonwealth countries

г) visitors from other countries with reciprocal health arrangements

4. Выберите правильный вариант «An ______ prescription costs Ј5.25 at present» (по тексту 1)

а) SHJ б) HSN в) NSS г) NHS

5. Какие типы вопросов не были использованы в тексте 2:

а) разделительный б) специальный в) альтернативный г) простой

6. Ответьте на вопрос «What doesn’t refer to the main causes of stress?”

а) death б) beginning relationships в) changing jobs г) moving house

7. Ответьте на вопрос «What doesn’t refer to the common ways of relieving stress?” (по тексту 1)

а) relaxation exercises б) playing with worry beads

в) doing yoga г) producing gum

8. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант: This is my Institute, … ?

а) doesn’t it б) hasn’t it

в) isn’t it г) is it

9. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант: We usually have dinner at 3, …?

a) don’t we б) haven’t we в) aren’t we г) didn’t we

10. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант: I shall get up very early tomorrow, …?

a) shall I б) don’t I в) can’t I г) shan`t I

11. Определите, какой из вариантов является ответом на вопрос: At what time were you returning yesterday?

а) I was returning home because it was late

б) I was very tired when I was returning home

в) I was returning home when the clock struck 11

12. Определите, на какой из вопросов данное утверждение является ответом:

She sang wonderfully at the concert.

a) Where did she sing? б) Why did she sing?

в) What did she sing? г) When did she sing?

13. Соотнесите английский вариант с русским: What are you doing tonight?

a) Что ты делаешь сегодня вечером? б) Что ты хочешь делать сегодня вечером ?

в) Что ты делала сегодня вечером?

14. Определите, на какой из вопросов данное утверждение является ответом:

She likes pop music.

а) Who likes pop music? б) What kind of music does she like?

в) Why does she like pop music?

15. Какой вопрос относится к подчёркнутому слову: Mary loves Nick, her neighbour.

a) Who loves Nick? б) Why does Mary love Nick?

в) What is Nick? г) Whom does Mary love?

Вариант 2.

1. Whose lives mustn’t cavalrymen guard?

а) the king б) the queen в) the gardener г) very important guests

2. Выберите неправильный вариант «Holidays are especially rich in old traditions and are different in ____________, _________, ___________and _____________.»

а) Wales б) England в) Scotland г) Northern Ireland

3. Выберите правильный вариант окончания фразы «A new tradition has been born in Britain. Every year a large number of ancient motorcars drive _______________.»

а) from Wales to Ireland б) from London to Brighton

в) from Wales to Belfast г) from Brighton to London

4.Ответьте на вопрос «What kind of people do Americans tend to be?»

а) informal б) formal в) important г) surprised

5. Вставьте пропущенные слова «To Americans ________________ and the opening of another is a serious, yet happy occasion.»

а) the opening of the next year б) the closing of one calendar year

в) New Year’s Day г) Christmas

6. Вставьте пропущенные слова «In some homes ___________is quite formal.»

а) the dinner table б) the kitchen в) the sitting room г) the atmosphere

7. Вставьте пропущенные слова « __________may have a party on one occasion in several houses at a time.»

а) the Russians б) the British в) the Americans г) the Scots

8. Выберите правильное местоимение: She wanted to tell me … interesting.

а) Somebody б) something; в) some; г)somewhere.

9. Выберите правильное местоимение: I think we have met her … .

a) somebody б) something в) some г) somewhere

10. Укажите, в каком из предложений можно употребить все указанные слова: many, few, a lot of, some.

а) He likes to spend much time watching TV б) They have read 10 English books in the original в) There is no news today

11. Выберите правильное местоимение: There is … place like home.

а) no б) none в) nothing г) nobody

12. Выберите правильное местоимение: … has lived in this house for years.

a) nowhere б) nothing в) no one

13. Отметьте правильный вариант: There wasn`t …. In the garden

а) some people б) anybody в) any people г) no people

14. Выберите правильное местоимение: … time I see her she speaks about her dog

а) no б) any в) some г) every

15. Выберите правильное местоимение: …. of you must go and open the door

а) some б) somebody в) what г) which

Вариант 3.

1. Ответьте на вопрос «What was the Internet originally designed for?» (по тексту 1)

а) sending and receiving e-mail messages б) to give computers more credit

в) to survive a nuclear war г) to travel through many different networks

2. Ответьте на вопрос “What country are most of the Internet host computers in?” (по тексту 1)

а) the USA б) Russia в) The UK г) China

3. Выберите верное окончание фразы «The most popular Internet service is ____.» (по тексту 1)

а) telnet б) FTP в) e-mail г) Gopher

4. Ответьте на вопрос «What haven’t people been terrified for centuries?” (по тексту 2)

а) that their programmed creations might outsmart them

б) that their programmed creations might overpower them

в) that their programmed creations might put them out of work

г) that their programmed creations might understand them

5. Ответьте на вопрос “Who isone of the founders of AI, assigned “vision”?” (по тексту 2)

а) Mert Alas б) Marvin Minsky в) Marcus Piggott г) Pascal Dangin

6. Ответьте на вопрос “What isn’t referred to the mental abilities of a four-year-old child?”

а) walking across a room б) lifting a pencil

в) understanding a computer program г) recognizing a face

7. Выберите нужное по смыслу слово “_______people know the right way to do it, because it is so difficult.”

а) a few б) few в) less г) fewer

8. Выберите нужное по смыслу слово “I`m afraid I have _____money left. Can you give me some?”

а) fewer б) less в) little г) few

9. Выберите нужное по смыслу слово «Don`t lose your temper. Have ______ patience”

a) little б) a little в) less г) few

10. Выберите нужное по смыслу слово “This time there are ______mistakes in your dictation.”

а) little б) a few в) less г) a lot of

11. Укажите, какое слово можно употребить вместо подчёркнутого так, чтобы смысл предложения не изменился «We usually drink much water in hot weather.»

а) few б) many в) little г) a lot of

12. Выберите нужное по смыслу слово «We have … bread, please, go and buy some.»

a) little б) much в) many г) few

13. Укажите, какое слово можно употребить вместо подчёркнутого так, чтобы смысл предложения не изменился «This text is easy, there are not many new words in it.»

а) little б) not much в) a lot of г) few

14. Выберите нужное по смыслу слово «I have … time, I can wait.»

а) little б) many в) a plenty of г) few

15. Укажите, в каком из предложений можно употребить все указанные слова: many, few, a lot of, some.

а) He likes to spend much time watching TV

б) They have read 10 English books in the original

в) There is no news today

г) There has been a lot of rain recently

1. Тесты к контролю остаточных знаний

К экзамену по английскому языку допускаются студенты, выполнившие весь объем работ за четыре семестра, включая четыре письменные контрольные работы и другие задания в соответствии с учебным планом кафедры ГДСТК.
На экзамене студент должен выполнить экзаменационный тест, содержащий 22 задания, включающих в себя следующие блоки:
№1. Лексика – задание 1;

№2. Грамматика - задания 2-13;

№3. Речевой этикет – задания 14-15;

№4. Страноведение – задания16-18;

№5. Чтение – задания 19-20.

№6. Устная речь: подготовленная – задание 21, неподготовленная – задание 22.

Продолжительность экзамена 1,5 часа. Разрешается пользоваться словарем.

Образец

Дидактическая единица	Вариант №1
№ 1. Лексика
	1. If you need to ________ teacher’s attention, just put your hand up. a) attract b) affect c) achieve d) divert
№ 2. Грамматика:
Словообразование	2. We all watched __________ as Mark made his speech of thanks. a) nervously b) nervous c) nervy d) nerveless
Местоимения	3. This is a book _______ is definitely going to be a bestseller. a) which b) what c) who d) whose
Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий	4. If the problem gets any ________, we may need to inform the manager about it. a) more serious b) serious c) less seriously d)seriously
Существительное	5. The staff of our hospital includes qualified … a) women-doctors b) woman-doctors c) womans-doctor d) women-doctor
Артикли	6. St. Bernard dogs are named after a monastery high up in … a) the Alps b) a Alps c) an Alps d) Alps
Предлоги	7. They discussed, ________ other things, recent events in Europe. a) among b) between c) by d) at
Союзы	8. I’ll never forgive you ________ you tell this to anybody. a) if b) unless c) since d) because
Глагол и его формы	9. What _______ doing since you returned from school? Your homework isn’t ready. a) have you been b) are you c) were you d) will you be
Страдательный залог	10. Books _______ for centuries to preserve and distribute information. a) have been used b) are used c) are being used d)have been using
Неличные формы глагола	11. He is clever enough _______ the crossword. a) to do b) to have done c) doing d) do
Фразовые глаголы	12. He eventually managed to come _______ a solution. a) up with b) along c) back d) across
Модальные глаголы	13. We couldn’t find a hotel room, so we ________ sleep in the car. It was awful! a) had to b) must c) could d) should
№ 3. Речевой этикет
	14. Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения в бытовой сфере: Passer-by 1: «Am I going in the right direction?» Passer-by 2: «__________________». a) Oh yes! b) I am afraid so. c) This is the way I look at it. d)Very likely.
	15. Выберите реплику, наиболее соответствующую ситуации общения в учебно-социальной сфере: Student: «I’m about to finish my course of studies, but I don’t know what to do: study further or take a job». Teacher: «_______________». a) You should continue your studies, I’m sure. You are really talented. b) That sounds like a good idea. Go ahead! c) That’s a problem. It is for you to decide. d) I think you’d better study further.
№ 4. Страноведение
	16. The chairman in the House of Commons of Great Britain is the … a) Speaker b) Lord Chancellor c) Prime Minister d) Clerk of the House
	17. The river on which Washington D.C. is situated is the … a) Potomac b) Mississippi c) Roanoke d) Hudson
	18. An American film producer, director and animator who made the first full-length animated musical cartoon is … a) Walt Disney b) Jerry Springer c) Stephen Spielberg d) Robert Zemeckis
№ 5. Чтение
	19. Прочитайте текст, сделайте письменный перевод 1 и 3 абзацев: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION The poisoning of the world's land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilization. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history's greatest dangers to human life on the earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable. Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect. Seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas. Air pollution is a very serious problem. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening — equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union. People are beginning to realize that environmental problems are not somebody else's. They join and support various international organizations and green parties. If governments wake up to what is happening — perhaps we'll be able to avoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all of us with it.
	20. Сформулируйте основную идею текста на английском языке.
№ 6. Устная речь
Подготовленная речь	21. Выступите с одной из заранее подготовленных тем (по билетам)
Неподготовленная речь	22. Ответьте на вопросы преподавателя по теме выступления

Список примерных устных тем:

1. О себе.

2. Моя семья

3. Роль денег.

4.Здоровье: поход к врачу, медецинское страхование.

5. Традиции и культурное многообразие.

6. Цифровые технологии, интернет-технологии

7. Индустрия развлечений.

8. Кино и телевиление: преимущества и недостатки.

9. Проблемы современного мира.

10. Прицципы инженерной науки.

11. Принципы эргономики.

12. Строительные конструкции в древности.

13. Экологические проблемы в России.

14. Известные учёные и открытия

15. Достижения и противоречия в науке.

4.3. Контрольные работы.

Вариант 1

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола “to be” для предложения:

I … in the 10^th grade. a) is; b) are; c) am; d) were.

1. Укажите предложение, в котором глагол “to be” является вспомогательным:

a) She was sixteen last year. b) The delegation is to come on Monday.

c) Mother is at home. d) What are you doing?

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола “to have”: Mr. Smith stayed at his office very late because he … a lot of work. a) Has; b) have; c) will have; d) had.

1. Подберите эквиваленты в английском, соответствующие русскому:

1) Дверь открылась, и вошла девочка.

2) Дверь открылась, и девочка вошла.

a) The door opened and a girl came in.

b) The door opened and the girl came in.

1. Выберите нужное местоимение: I invited my friend to … place.

a) Me; b) his; c) my; d) mine.

1. Выберите правильную форму существительного: The … comes every morning.

a) postman; b) postmen.

1. Укажите, какое слово можно употребить вместо подчёркнутого так, чтобы смысл предложения не изменился? We usually drink much water in hot weather.

a) few; b) a lot of; c) many; d) little.

1. Выберите нужное по смыслу слово: We have … bread, please, go and buy some.

a) much; b) many; c) little; d) few.

1. Выберите правильное местоимение: She wanted to tell me … interesting.

a) Somebody; b) something; c) some; d) somewhere.

1. Укажите предложение, в котором числительное является порядковым:

a) There are 300 pages in the book. b) He was born in 1980.

c) The year for students begins on the 1^st of September. d) Room 5 is empty.

1. Подберите слово, близкое по значению к подчёркнутому: We do English at the Institute.

a) Work; b) learn; c) teach; d) know.

1. Из следующей группы слов отметьте то, которое не имеет к остальным никакого отношения: weather, season, rain, cloudy, expensive, forecast, hot, cold.

1. Какое из утверждений является верным?

a) English is impossible to learn. b) English is the most difficult language in the world. c) English is the m0ost popular foreign language in our country.

1. Какое из утверждений неверно:

a) People don’t usually work hard on their days off. b) All schools have classes on Sundays. c) Few people leave school at the age of 16.

15. Прочитайте и переведите текст «The Business of Imagemaking» и составьте его подробный план.

If imagery is as much a part of the fabric of fashion as silk, satin and thread, the imagemakers of the fashion business bring something immaterial to the cloth itself. Call it what you want; like all creativity, it's hard to define. We can feel it as an aura of allure or fantasy, the mysterious fever of the cool, the new, the now.

Unlike the work of the red-carpet paparazzi or the clever pests who surprise celebrities in supermarkets, the images that animate the fashion business are works of the imagination. Even when they are designed to look like moments plucked from the flux of the street, they're highly wrought visions crafted by a raft of photographers, stylists, creative directors and retouchers--people whose main goal, apart from satisfying their aesthetic impulses, is to lure your credit card out of your wallet. The art of these dream merchants is ultimately graded against the bottom line, and the high cost of their productions reflects the extravagant returns at stake. One 30-second spot of Missy Elliott and Madonna for the Gap required 400 hands (including those of a Kabbalah teacher). A 20-page fashion story for Vogue can demand five days of scouting, four models, three assistants, 200 rolls of film and a six-figure budget. Several million dollars goes into the development of a $50 bottle of perfume, including the ad campaign and the photographer's fees.

It's a lot of money for a photograph. But the right picture of the right perfume in the right bottle by the right designer can significantly fatten L'Oreal's bottom line. One Lanvin suit in a Russian department-store window or on Kate Moss on the cover of a fashion magazine can inspire thousands of sales and raise the profile of the designer, the store and the photographer who shot the photograph.

But such is the nature of fashion that its ecology is tremendously unstable. Every six months or so, the cast of imagemakers can change. One season the leading lights may be photographers like Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott, rich and famous for their airbrushed Vargas-style pinups. Another season influence falls to teen marketers like the FARM Team, college kids who spread the word about cool products on campuses. There are creative directors who elicit emotion from the familiar combination of a favorite song and the golden autumn glow of a tungsten movie lamp. There are designers like Reed Krakoff, who trusts that his intuition will enable him to tool leather handbags and accessories in a way that will appeal to millions of consumers. There are rock-'n'-roll stylists who know just how to rip a T- shirt to transform a garage-band punk into a pop-culture girl.

Once it's in the can, as they say, the image isn't yet perfect. In search of the right one, art directors and photographers will click through thousands of digital versions. Retouchers like Pascal Dangin will artfully erase, pixel by pixel, the circles under the eyes of a cover model who has just traveled to London and back in 48 hours. The camera exacts its price. On the following pages, TIME draws back the curtain and looks at 10 top imagemakers and how they influence the fashions we see and buy and wear in the ever returning hope that some wonderful new feeling will come into focus when we put them on.

Вариант 1.2

1. Отметьте лишнее слово:

London, sights, monument, tourist, art gallery, to found, to build, to design, guide, the president.

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола “to be”:

He … at the theatre yesterday.

1. is; b) was; c) will be; d) were.

1. Укажите предложение, в котором глагол “to have” является вспомогательным:

a) We shall have a party tomorrow. b) We have invited our friends.

с) We’ll have to prepare for the party. d) I hope we’ll have a good time.

1. Укажите правильный вариант перевода:

The flowers are in the vase.

b) Цветы в вазе. b) В вазе цветы.

1. Укажите предложение, в котором числительное является порядковым:

a) There are 300 pages in the book. b) He was born in 1980.

с) School year begins on the 1^st of September. d) Room 5 is empty.

1. Выберите нужное местоимение:

It’s easy, you can do it ….

a) you; b) your; c) yours; d) yourself.

1. Выберите правильную форму существительного:

How many … high is this house?

a) feet; b) foot.

1. Укажите, какое слово можно употребить вместо подчёркнутого так, чтобы смысл предложения не изменился?

This text is easy, there are not many new words in it.

a) little; b) not much; c) a lot of; d) few.

1. Выберите нужное по смыслу слово:

I have … time, I can wait.

a) little; b) a plenty of; c) many; d) few.

1. Выберите правильное местоимение:

I think we have met her … .

a) somebody; b) something; c) some; d) somewhere.

1. Укажите, в каком из предложений можно употребить все указанные слова: many, few, a lot of, some.

a) He likes to spend much time watching TV. b) They have read 10 English books in the original. c) There is no news today.

1. Подберите слово, близкое по значению к подчёркнутому:

She spoke to her English teacher after classes.

a) Talked; b) said; c) told; d) discussed.

1. Определите, какое из слов не является продуктом питания:

Butter, cream, flour, orange, cucumber, sausage, beans, chicken, ham, butter-fly, berries.

1. Какое из утверждений является верным:

a) After Friday comes Monday. B) The sun rises in the West.

с) The 1^st of April is “All Fools` Day” in Britain.

15. Прочтите и переведите текст, задайте к нему 10 вопросов разных типов.

When I told my mother, she looked at me as if I had slapped her face.

‘What? Live in London?’ she said.

‘ I just feel it’s time that I saw a little more of the world. After all, mum, I’m twenty-two!’

Just then, my father came downstairs, looking relaxed as he always did after his Sunday afternoon nap. I had chosen the moment carefully.

‘Clive wants to leave home. He doesn’t want to live with us any more», she told him in a trembling voice.

My father’s expression changed.

‘What? You aren’t serious, are you, son?’ he asked

He sat down at the table opposite me.

Perhaps my parents wouldn’t have reacted in this way if they hadn’t spent all their lives in a small village in Wales. And perhaps my mother in particular wouldn’t have been so possessive if her only other child hadn’t died as a baby. I tried to explain to them that the bank I worked for had offered me a chance to take a job in their head office. But I didn’t dare tell them I had already accepted the job.

‘London’s a long way away. We’ll hardly see you any more» my father said.

‘I can come back at weekends, dad.’

‘I don’t know son, I don’t know.’

He shook his head and then got up and walked out into the garden.

My mother and I sat there at the table. In the silence, I could hear the old clock ticking away in the hall. There were tears in my mother’s eyes. I knew she was going to put pressure on me to give up the idea, and I wondered if I could stand up to it. I even began to wonder if it was wrong of me to want to leave my family, the village and the people I had known all my life to live among the English in their cold, strange capital.

She put her hand over mine.

‘Your father hasn’t been well lately. Neither have I. You know that. But we won’t stand in your way if it’s really what you want, she said.

Вариант 1.3

1. Укажите предложение, в котором окончание “-s” является показателем притяжательного падежа:

1. My mother’s friend lives not far from her. b) She reads a lot.

c) The car’s stopped. d) The Browns are my neighbours.

1. Выберите правильный предлог:

Let’s meet … 6 o’clock.

a) In; b) on; c) at.

1. Выберите правильное местоимение:

There is … place like home.

a) no; b)none; c) nothing; d) nobody.

1. Выберите правильный вариант:

He speaks English … .

a) good; b) well.

1. Укажите, какие из подчёркнутых слов являются наречиями:

a) She always speaks in a loud voice.

b) She always speaks loudly.

c) Don’t be so loud, the baby is sleeping.

1. Отметьте правильный вариант:

The Volga is longer …the Thames.

a) as; b) than; c) from.

1. Подберите соответствие в русском:

The more we learn the more we know.

a) Мы много учим много знаем. b) Мы больше изучаем, чем знаем.

c) Чем больше мы учим, тем больше мы знаем.

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола:

We … five days a week.

a) work; b) works; c) are working.

1. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант:

This is my Institute, … ?

a) doesn’t it; b) hasn’t it; c) isn’t it.

1. Определите, в каком из предложений глагол “to be” является модальным:

a) She is a secretary. b) She is in the office now.

c) She is working. d) She is to start work at 9 tomorrow.

1. Определите, в каком предложении глагол “to have” является модальным:

a) She has a lot of work today. b) She has to do a lot of work today.

c) She has done a lot of work today.

1. Выберите правильный модальный глагол:

He … speak three foreign languages.

a) can; b) may; c) must.

1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:

Must I come tomorrow? – No, you … .

a) Mustn’t; b) can’t; c) needn’t.

1. Завершите варианты b) и c):

a) They can buy tickets to the theatre. b) … … … tickets to the theatre?

c) … … not … tickets to the theatre.

15. Прочитайте, переведите текст и выпишите основные функции денег на английском языке

Money and Functions

Although the crucial feature of money is its acceptance as the means of payment or medium of exchange, money has three other functions. It serves as a unit of account, as a store of value, and as a standard of deferred payment. We discuss each of the four functions of money in turn.

The Medium of Exchange

Money, the medium, is used in one half of almost all exchange. Workers exchange labour services, for money. People buy or sell goods in exchange for money. We accept money not to consume it directly but because it can subsequently be used to buy things we do wish to consume. Money is the medium through which people exchange goods and services.

To see that society benefits from a medium of exchange, imagine a barter economy.

A barter economy has no medium of exchange. Goods are traded directly or swapped for other goods.

In a barter economy, the seller and the buyer each must want something the other has no offer. Each person is simultaneously a seller and a buyer. In order to see a film, you must hand over in exchange a good or service that the cinema manager wants. There has to be a double coincidence of wants. You have to find a cinema where the manager wants what you have to offer in exchange.

Trading is very expensive in a barter economy. People must spend a lot of time and effort finding others with whom they can make mutually satisfactory swaps. Since time and effort are scarce resources, a barter economy is wasteful. The use of money - any commodity generally accepted in payment for goods, services, and debts - makes the ' trading process simpler and more efficient.

Other Functions of Money

The unit of account is the unit hi which prices are quoted and accounts are kept. In Britain prices are quoted in pounds sterling; in France in French francs. It is usually convenient to use the units in which the medium of exchange is measured as the unit of account as well. However there are exceptions. During the rapid German inflation of 1922-28 when prices in marks were changing very quickly, German shopkeepers found it more convenient to use dollars as the unit of account. Prices were quoted in dollars even though payment was made in marks, the German medium of exchange.

*Money is a Store of value because it can be used to make purchases in the future. *To be accepted in exchange, money has to be a more of value. Nobody would accept money as payment for goods supplied today if the money was going to be worthless when they tried to buy goods with it tomorrow. But money is neither the only nor necessarilly the best store of value. Houses, stamp collections, and interest-bearing bank accounts all serve as stores of value. Since money pays no interest and its real purchasing power is eroded by inflation, there are almost certainly better ways to store value.

Finally, money serves as a standard of deferred payment or a unit of account over time. When you borrow, the amount to be repaid next year is measured in pounds sterling. Although convenient, this is not an essential function of money. UK citizens can get bank loans specifying in dollars the amount that must be repaid next year. Thus the key feature of money is its use as a medium of exchange. For this, it must act as a store of value as well. And it is usually, though not invariably convenient to make money the unit of account and standard of deferred payment as well.

In war camps, cigarettes served, as money. In the nineteenth century money was mainly gold and silver coins. These are examples of commodity money, ordinary goods with industrial uses (gold) and consumption uses (cigarettes) which also serve as a medium of exchange. To use a commodity money, society must either cut back on other uses of that commodity or devote scarce resources to producing additional quantities of the commodity. But there are less expensive ways for society to produce money.

A token money is a means of payment whose value or purchasing power as money greatly exceeds its cost of production, or value in uses other than as money.

The essential condition for the survival of token money is the restriction of the right to supply it. Private production is illegal.

Society enforces the use of token money by making it legal tender. The law says it must be accepted as a means of payment

In modern economies, token money is supplemented by IOU money. An IOU money is a medium of exchange based on the debt of a private firm or individual.

A bank deposit is IOU money because it is debt of the bank. When you have a bank deposit the bank owes you money. They can write a cheque to you or a third party and the bank is obliged to pay whenever the cheque is presented. Bank deposits are medium of exchange because they are generally accepted as payment.

Вариант 1.4

1. Выберите правильный предлог: My brother work … school.

1. to; b) at; c) in.

2. Выберите правильный вариант: His English is very … .

a) good; b) well.

1. Укажите, какие из подчёркнутых слов являются наречиями:

a) She came in and first gave her name. b) She was the first to come in.

c) Study year begins on the first of September.

4. Отметьте правильный вариант: She is the … beautiful girl in our group.

a) more; b) most; c) much.

5. Подберите соответствие в русском: The film is less interesting than the novel.

a) Фильм такой же интересный, как роман. b) Фильм менее интересный, чем роман.

c) Роман менее интересный, чем фильм.

6. Выберите правильную форму глагола: She … in the suburbs of Moscow.

a) live; b) lives; c) is living.

7. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант:

We usually have dinner at 3, …?

a) don’t we; b) haven’t we; c) aren’t we.

8. Выберите правильный модальный глагол:

You … work hard at your English if you want to know it.

1. can; b) may; c) must.

9. Выберите правильный вариант ответа: May I invite my friend to the party? – Yes, you … .

a) can; b)may; c) must.

10. Завершите варианты b) и c): a) She has to get up early on week-days.

b) … she … early on week-days?

c) She … not … early on week-days.

11. Выберите правильный модальный глагол: You feel bad, you … see a doctor.

a) needn`t; b) should; c) can.

12. В следующей группе слов отметьте лишнее слово:

traveling: by train, by plane, by car, platform, compartment, to book, suitcase, wonderful, nature, hiking, bookcase, luggage, weather, on foot, a tent.

13. Выберите слово, которое не может относиться к описанию человека:

tall, bright, beautiful, merry, sad, intelligent, pretty, slim, fat, dark-eyed, grey-haired, comfortable, stupid, old, wise.

14. Отметьте, какое из утверждений является верным:

a) The Queen is the leader of the ruling party. b) The Queen has two birthdays.

c) The Queen of Britain is elected every four years.

15. Прочтите два текста, переведите и, выполняя сопоставительный анализ, напишите все факты сходства и противоречия между ними:

Текст 1.The Health Service

The level of medical service both in Britain and the USA is very high. Health care is free in England (except private Health care) and every employed citizen is obliged to pay a weekly amount of money to the National Health Service. The sum necessary to run medical services

is very high and a large part of it comes not from weekly payments but from taxes.

Health Care is very expensive in the USA. Everything must be paid for. For example, in the USA if you turn to a city hospital, you should pay at least $50. Separately you will pay for a consultation, minimum $50-60 for a visit. Medicine will cost you a minimum of $15-20.

You need a prescription to purchase many drugs in American drugstores.

If you are a foreign, you can get medical service free of charge in medical institutions attached to different charities and religious organization. The National Health Service (NHS), UK, provides free medical treatment for visitors from the EU and Commonwealth countries and to visitors from other countries with reciprocal health arrangements. An NHS prescription costs Ј5.25 at present.

Текст 2. A Visit to the Doctor.

Doctor: Well, that is the trouble? You are looking rather unwell, I must say.

Mr. Brown. You had better ask me what not trouble with me, Doctor, is. It seems to me that I am suffering all the illnesses imaginable: headaches, earache, insomnia, indigestion, pains in the stomach, muscle pains, appetite loss. To make things worse I’ve caught a cold, I’ve got a sore throat, so I’m sneezing and coughing all the time. I feel more dead than alive.

Doctor: I’m sorry to hear that. Anyway, I don’t think things are as bad as you can imagine. Let me have a look at you. I’d like to listen to your chest and lungs are not to bad. Now let me see your throat. Yes, it looks a bit sore. Snow me your tongue. Have you taken your temperature?

Mr. Brown Not yet, but I guess I should.

Doctor: Well, I don’t find anything radically wrong with you. But it is clear that you’re run down, and if you don’t take care of yourself, you may have a nervous breakdown. So first of all I advise you to stop worrying. Take some rest, have regular meals, keep off alcohol. If possible, give up smoking, at least for a time. Have this tonic made up and take I tablespoon three times a day before meals.

Mr. Brown: What about diet, doctor?

Doctor: Well, keep to a diet of salads and fruit, and a bit meat. If you do this I can promise you a full recovery.

Mr. Brown But if I don’t?

Doctor. You have to decide what is the lesser evil- to follow my advice or prepare for a better world!

Вариант 1.5

1. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: They … come to see us next week.

a) shall; b) will.

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола: They … their parents every weekend.

a) visit; b) visits; c) shall visit.

1. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант:

I shall get up very early tomorrow, …?

a) shall I; b) shan`t I; c) can’t I; d) don’t I.

1. Укажите правильные варианты перевода английского причастия reading:

a) читающий; b) прочитанный; c) читая; d) читаемый.

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола “to be”: I … writing a letter.

a) is; b) am; c) are.

1. Укажите правильную форму глагола: Every evening at 9 o’clock he … his dog for a walk.

a) is taking; b) takes; c) will take.

7. Выберите правильную форму глагола “to be”: My car … at the entrance.

a) was; b)were.

8. Укажите правильную форму глагола: The sun … in the East.

a) will rise; b) rises; c) is rising; d) was rising

9. Выберите правильный предлог:

I was looking … the gloves everywhere but couldn’t find them.

a) out; b) at; c) for; d) after.

10. Соотнесите английский вариант с русским: She is going to spend her holidays at the sea.

a) Она хочет провести свой отпуск у моря; b) Она собирается провести свой отпуск у моря; c) Она провела свой отпуск у моря.

11. Выберите правильный вариант глагола в придаточном предложении:

If the weather … fine we shall go to the country.

a) is; b) was; c) will be.

12. Укажите правильный артикль: He was born in … small Russian town.

a) a; b) an; c) the; d) - .

13. Определите, какой из вариантов является ответом на вопрос:

At what time were you returning yesterday?

1. I was returning home because it was late. b) I was very tired when I was returning home. c) I was returning home when the clock struck 11.

14. Подберите слова, противоположные по значению:

a) cold b) far c) best d) old e) tall f) slim g) light

a) worst b) new c) fat d) dark e) short f) near g)hot

15. Прочтите, переведите текст и задайте к нему 10 вопросов разных типов на английском языке

TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS

Every nation and every country has its own customs and traditions. In Britain traditions play a more important part in the life people than in other countries.

Englishman are proud of their tradition and carefully keep them up. Foreigners coming to England are struck at once by quite a number of customs and peculiarities in English life. Some ceremonies are rather formal, such as the Changing of the State opening of Parliament. Sometimes you will see a group of cavalrymen riding on black horses through the streets of London. They wear red uniforms, shining helmets, long black boots and long white gloves. These men are Life Guards. Their Special duty is to guard the king or the queen of great Britain and very important guests of the country.

To this day an English family prefers a house with a fireplace and a garden to a flat in a modern house with central heating. Most English live gardens. Sometimes the garden in front of the house is a little square covered with cement painted green in imitation of grass and a box of flowers. They love flower very mach.

The English people like animals very much, too. Pet dogs, cats, horses, ducks, chickens, canaries and other friends of man have a much better life in Britain than anywhere else. In Britain they have special dog shops selling food, clothes and other things for dog. In recent years the English began to show love for more “exotic” animals such as crocodiles, elephants, tiger, cobras, camels.

Holidays are especially rich in old traditions and are different in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and England. Christmas is a great English national holiday and in Scotland it is not observed at all. But six days later, on New Year’s Eve the Scotts begin to enjoy themselves. All the shop and factories are closed on New Year’s Day. People invite their friends to their houses. Greetings and presents are offered.

A new tradition has been born in Britain. Every year a large number of ancient motorcars drive from London to Brighton. Some of these veteran cars look very funny. This run from London to Brighton is a colorful demonstration. People are dressed in the clothes of those times. It is not a race, and most of the cars come to Brighton, which is sixty miles from London, only in the evening.

Вариант 1.6

1. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: … I help you?

a) shall; b) will.

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола: We … them next weekend

a) visited; b) visit; c) shall visit; d) had to visit.

1. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант:

He will have to take his examination in autumn, … ?

a) will he; b) won’t he; c) doesn’t he; d) hasn’t he.

4.Укажите правильный вариант перевода английского причастия ‘described”:

a) описывающий; b) описанный; c) описывая; d) описываемый.

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола “to be”: You are watching TV, …n`t you?

a) is; b) am; c)are.

6.Укажите правильную форму глагола: What … she doing now?

a) is; b) does; c)has.

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола “to be”:

We … watching TV at that time yesterday.

a) was; b) were; c) will be.

1. Укажите правильную форму глагола: When he came, they … dinner.

a) will have; b) have; c)were having; d) are having.

1. Выберите правильный предлог: You must put … your coat, it’s cold outside.

a) out; b)at; c) on; d) off.

1. Соотнесите английский вариант с русским: What are you doing tonight?

a) Что ты делаешь сегодня вечером?; b) Что ты хочешь делать сегодня вечером ?;

c) Что ты делала сегодня вечером?

1. Выберите правильный вариант глагола в придаточном предложении:

When everybody … we shall begin the meeting.

a) is coming; b) comes; c) will come.

1. Укажите правильный артикль: … Petrovs are our neighbours.

a) a; b) an; c) the; d) -- .

1. Определите, на какой из вопросов данное утверждение является ответом:

She likes pop music.

a) Who likes pop music? b) What kind of music does she like?

1. Why does she like pop music?

1. Подберите слова, противоположные по значению:

a) stand; b) leave; c) take; d) borrow; e) find; f) come into;

a) come; b) lend; c) give; d) lose; e) go out; f) sit.

15. Прочитайте, переведите текст и напишите его краткую аннотацию:

Theatres and Entertainment in England

There are a lot of places of entertainment in England. Almost every city and large town has a museum of arts, archaeology, natural history, and a theatre. In London most places of entertainment are concentrated in the West End and Soho, where you can find many concert halls, theatres, and international (Greek, Italian, Indian) restaurants. All this information can be found in the magazine ‘Time out’, newspaper ‘evening Standard’, and many other publications.

To visit some London night clubs, such as Annabell’s or Tramp’s, one need to be a member, or to go with a member, but for others, such as Stringfellow’s or Wag Club, Madame JoJo’s and Heven, membership is not necessary. There are some large dancing halls, e.g. Hippodrome in Leicester Square, and many small ones.

London has the British Museum, with its vast collection of artistic and ethnographic material from all over the world, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, including extensive collections of works of fine and applied arts. London has 400 art galleries, ranging from historic public collections to small public and commercial galleries. The national collections are housed at the National Gallery, the Tate Gallery, and the Portrait Gallery, while among the city’s many permanent collections, the Courtauld Institute Galleries can boast many famous names, including many of the most important Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works, For those in search of the avant-garde, the Saatchi Gallery is a must, also the Serpentine Gallery continues to draw crowds to its Kensington Gardens setting with innovative contemporary exhibitions.

But what are London theatres now? They are a bit of everything. Theatreland lies between Covent Garden and Haymarket. This is where most of London’s major theatres cluster. The Covent Garden Theatre is famous for opera and ballet performances. The best English singers, ballerinas and ballet dancers are playing there. The National Theatre shows drama. Some theatres put on modern plays and at others you can sometimes enjoy good musicals, folk songs or concert of “pop” music. The Aldwych Theatre is famous for its dramatic performances.

In provincial towns the systems is different. They have a repertory theatre which changes its play about every three weeks, whether it is successful or not. The National and the Royal Shakespeare Theatre (which is situated in Stratford-on-Avon, the place where William Shakespeare was born), also present three or four plays in rotation for several weeks. In 1960 the Royal Shakespeare Company began to perform at the Aldwych Theatre. There is always a full house there, but the government has to support this type of theatre financially.

There is a system of “Club” theatres where you can see both well-known and financially risky experimental plays. A performance is produced both by professionals and amateurs for the next production. Money problems are not important since the actors are paid little or nothing.

Numerous festivals are held all over Great Britain. The most famous among them is the Edinburgh International Festivals which was established in 1947 and is an annual event.

When you are going to the theatre to see a popular play, you have to book the tickets in advance either by phone or personally at the booking-office. You can also turn to much cheaper “Half Price Ticket Booths” on Leicester Square. The best seats are in the first rows of the stalls or in the dress circle. Even nowadays the British are great theatergoers and have a wide choice of entertainment at their disposal.

Вариант 1.7

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола: He … school two years ago.

a) finishes; b) will finish; c) finished.

2. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: … you meet her at the station?

a) does; b) did; c) was.

3. Укажите в предложении слово с окончанием ‘ed’, которое является сказуемым:

The unemployed demanded jobs. a) unemployed; b) demanded.

4. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант:

You went to the stadium with him, …?

a) don’t you; b) didn’t you; c) won’t you; d) wasn’t you.

5. Сопоставьте вопросы и краткие ответы:

a) Will you join us? a) Yes, they were.

b) Is it warm outside? b) Yes, he does.

c) Did you buy the book? c) Yes, it is.

d) Were they late for classes? d) Yes, I shall.

e) Does your father work in the office? e) Yes, I did.

6. Определите, на какой из вопросов данное утверждение является ответом:

She lost her umbrella.

a) When did she lose her umbrella? b) Where did she lose her umbrella?

c) What did she lose? d) Why did she lose her umbrella?

7. Укажите предложение, в котором глагол ‘have’ является вспомогательным:

a) I had a good time in the south. b) He has got the house in the country.

c) She had to tell the truth. d) They have told the truth.

8. Выберите правильную форму глагола: I … all my exams in June.

a) have passed; b) passed; c) is passing.

9. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: I … not heard this news.

a) did; b) have; c) will.

10. Укажите правильную форму глагола: We … her at the Institute yesterday.

a) saw; b) have seen.

11. Укажите, каким временем переводится сказуемое в предложении:

She has worked at this office for 10 years. A) настоящим; b) прошедшим.

12. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант:

She has bought many good things today, …?

a) didn’t she; b) hasn’t she c) hadn’t she.

13. Отметьте предложения, в которых перед инфинитивом употребляется частица ‘to’:

1) He wants … visit our relatives. 2) I made her… tell the truth. 3) Will you … answer my question? 4) He can… help you if you want. 5) Are they going … come?

14. Соотнесите предложение с русскими вариантами: I want you to invite him to the concert.

a) Я хочу пригласить его на концерт. b) Я хочу пригласить тебя c ним на концерт.

с) Я хочу, чтобы ты пригласила его на концерт.

15. Прочитайте и переведите текст, напишите подробный план

The Internet

The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet swithing. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them. One such packet-swithing network which has already survived a war is the Iraqi computer network which was not knocked out during the Gulf War.

Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50 %) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions worldwide, and their number is growing by thousands each month.

The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading USENET News, using the World-Wide Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher.

In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who actually pays for sending e-mail messages over the Internet long distances, around the world? The answer is very simple: users pay their service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of this fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger service provider, and part of the fee received by the larger provider goes to cover its cost of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.

But saving money is only the first step. If people see than they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase. For example, some western architecture companies and garment centers already transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet into China, where they are reworked and refined by skilled – but inexpensive – Chinese computer-aided-design specialists.

However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. However, because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many good encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent over the Internet is transmitted without any form of encoding, i.e. “in the clear”. But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful. Some American banks and companies even conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved.

Вариант 1.8

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола: I … in the garden last Sunday.

a) worked; b) work; c) am working.

2. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: … she cook breakfast every morning?

a) does; b) did; c) was.

3. Укажите в предложении слово с окончанием “ed”, которое является сказуемым:

The author invented all the characters described in the novel.

a) invented; b) described.

4. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант:

He will see this show tonight, …?

a) doesn’t he; b) didn’t he; c) won’t he; d) wasn’t he.

5. Определите, на какой из вопросов данное утверждение является ответом:

She sang wonderfully at the concert.

a) When did she sing? b) Where did she sing? c) What did she sing? d) Why did she sing?

6. Выберите правильную форму глагола: I … my exams and can have a good time now.

a) have passed; b) passed; c) am passing.

7. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: She … not marry him.

a) was; b) have; c) did.

8. Укажите правильную форму глагола: I … her at the Institute today.

a) saw; b) have seen.

9. Укажите, каким временем переводится сказуемое в предложении: I have finished the work. a) настоящим; b) прошедшим.

10. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант:

We had a good rest in a holiday-home, …?

a) didn’t we; b) haven’t we; c) hadn’t we.

11. Cоотнесите предложение с русскими вариантами: I saw her working in the garden.

a) Я видела, что она работала в саду; b) Я видела её работающей в саду; c) Я видела, как она работала в саду.

12. Подберите слова, близкие по значению:

1) describe; 2) writer; 3) interesting; 4) novel; 5) famous; 6) hero; 7) scene; 8) main.

1) exciting; 2) book; 3) author; 4) well-known; 5) write about; 6) leading; 7) character; 8) action.

13. Укажите, какое из слов не имеет отношения к остальным: did; make; describe; have come; is writing; looked; showed; will return; enjoy; dinner; cooked; is signing; takes.

14. Укажите, к какой теме относятся все три предложения:

The plot is very simple. We enjoyed all the three acts. The show began at five.

a) cinema; b) theatre; c) exhibition.

15. Прочитайте, переведите текст и задайте к нему 10 вопросов разных типов

Computers in the Modern World.

For centuries, people have been terrified that their programmed creations might outsmart them, overpower them or put them out of work. The fear has long been played out in fiction, from the medieval Jewish legend of the Golem, a clay automaton animated by an inscription of the name of God placed in his mouth, to HAL, the mutinous computer of “2001: a Space Odyssey”. But when the 1950s, it looked as though fiction was about to run into frightening fact. It is easy to imagine a computer calculating pi to a million decimal places or keeping track of a company’s payroll, but suddenly computers were also proving theorems in logic and playing respectable chess. In the years following there came computers that could beat anyone but a grand master, and programs that outperformed most experts at recommending treatments for bacterial infections and investing pension funds. With computers solving such brainy tasks, it seemed only a matter of time before a robot or a Terminator would be available from the mail-order catalogues; only the easy tasks remained to be programmed. According to legend, in the 1970s Marvin Minsky, one of the founders of AI, assigned “vision” to a graduate student as a summer project.

But household robots are still confined to science fiction. The main lesson of thirty-five years of AI research is that the hard problems are easy and easy problems are hard. The mental abilities of a four-year-old that we take for granted – recognizing a face, lifting a pencil, walking across a room, answering a question – in fact solve some of the hardest engineering problems ever conceived. Do not be fooled by the assembly-line robots in the automobile commercials; all they do is weld and spray-paint, tasks that do not require these clumsy Mr. Magoos to see or hold anything. And if you want to stump an artificial intelligence system, ask it questions like: Which is bigger, Chicago or a breadbox? Do zebras wear underwear? Is the floor likely to rise and bite you? If Susan goes to the store, does her head go with her? Most fears of automation are misplaced. As the new generation of intelligent devices appears, it will be the stock analysts and petrochemical engineers and parole board members who are in danger of being replaced by machines. The gardeners, receptionists and cooks are secure in their jobs for decades to come.

Understanding a sentence is one of these hard easy problems. To interact with computers we still have to learn their languages; they are not smart enough to learn ours. In fact, it is all too easy to give computers more credit at understanding that they deserve.

Вариант 1.9

1. Укажите, в каком предложении глагол стоит в Past Perfect:

1. She has bought a new pair of shoes. b) She has got a lot a lot of different shoes at home. c) She had bought a pair of new shoes for yesterday’s party. d) She had new shoes at the party.

2. Выберите правильную форму глагола: The rain … before we reached home.

a) stopped; b) had stopped.

3. Выберите правильную форму глагола: I … not … your book today.

a) have brought; b) had brought.

4. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: … the delegation visit your school?

a) did; b) has; c)had.

5. Укажите предложения, в которых ‘have’ является вспомогательным глаголом:1) Have you worked all day? 2) Have a good time! 3) They have never met before. 4) She has a lot of animals at home.

6. Соедините правильно две половины в одно предложение:

1) She plays tennis … 1) … at this moment.

2) She is playing tennis … 2) … an hour ago.

3) She had played tennis … 3) … every Monday.

4) She played tennis … 4) … next Monday.

5) She will play tennis… 5) … for two hours.

7. Выберите верный вариант перевода: She is typing the letter.

a) Она написала письмо; b) Она пишет письмо.

8. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант: Mother is watching TV, …?

a) isn’t she; b) doesn’t she; c) hasn’t she.

9. Какой вопрос относится к подчёркнутому слову? Mary loves Nick, her neighbour.

a) Who loves Nick? b) Whom does Mary love? c) What is Nick? d) Why does Mary love Nick?

10. Соотнесите предложения с русским вариантом:

a) I read this book easily without a dictionary; b) The book is easily read without a dictionary.

а) Книга легко читается без словаря; b) Я легко читаю эту книгу без словаря.

11. Укажите предложение, в котором 3-я форма глагола является частью сказуемого в страдательном залоге:

a) The letter written a month ago came only yesterday. b) The letter was written yesterday.

12. Выберите правильную форму глагола: This bag … for all occasions.

a) is used; b) used; c) is using.

13. Укажите предложение, в котором глагол “to be” является вспомогательным глаголом для образования страдательного залога: a) She is washing the baby. b) Mother is watching TV. c) Father is at work. d) I am going to the cinema. e) A new film is shown in our cinema. f) He will be 16 next year.

14. Укажите, какой частью речи являются подчёркнутые в предложении слова: The new room was light and spacious. A) существительное; b) прилагательное; c) глагол.

15. Прочитайте и переведите текст «The Business of Imagemaking» и составьте его подробный план.

If imagery is as much a part of the fabric of fashion as silk, satin and thread, the imagemakers of the fashion business bring something immaterial to the cloth itself. Call it what you want; like all creativity, it's hard to define. We can feel it as an aura of allure or fantasy, the mysterious fever of the cool, the new, the now.

Unlike the work of the red-carpet paparazzi or the clever pests who surprise celebrities in supermarkets, the images that animate the fashion business are works of the imagination. Even when they are designed to look like moments plucked from the flux of the street, they're highly wrought visions crafted by a raft of photographers, stylists, creative directors and retouchers--people whose main goal, apart from satisfying their aesthetic impulses, is to lure your credit card out of your wallet. The art of these dream merchants is ultimately graded against the bottom line, and the high cost of their productions reflects the extravagant returns at stake. One 30-second spot of Missy Elliott and Madonna for the Gap required 400 hands (including those of a Kabbalah teacher). A 20-page fashion story for Vogue can demand five days of scouting, four models, three assistants, 200 rolls of film and a six-figure budget. Several million dollars goes into the development of a $50 bottle of perfume, including the ad campaign and the photographer's fees.

It's a lot of money for a photograph. But the right picture of the right perfume in the right bottle by the right designer can significantly fatten L'Oreal's bottom line. One Lanvin suit in a Russian department-store window or on Kate Moss on the cover of a fashion magazine can inspire thousands of sales and raise the profile of the designer, the store and the photographer who shot the photograph.

But such is the nature of fashion that its ecology is tremendously unstable. Every six months or so, the cast of imagemakers can change. One season the leading lights may be photographers like Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott, rich and famous for their airbrushed Vargas-style pinups. Another season influence falls to teen marketers like the FARM Team, college kids who spread the word about cool products on campuses. There are creative directors who elicit emotion from the familiar combination of a favorite song and the golden autumn glow of a tungsten movie lamp. There are designers like Reed Krakoff, who trusts that his intuition will enable him to tool leather handbags and accessories in a way that will appeal to millions of consumers. There are rock-'n'-roll stylists who know just how to rip a T- shirt to transform a garage-band punk into a pop-culture girl.

Once it's in the can, as they say, the image isn't yet perfect. In search of the right one, art directors and photographers will click through thousands of digital versions. Retouchers like Pascal Dangin will artfully erase, pixel by pixel, the circles under the eyes of a cover model who has just traveled to London and back in 48 hours. The camera exacts its price. On the following pages, TIME draws back the curtain and looks at 10 top imagemakers and how they influence the fashions we see and buy and wear in the ever returning hope that some wonderful new feeling will come into focus when we put them on.

Вариант 1.10

1. Выберите правильную форму глагола: The taxi … by 5 o clock

a) arrived; b) had arrived.

2. Выберите правильную форму глагола: … you … the dinner by the time the guests came?

a) have cooked; b) had cooked.

3. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: … I help you?

a) has; b) have; c) shall

4. Сопоставьте английское предложение с русскими: They have come.

a) Они идут; b) Они пришли.

5. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант: You have built your house, … ? a) aren’t you? b) don’t you? c) haven’t you

6. Соотнесите предложения с русским переводом: A) A lot of new houses are built in our district every year. B) They build a lot of new houses every year. a) В нашем районе каждый год строится много домов. b) Они строят каждый год много домов.

7. Укажите предложение, в котором 3-я форма глагола является частью сказуемого в страдательном залоге: a) These jeans are made in the USA. b) I enjoyed your home-made cake.

8. Выберите правильную форму глагола: Newspapers … only in the evening today.

a) are brought; b) will be brought; c) have brought.

9. Укажите, какой частью речи является подчёркнутое в предложении слово: Where shall we place the sofa? a) существительное; b) прилагательное; с) глагол.

10. Выберите правильный артикль: … Mississippi is the longest river in the USA.

a) a; b) the; c) --.

11. Какое обобщающее слово объединяет следующие понятия: armchair, desk, bookcase, cupboard, sideboard, shelf a) luggage; b) furniture; c) goods.

12. Подберите пары противоположных значений:

1) careful; 2) noisily; 3) fast; 4) cheap; 5) daytime; 6) teacher; 7) clean; 8) bright;

1) slow; 2) expensive; 3) night; 4) student; 5) dirty; 6) stupid; 7) careless; 8) quietly.

13. Укажите, к какой теме относятся все три предложения: It`s open from 9 till 6. We enjoyed it very much. The tickets are not expensive. A) cinema; b) theatre; c) exhibition.

14. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант: He has to walk to the station, ...? a) doesn’t he; b) hasn’t he; c) isn’t he.

15. Прочитайте текст и напишите его краткую аннотацию

Oil Extraction

Petroleum (from Greek petra - rock and elaion - oil or Latin oleum - oil), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold or "Texas Tea", is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. Petroleum exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth's crust. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the alkane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and purity. Petroleum is used mostly, by volume, for producing fuel oil, which is an important "primary energy" source. Petroleum is also the raw material for many chemical products, including solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastics.

Most geologists view crude oil, like coal and natural gas, as the product of compression and heating of ancient vegetation over geological time scale. According to this theory, it is formed from the decayed remains of prehistoric marine animals and terrestrial plants. Over many centuries this organic matter, mixed with mud, is buried Under thick sedimentary layers of material. The resulting high levels of heat and pressure cause the remains to metamorphose, first into a waxy material known as kerogen, and then into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as catagenesis. These then migrate through adjacent rock layers until they become trapped underground in porous rocks called reservoirs, forming an oil field, from which the liquid can be extracted by drilling and pumping. 150 m is generally considered the "oil window". Though this corresponds to different depths for different locations around the world, a 'typical' depth for an oil window might be 4-5 km. Three conditions must be present for oil reservoirs to form: a rich source rock, a migration conduit, and a trap (seal) that forms the reservoir.

The reactions that produce oil and natural gas are often modeled as first order breakdown reactions, where kerogen breaks down to oil and natural gas by a large set of parallel reactions, and oil eventually breaks down to natural gas by another set of reactions. Generally the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. Historically, in the USA some oil fields existed where the oil rose naturally to the surface, but most of these fields have long since been depleted, except for certain remote locations in Alaska.

Often many wells will be drilled into the same reservoir, to ensure that the extraction rate will be economically viable. Also, some wells (secondary wells) may be used to pump water, steam, acids or various gas mixtures into the reservoir to raise or maintain the reservoir pressure, and so maintain an economic extraction rate.

If the underground pressure in the oil reservoir is sufficient, then the oil will be forced to the surface under this pressure. Gaseous fuels or natural gas are usually present, which also supplies needed underground pressure. In this situation it is sufficient to place a complex arrangement of valves on the w^ell head to connect the well to a pipeline network for storage and processing. This is called primary oil recovery. Usually, only about 20% of the oil in a reservoir can be extracted this way.

Over the lifetime of the well the pressure will fall, and at some point there will be insufficient underground pressure to force the oil to the surface. If economical, and it often is, the remaining oil in the well is extracted using secondary oil recovery methods. Secondary oil recovery uses various techniques to aid in recovering oil from depleted or low- pressure reservoirs. Sometimes pumps, such as beam pumps and electrical submersible pumps (ESPs), are used to bring the oil to the surface.

Other secondary recovery techniques increase the reservoir's pressure by water injection, natural gas reinjection and gas lift, which injects air, carbon dioxide or some other gas into the reservoir. Together, primary and secondary recovery allow 25 to 35% of the reservoir's oil to be recovered. Tertiary oil recovery reduces the oil's viscosity to increase oil production. Tertiary recovery is started when secondary oil recovery techniques are no longer enough to sustain production, but only when the oil can still be extracted profitably. This depends on the cost of the extraction method and the current price of crude oil. When prices are high, previously unprofitable wells are brought back into production and when they are low, production is curtailed.

Вариант 1.11

1. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: I … not seen you for years.

a) has; b) have; c) shall

2. Завершите разделительный вопрос, выбрав правильный вариант: They had cleaned the house before our arrival, …? A) didn’t they; b) hadn’t they; c) won’t they.

3. Укажите предложение, в котором 3-я форма глагола является частью сказуемого в страдательном залоге: a) I didn’t like the leading role played by that young actor.

b) The leading role was played by a young actor.

4. Выберите правильную форму глагола: The shop … at 6 in the morning yesterday.

a) is opened; b) was opened; c) will be opened.

5. Укажите, какой частью речи является подчёркнутое в предложении слово: He will head our delegation at the congress. A) существительное; b) прилагательное; с) глагол.

6. Выберите правильный артикль: … Jack London is a well-known American writer.

a) a; b) the; c) -- .

7. Выберите правильную форму глагола: He … a pilot during the World War II.

a) is; b) will be; c) was.

8. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: … the guests dancing when you came?

a) does; b) was; c) were.

9. Укажите в предложении слово с окончанием ‘ed’, которое является сказуемым:

I looked through the article translated into Russian. A) looked; b) translated.

10. Завершите разделительный вопрос: They are going to have a party on Saturday, …?

a) didn’t they; b) aren’t they; c) won’t they; d) don’t they.

11. Выберите правильную форму глагола: I … my exams in June and go to the seaside with you. a) have passed; b) passed; c) shall pass.

12. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: I … not always do morning exercises.

a) do; b) have; c) am.

13. Укажите правильную форму глагола: He … school this year. A) finished; b) has finished.

14. Укажите, каким временем переводится сказуемое в предложении:

They have been friends for many years. A) настоящим; b) прошедшим.

15. Прочтите и переведите текст, задайте к нему 10 вопросов разных типов.

When I told my mother, she looked at me as if I had slapped her face.

‘What? Live in London?’ she said.

‘ I just feel it’s time that I saw a little more of the world. After all, mum, I’m twenty-two!’

Just then, my father came downstairs, looking relaxed as he always did after his Sunday afternoon nap. I had chosen the moment carefully.

‘Clive wants to leave home. He doesn’t want to live with us any more», she told him in a trembling voice.

My father’s expression changed.

‘What? You aren’t serious, are you, son?’ he asked

He sat down at the table opposite me.

Perhaps my parents wouldn’t have reacted in this way if they hadn’t spent all their lives in a small village in Wales. And perhaps my mother in particular wouldn’t have been so possessive if her only other child hadn’t died as a baby. I tried to explain to them that the bank I worked for had offered me a chance to take a job in their head office. But I didn’t dare tell them I had already accepted the job.

‘London’s a long way away. We’ll hardly see you any more» my father said.

‘I can come back at weekends, dad.’

‘I don’t know son, I don’t know.’

He shook his head and then got up and walked out into the garden.

My mother and I sat there at the table. In the silence, I could hear the old clock ticking away in the hall. There were tears in my mother’s eyes. I knew she was going to put pressure on me to give up the idea, and I wondered if I could stand up to it. I even began to wonder if it was wrong of me to want to leave my family, the village and the people I had known all my life to live among the English in their cold, strange capital.

She put her hand over mine.

‘Your father hasn’t been well lately. Neither have I. You know that. But we won’t stand in your way if it’s really what you want, she said.

Вариант 1.12

1. Выберите правильный глагол: He … he wanted to post a letter. a) said; b) told.

2. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: We … visit our relatives on Saturday. a) shall; b) should; c) will; d) would.

3. Выберите правильную форму глагола: We thought you … it. a) know; b) knew.

4. Выберите правильный вариант перевода: She said she lived in Pushkin street.

a) Она сказала, что живёт на улице Пушкина.

b) Она сказала, что жила на улице Пушкина.

5. Соотнесите две части предложения: 1) I told him … 2) We asked … 3) She wanted to know… /// 1) .. if they enjoyed the concert. 2) .. he would find the house. 3).. who would meet her at the station.

6. Укажите в каком предложении глагол стоит в “Future-in-the-Past”:

a) You should consult a doctor. b) Mother says I should ring him up. c) I knew I should finish it on time.

7. Выберите правильную форму глагола: We hoped that the weather … fine.

a) will be; b) was; c) would be.

8. Завершите предложение: He said he would like return the book … .

a) tomorrow; b) the next day.

9. Выберите правильную форму глагола: The teacher said our examination … next Monday.

a) would be; b) had been.

10. Выберите правильный вспомогательный глагол: If I knew English well, I … take this job.

a) shall; b) will; c) should.

11. Выберите правильную форму глагола: If I … her better I should turn to her for help.

a) know; b) knew; c) will know.

12. Укажите правильный вариант перевода: If I meet her today I shall give her your book.

a) Если я встречу её сегодня, я отдам ей твою книгу.

b) Если бы я встретила её сегодня, я бы отдала ей твою книгу.

13. Выберите правильную форму глагола: If I …you I shouldn’t do it. A) were; b) had been.

14. Правильно совместите придаточные предложения с главными:

a) If the weather is fine … a) …they spent the day outside.

b) If the weather was fine … b) ... we should go to the country.

c) If the weather were fine … c) … we shall have a good time.

d) If the weather had been fine … d) … we shouldn’t have stayed at home.

15. Прочтите два текста, переведите и, выполняя сопоставительный анализ, напишите все факты сходства и противоречия между ними:

Текст 1.The Health Service

The level of medical service both in Britain and the USA is very high. Health care is free in England (except private Health care) and every employed citizen is obliged to pay a weekly amount of money to the National Health Service. The sum necessary to run medical services

is very high and a large part of it comes not from weekly payments but from taxes.

Health Care is very expensive in the USA. Everything must be paid for. For example, in the USA if you turn to a city hospital, you should pay at least $50. Separately you will pay for a consultation, minimum $50-60 for a visit. Medicine will cost you a minimum of $15-20.

You need a prescription to purchase many drugs in American drugstores.

If you are a foreign, you can get medical service free of charge in medical institutions attached to different charities and religious organization. The National Health Service (NHS), UK, provides free medical treatment for visitors from the EU and Commonwealth countries and to visitors from other countries with reciprocal health arrangements. An NHS prescription costs Ј5.25 at present.

Текст 2. A Visit to the Doctor.

Doctor: Well, that is the trouble? You are looking rather unwell, I must say.

Mr. Brown. You had better ask me what not trouble with me, Doctor, is. It seems to me that I am suffering all the illnesses imaginable: headaches, earache, insomnia, indigestion, pains in the stomach, muscle pains, appetite loss. To make things worse I’ve caught a cold, I’ve got a sore throat, so I’m sneezing and coughing all the time. I feel more dead than alive.

Doctor: I’m sorry to hear that. Anyway, I don’t think things are as bad as you can imagine. Let me have a look at you. I’d like to listen to your chest and lungs are not to bad. Now let me see your throat. Yes, it looks a bit sore. Snow me your tongue. Have you taken your temperature?

Mr. Brown Not yet, but I guess I should.

Doctor: Well, I don’t find anything radically wrong with you. But it is clear that you’re run down, and if you don’t take care of yourself, you may have a nervous breakdown. So first of all I advise you to stop worrying. Take some rest, have regular meals, keep off alcohol. If possible, give up smoking, at least for a time. Have this tonic made up and take I tablespoon three times a day before meals.

Mr. Brown: What about diet, doctor?

Doctor: Well, keep to a diet of salads and fruit, and a bit meat. If you do this I can promise you a full recovery.

Mr. Brown But if I don’t?

Doctor. You have to decide what is the lesser evil- to follow my advice or prepare for a better world!

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