Комплект контрольно-оценочных средств по учебной дисциплине ОГСЭ.03 «Иностранный язык» основной образовательной программы (ООП) для специальности СПО 15.02.08 «Технология машиностроения»

МИнистерство образования московской области

Комплект контрольно-оценочных средств

по учебной дисциплине

ОГСЭ.03 «Иностранный язык»

основной образовательной программы (ООП)

для специальности СПО

15.02.08 «Технология машиностроения»

г. Красногорск

2020 г.

ОДОБРЕНО на заседании учебно-методического объединения (УМО), протокол от «____» ____ 2020г. №_____ ___________/____________

УТВЕРЖДАЮ Заместитель директора по образовательно-инновационной деятельности ________

Разработчик:

Преподаватель Брежнева Г.И.

Рецензенты:

Содержание

1. Паспорт комплекта оценочных средств.

2. Результаты освоения учебной дисциплины.

3. Оценка освоения учебной дисциплины.

3.1. Формы контроля и оценивания элементов учебной дисциплины.

3.2. Типовые задания для оценки освоения учебной дисциплины:

3.2.1. Задания для текущего контроля.

3.2.2. Задания для промежуточной и итоговой аттестации.

3.3. Критерии оценивания.

1. Паспорт комплекта контрольно - оценочных средств дисциплины Иностранный язык

Комплект контрольно-оценочных средств для проведения текущего контроля, промежуточной и итоговой аттестации в форме дифференцированного зачета по дисциплине Иностранный язык в рамках ОПОП по специальностям СПО разработан в соответствии с примерной программой учебной дисциплины Иностранный язык, положением о текущем контроле знаний и промежуточной аттестации студентов.

Комплект контрольно-оценочных средств разработан на основании:

основной образовательной программы по направлению подготовки специальностей СПО

15.02.08 «Технология машиностроения»

• программы учебной дисциплины Иностранный язык.

1. Результаты освоения учебной дисциплины

В результате изучения дисциплины обучающийся должен знать/понимать:

– значения новых лексических единиц, связанных с тематикой данного этапа и с соответствующими ситуациями общения;

– языковой материал: идиоматические выражения, оценочную лексику, единицы речевого этикета, и обслуживающие ситуации общения в рамках изучаемых тем;

– новые значения изученных глагольных форм (видовременных, неличных), средства и способы выражения модальности; условия, предположения, причины, следствия, побуждения к действию;

– лингвострановедческую, страноведческую и социокультурную информацию, расширенную за счет новой тематики и проблематики речевого общения;

– тексты, построенные на языковом материале повседневного и профессионального общения, в том числе инструкции и нормативные документы по профессиям НПО и специальностям СПО;

В результате изучения дисциплины обучающийся должен уметь:

Говорение:

– вести диалог (диалог–расспрос, диалог–обмен мнениями/суждениями, диалог–побуждение к действию, этикетный диалог и их комбинации) в ситуациях официального и неофициального общения в бытовой, социокультурной и учебно-трудовой сферах, используя аргументацию, эмоционально-оценочные средства;

– рассказывать, рассуждать в связи с изученной тематикой, проблематикой прочитанных/прослушанных текстов; описывать события, излагать факты, делать сообщения;

– создавать словесный социокультурный портрет своей страны и страны/стран изучаемого языка на основе разнообразной страноведческой и культуроведческой информации;

Аудирование:

– понимать относительно полно (общий смысл) высказывания на изучаемом иностранном языке в различных ситуациях общения;

– понимать основное содержание аутентичных аудио- или видеотекстов познавательного характера на темы, предлагаемые в рамках курса, выборочно извлекать из них необходимую информацию;

– оценивать важность/новизну информации, определять свое отношение к ней:

Чтение:

– читать аутентичные тексты разных стилей (публицистические, художественные, научно-популярные и технические), используя основные виды чтения (ознакомительное, изучающее, просмотровое/поисковое) в зависимости от коммуникативной задачи;

Письменная речь

– описывать явления, события, излагать факты в письме личного и делового характера;

– заполнять различные виды анкет, сообщать сведения о себе в форме, принятой в стране/странах изучаемого языка;

-использовать приобретенные знания и умения в практической и профессиональной деятельности, повседневной жизни.

Оценка освоения учебной дисциплины

3.1. Формы контроля и оценивания элементов учебной дисциплины

Элемент учебной дисциплины	Формы контроля и оценивания
	Текущий контроль	Тематический контроль	Итоговый контроль
3 курс
Раздел 1. Актуальные разговорные темы на английском. Лексический материал: Изучение иностранных языков. О себе. Климат и погода в Великобритании. Мой рабочий день. Мои друзья. Грамматический материал: Существительные и артикли. Местоимения. Прилагательные.Время на английском. Указательные местоимения.	Опрос, тестирование, самостоятельная работа
Раздел 2. Праздники Лексический материал: Подготовка к празднику и приему гостей. Праздники США: государственные и национальные. Праздники США: государственные и национальные. Национальные праздники Европы. Грамматический материал: Косвенная речь.Даты на английском. Предлоги.	Опрос, тестирование, самостоятельная работа
Раздел 3. Сферы жизни человека Лексический материал: Мой колледж. Путешествия. Бронирование билетов, отеля. Формулы вежливости. Здоровье и спорт. Здоровье и спорт. Телефонный этикет и его правила. Мои хобби. Грамматический материал: Активный и пассивный залог. Условные предложения. Модальные глаголы. Глаголы, выступающие в модальном значении.	Опрос, тестирование, самостоятельная работа
Раздел 4. Технический прогресс Лексический материал: Метрическая система. Функции компьютеров. Уральские горы – центр Российской металлургии. Промышленная электроника. История архитектуры и строительства. Роль технического прогресса. Грамматический материал: Числительные. Герундий. Present Simple и Present Continuous. Past SimpleFuture Simple.	Опрос, тестирование, самостоятельная работа
Раздел 5. Профессиональная деятельность специалиста Лексический материал: Основная деятельность социального работника. Нотариат. Виды нотариальных услуг. Выбор будущей профессии. Посещение ярмарки вакансий. СМИ в США, Великобритании, России. Телевидение США, Великобритании, России. Реклама. Российская культура и искусство. Грамматический материал: Оборот There is/ There are. Past Continuous. Future Simple. Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous. Герундий. Модальные глаголы. Условные предложения.	Опрос, тестирование, самостоятельная работа
Итог			Дифференцированный зачет
	4 курс
Раздел 1. Выдающиеся люди США Лексический материал: Бенжамин Франклин. Самюэл Морзе. Уолтер Хант, Элиас Хоу и Исаак Зингер и их изобретения. Чарльз Гудьир и его изобретение. Томас Эдисон и его изобретение. Александр Белл и его изобретение. Грамматический материал: Сослагательное наклонение. Неопределенные местоимения. Место наречий в предложении. Предлоги. Типы вопросов. Числительные.	Опрос, тестирование, самостоятельная работа
Раздел 2. Факты из мира науки и истории Лексический материал: Древние виды растений и животных. Цвета спектра и основные цвета. Произведения Джерома К.Джерома. Грамматический материал: Сложное дополнение. Независимый причастный оборот.	Опрос, тестирование, самостоятельная работа
Итог			Дифференцированный зачет

Типы заданий для текущего контроля и критерии оценки

Предметом оценки освоения дисциплины являются умения, знания, общие компетенции, способность применять их в практической деятельности и повседневной жизни.

№	Тип (вид) задания	Проверяемые знания и умения	Критерии оценки
1	Устные ответы	Проверка понимания и усвоения пройденной темы.	Устные ответы на вопросы должны соответствовать критериям оценивания устных ответов.
2	Подготовка докладов, рефератов, презентаций, творческих работ, написание эссе.	Проверка степени усвоения учебного материала (объем), умение ориентироваться в материале, умение полно и аргументировано отвечать на дополнительные вопросы, излагать материал логически последовательно, делать самостоятельные выводы, умозаключения, демонстрировать кругозор, использовать материал из дополнительных источников, интернет ресурсы.	Соответствие содержания работы, заявленной теме, правилам оформления работы. Оригинальность и логичность построения работы, общее впечатление об оформлении презентации, элементы творчества и оригинальность замысла, отсутствие грамматических ошибок. Сообщение носит исследовательский характер. Речь характеризуется эмоциональной выразительностью, четкой дикцией, стилистической и орфоэпической грамотностью. Использует наглядный материал (презентация).
3	Участие в олимпиадах, творческих конкурсах	Уровень знаний по иностранному языку, и уровень интеллектуального развития, сформированность соответствующих компетенций.	Полученный диплом: участник, лауреат, победитель
4	Диф.зачет	Проверка объема и качества усвоенного лексического и грамматического материалов. Проверка понимания письменной речи, умения понять и перевести текст с английского языка на русский.	Оценка «Зачтено» ставится: —прочно усвоен предусмотренный программный материал; —представлен правильный, аргументированный ответ на все вопросы, с приведением примеров; —выполнение практического задания без ошибок. Обязательным условием выставленной оценки является правильная речь в умеренном темпе. Дополнительным условием получения оценки «зачтено» могут стать хорошие успехи при выполнении самостоятельных и контрольных работ, систематическая активная работа на семинарских занятиях, успешное участие в олимпиадах, конкурсных работах. Оценка «не зачтено»:  Выставляется студенту, если: —не справился с 50% вопросов и заданий билета, в ответах на другие вопросы допустил существенные ошибки. Не может ответить на дополнительные вопросы, предложенные преподавателем. Нет целостных и систематизированных знаний по пройденной программе. Оценивается качество устной и письменной речи, как и при выставлении положительной оценки.

3.2. Типовые задания для оценки усвоения учебной дисциплины.

Вопросы и задания для проведения дифференцированного зачета

для 2—4 курсов по ОГСЭ.03 Иностранный язык

Задание №1

Complete each sentence using there is/are or the appropriate form of to have and to be

1. Natural gas ­­­­­­­­­­­­_______ a major Ukrainian import from Russia.

2. I ________ very busy at the moment.

3. The gym  _______ free to hotel guests.

4. _______ still a whole month till the presentation.

5. These planes typically ________ 96 to 118 seats.

6. Helen (not) _______ much money with her.

Make up questions

1. the/do/ what/company?

2. name/the/company/your/of/ /what?

3. many/company/the/employ/people/how?

Задание№2

 Complete each sentence using the Present Simple of the verbs in brackets

1. The company _________ over 7000 people. (employ)

2. What time the plane _______ in Madrid? (arrive)

3. New Zealand and Australia ________ to reduce import duties. (plan)

4. My friend ________ BBC news every morning. (watch)

5. Why DVDs _______ so much more in Brazil than elsewhere.(cost)

Translate the sentences

1. Исполнительный директор несет ответственность за эти решения.

2. Новые модели сотовых телефонов — в выставочном зале.

3. В нашем районе три филиала этого банка.

4. У вас есть постоянный источник дохода?

5. В этом магазине не принимают наличные — только кредитные карточки.

6. Вы предоставляете скидки пенсионерам? — Да, конечно.

Задание №3

Insert the appropriate form of to be where necessary.

1. Our ____main____ overseas____ market ____ China.

2. Prices____extremely____ high____ in this____ part ____of the city.

3. How____ much ____that____ TV stand?

Read the information about a Swiss watch manufacturer and fill in the gaps with the words from the box

employs, French, designs, retire, daily, comes out, companies, manufacturer, produce, profits, costs

Nicolas Hayek is the founder and President of SMH. SMH is a Swiss watch 1)_________with its head ofice in Zurich, Switzerland, and a large, modern factory in Granges, France. It 2)_________14,000 people. There are twelve 3)_________ in the group, including Tissot, Omega, and Swatch.

The company’s most famous product is the Swatch watch. The Swatch has a quartz mechanism but only fifty one parts. A new collection 4)________ twice a year with forty new 5)__________. SMH sells ten million Swatch watches a year.

The factory in Granges is open twenty-four hours a day, with a 6)__________ production of 35,000 watches. Created in 1983, the company makes large 7)_________every year, but a Swatch watch still only 8)_________£ 25, the same price  as in 1983.

Nicolas Hayek is now sixty-five, but he has no plans to 9)__________. One day he hopes to 10)_________ the Swatch car, a revolutionary automobile for the century.

But it’s not ‘all work to play’ for Mr Hayek. In his free time he plays a lot of tennis, sometimes with his friend Jean-Paul Belmondo, the 11)________ actor.

Задание №4

Make true sentences.

There is There isn’t There are There aren’t

enough

food clothing luxury houses jobs clean water engineers money gas and oil schools universities hospitals home appliances

in my country in my town in my family

Откройте скобки, используя глагол в Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, will or be going to

My cousin`s name (be) Sylvie Dupont. She (live) in Paris and (work) in a café in the centre of the city. At the moment her best friend from England (stay) with her. She (enjoy) her holiday very much. They (visit) museums together. Next week they (see) a film and then they (have) dinner at an expensive restaurant. Last Tuesday they (go) to a disco with some friends of theirs. They (not/ come) home until very late. Sylvie (be) so tired at work that she (spill) some coffee all over a customer. She 10 doesn`t think she (see) him at the café again! In future she (not/ stay) out so late and she (be) more careful while she is serving customers.

Задание №5

Заполните пропуски словами many, much, a lot of

A: Are there ….. cinemas in this town? B: No, there is only one. 2. A: There isn`t ….. snow on the ground. B: No. The sun has melted it. 3. A: There are ….. flowers in the garden. B: Yes, they`re beautiful, aren`t they? 4. A: How …… times did you have a shower yesterday? B: Three! It was a very hot day. 5. A: There isn`t ….. water in that vase. The flowers will die. B: I`ll put some more in. 6. A: Helen is always alone. B: No, she isn`t. She`s got ….. friends. 7. A: Are there …. fish in this river? B: No, not any more. 8. A: Can you lend me some money? B: No, sorry- I haven`t got …… money with me.

Прочитайте текст об авторе книг о Гарри Поттере Дж. Роулинг. Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа из предложенных ниже, чтобы заполнить пропуски

She (1) __________ born on 31 July 1965. She (2)__________ 7 Harry Potter books and although she says she won't write any more, lots of her fans hope her seventh one won't be her last. She (3) __________ as an English Language teacher in Portugal for a short time in the early 90s. Her books about Harry Potter (4)__________ incredibly successful and so far she (5)__________ more than £500 million from them. She (6)__________ married twice and has two children – one from each marriage.

Варианты ответов:

(1) has been / was / is

(2) writes / has wrote / has written

(3) has worked / worked / is worked

(4) have / have been / has been

(5) has made / has make / makes

(6) has / has been / was

Задание№6

Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите 2, 4 абзацы.

My plans for future I would like to talk about my plans for future, because it`s significant to start planning your career beforehand. I study at the Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship so when I graduate and get my diploma I will be able to find a job in the sphere of business. What kind of knowledge and what traits of character should I have to succeed? These are the questions that people often ask themselves. Nowadays employers demand perfect knowledge, work experience, a range of transferable skills and such qualities as efficiency, punctuality, practicality, creativity and many others. If you want to get a good job, you must convince your employer that you are the best candidate for it. Choosing your future job you should take into consideration your interests, abilities and opportunities. Besides, you should know your employer's requirements. If you want to become a good specialist, to keep your job and to get a promotion, you should be competent. It is a combination of knowledge, skills and behaviour, the ability to perform a specific role. Today executives and managers don't only speak of skills and qualifications of their employees, but of their competencies that measure a person's appropriateness for a particular job. Competence development is a long process that requires training and personal development. Competence grows through experience. The ability to make the right decision is crucial in the world of business. A well-considered decision will lead your team to success; a poor decision can result into failure. A good employee should demonstrate problem-solving capability and think about what is to be achieved and how it is to be achieved. Many companies need people who can work effectively in different countries and cultures. Therefore it is important to know at least one foreign language. A person must remember that the traditions and customs that he or she is used to may be inadmissible in another country. That is why one should be aware of intercultural differences.

Соотнесите выражения в левой колонке с их английскими эквивалентами в правой.

Компетенции Навыки Планировать карьеру заранее Профессиональная подготовка Получить повышение Принимать во внимание Способность решать проблемы Соответствие данной работе Хорошо обдуманное решение

problem-solving capability get a promotion appropriateness for a particular job take into consideration skills competencies training well considered decision plan your career beforehand

Письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту

1. What do employers demand from potential employees?

2. What should you take into consideration apart from your interests and abilities?

3. Why is it important to be competent?

4. Competence grows through experience, doesn`t it?

5. Why is it crucial to make the right decision in the world of business?

6. Is it necessary for a future businessman to know foreign languages? Why?

Задание №7

Перепишите предложения, используя сказуемое в пассивном залоге

Adam Smith wrote “The wealth of nations” in 1776. 2. The Prime Minister will head the delegation. 3. She had read the whole book when we came. 4. The workers are testing a new machine right now. 5. She asked me to wait for her. 6. The scientists were carrying out the experiment from 10 to 12 o`clock yesterday. 7. A lot of people speak much about this new film. 8. He has finished his work.

Перепишите предложения, выбирая правильный модальный глагол

1. Nobody could/might translate this text as they didn`t have dictionaries. 2. Who can/had to answer my question? 3. Must/Can I wear a uniform at work? – No, you needn`t. 4. You must/may use your mobile phones to check the answers. 5. Could/May you tell me the way to the railway station, please? 6. Your friend had to/could walk on foot to the university as his car didn`t start. 7. May/can I leave for a while? – Yes, sure. 8. She should/may visit her grandparents more often.

Задание №8

Прочитайте текст, переведите письменно 2, 5 и 6 абзацы

Economy in Great Britain Great Britain is one of the world's leading industrialized nations. It has the 6 thlargest national economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 8thlargest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP).

In the 18th century the UK was the first country to industrialize and during the 19th century had a dominant role in the global economy. From the late 19th century the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States and Germany presented an increasing economic challenge, and the costs of fighting in World War I and World War II further weakened the UK's relative position. However it still maintains a significant role in the world economy, particularly in financial services and the knowledge economy.

During the 1970s and 80s, nearly 3.5 million manufacturing jobs were lost, but in the 1990s over 3.5 million jobs were created in service-related industries. By the late 1990s, banking, insurance, business services, and other service industries accounted for two thirds of the GDP and employed almost 70% of the workforce. This trend was also reflected in a shift in Great Britain's economic base, which has benefited the southeast, southwest, and Midlands regions of the country, while the north of England and Northern Ireland have been hard hit by the changing economy.

Great Britain has abundant supplies of coal, oil, and natural gas. Production of oil from offshore wells in the North Sea began in 1975, and the country is selfsufficient in petroleum. Other mineral resources include iron ore, tin, limestone, salt, china clay, oil shale, gypsum, and lead.

About 25% of Britain's land is arable, and almost half is suitable for meadows and pastures. Its agriculture is highly mechanized and extremely productive; barley, wheat, rapeseed, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, and vegetables are the main crops. The widespread dairy industry produces milk, eggs, and cheese. Beef cattle and large numbers of sheep, as well as poultry and pigs, are raised throughout much of the country. There is also a sizable fishing industry, with cod, haddock, mackerel, whiting, trout, salmon, and shellfish making up the bulk of the catch.

Since the early 1970s, Great Britain's trade focus has shifted from the United States to the European Union, which now accounts for over 50% of its trade. Germany, the United States, France, and the Netherlands are the main trading partners, and the Commonwealth countries are also important. The country must import about 40% of its food supplies. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and foodstuffs. The country's chief exports are manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, and transport equipment. The chief imports are fruit and vegetables, machinery, consumer goods.

The economy of Great Britain is based largely on private enterprises but has some major publicly owned industries (notably coal, steel, gas, electricity and railways) and a few joint enterprises. The Government is reducing the size of the public sector, returning parts of the steel, transport, telecommunications and aerospace industries, for example, to private enterprise. Within the manufacturing sector, the largest industries include machine tools; electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships; motor vehicles and parts; aircraft; electronic and communications equipment; metals; chemicals; petroleum; coal; textiles and clothing.

Government involvement in the British economy is primarily exercised by HM Treasury, headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and its Monetary Policy Committee is responsible for setting interest rates. The currency of the UK is the pound sterling, which is also the world's third-largest reserve currency after the US dollar and the euro. The UK is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations.

Определите, верны ли предложения. Если нет, то дайте правильный вариант

In the 18th century Great Britain was a backward country. 2) Great Britain is rich in oil, coal and gas. 3) Trade with the European Union now accounts for 50% of the whole trade. 4) The UK doesn`t import food supplies. 5) The fishing industry in the UK is well developed. 6) More than 50% of Britain`s land is arable. 7) The central bank of Great Britain is the Bank of England. 8) Great Britain is not a member of the European Union.

Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и сочетаний

Валовый внутренний продукт, паритет покупательной способности, проблемы экономики, обрабатывающая промышленность, производство, центральный банк, канцлер казначейства (министр финансов), совместное предприятие, резервная валюта, частное предпринимательство, размер процентной ставки, Международный Валютный фонд, государственный сектор экономики, потребительские товары, природные ресурсы.

Задание №9

Соотнесите слова и их определения. 

1. shareholder 2. market 3. accountant 4. recruitment 5. manager

a. someone whose job is to manage part or all of a company or other organization b. someone who owns shares in a company or business c. the job of hiring people d. a place to buy and sell things e. someone whose job is to keep and check financial accounts

Задание№10

Прочитайте текст, переведите письменно 2, 4 и 5 абзацы.

Money and its functions Money is any object or record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a given country or socio-economic context. The exchange of goods and services in markets is among the most universal activities of human life. To facilitate these exchanges, people settle on something that will serve as a medium of exchange—they select something to be money. However, this has not always been true. In primitive societies a system of barter was used. Barter was a system of direct exchange of goods. Somebody could exchange a sheep, for example, for anything in the market place that they considered to be of equal value. Barter, however, was a very unsatisfactory system because people’s precise needs seldom coincided. People needed a more practical system of exchange, and various money systems developed based on goods which the members of a society recognized as having value. Cattle, grain, teeth, shells, feather, salt, tobacco have been used. Precious metals gradually took over because, when made into coins, they were portable, durable, recognizable and divisible into larger and smaller units of value. The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; a store of value; and, occasionally in the past, a standard of deferred payment. When money is used to intermediate the exchange of goods and services, it is performing a function as a medium of exchange. It thereby avoids the inefficiencies of a barter system, such as the ‘double coincidence of wants’ problem. Money also serves as a unit of account. A unit of account is a standard numerical unit of measurement of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions. Also known as a “measure” or “standard” of relative worth and deferred payment, a unit of account is a necessary prerequisite for the formulation of commercial agreements that involve debt. The third function of money is to serve as a store of value, that is, an item that holds value over time. To act as a store of value, money must be able to be reliably saved, stored, and retrieved – and be predictably usable as a medium of exchange when it is retrieved. The value of the money must also remain stable over time. Money, of course, is not the only thing that stores value. Houses, office buildings, land, works of art, and many other commodities are regarded as a means of storing wealth and value. Money differs from these other stores of value as it is readily exchangeable for other commodities. Its role as a medium of exchange makes it a convenient store of value. Because money acts as a store of value, it can be used as a standard for future payments. When you borrow money, for example, you typically sign a contract pledging to make a series of future payments to settle the debt. These payments will be made using money, because money acts as a store of value. 12 The money supply of a country consists of currency (banknotes and coins) and usually includes bank money (the balance held in checking accounts and savings accounts). Bank money, which consists only of records (mostly computerized in modern banking), forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries.

Определите, к каким частям речи относятся данные слова. Распределите их в таблице

Settle, generally, true, medium, borrow, prerequisite, commercial, coin, serve, portable, gradually, debt, consist, unsatisfactory, reliably, payment, precious, currency, involve, broad, cattle, commodity.

Noun	verb	adjective	adverb

Переведите письменно данные слова и выражения из текста

Товары и услуги; средство обмена; платеж; система бартера; коммерческое соглашение; расчетная единица; ценность, стоимость; платежи; урегулировать долг; средство накопления богатства; сберегательный счет; валюта; рыночная стоимость; денежная масса; отложенный платеж; подписать контракт; сделка; предмет потребления, товар; совокупная денежная масса; деньги безналичных расчетов.

Задание №11

Do you think working abroad is essential for a successful career? Why / Why not?
При ответе используйте фразы:

To my mind …	In my experience …
In my opinion …	As far as I understand …
On the one hand, …on the other hand	From my point of view …
If my memory serves me right …	If I am not mistaken …
It seems to me that …	Personally, I think …
My personal view is that …	I am sure/certain/convinced that …
The fact is that …	This proves that …
It is obvious that …	There is no doubt that …

Вопросы и задания для проведения итоговой аттестации (дифференцированного зачета)

для 4 курса по ОГСЭ.04 Иностранный язык

1. Время Present Simple (Что означает? Когда используется? Как образуется вопросительное, отрицательное, утвердительное предложения? Привести примеры.)

2. Время Present Continuous (Что означает? Когда используется? Как образуется вопросительное, отрицательное, утвердительное предложения? Привести примеры.)

3. Время Present Perfect (Что означает? Когда используется? Как образуется вопросительное, отрицательное, утвердительное предложения? Привести примеры. Какие наречия часто используются с этим временем?)

4. Время Past Simple (Что означает? Когда используется? Как образуется вопросительное, отрицательное, утвердительное предложения? Привести примеры.)

5. Сравните времена Past Simple и Present Perfect.

6. Время Past Continuous (Что означает? Когда используется? Как образуется вопросительное, отрицательное, утвердительное предложения? Привести примеры.)

7. Местоимения (в именительном и объектном падеже, личные и притяжательные (в т.ч. абсолютная форма притяжательных местоимений).

8. Правильные и неправильные глаголы (Какие глаголы называются правильными, какие неправильными, придумать по 5 предложений с различными неправильными глаголами и 5 предложений с правильными глаголами)

9. Сравните времена Present Simple и Present Continuous.

10. Сигнальные слова в Present Simple, Past Simple, Present Perfect.

11. Сравнительная и превосходная степени сравнения прилагательных. Как строится сравнительная и превосходная степень у односложных, двусложных и многосложных прилагательных? Какие есть исключения? Какие сравнительные союзы и конструкции вы знаете? Приведите примеры. Выполните задание.

12. Специальные вопросы. В чем их отличие от общих вопросов? Каков порядок слов в специальных вопросах? Какой требуется ответ на специальный вопрос, а какой на общий? Приведите несколько примеров. Выполните задание.

13. Время Future Simple (Что означает? Когда используется? Как образуется вопросительное, отрицательное, утвердительное предложения? Привести примеры.)

14. Время Future Continuous (Что означает? Когда используется? Как образуется вопросительное, отрицательное, утвердительное предложения? Привести примеры.)

15. Сравните времена Future Simple и Future Continuous.

16. Способы передачи будущего времени. Примеры.

17. Исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные. Примеры.

Задания к диф.зачету

Задание №1

Complete each sentence using there is/are or the appropriate form of to have and to be

1. Natural gas ­­­­­­­­­­­­_______ a major Ukrainian import from Russia.

2. I ________ very busy at the moment.

3. The gym  _______ free to hotel guests.

4. _______ still a whole month till the presentation.

5. These planes typically ________ 96 to 118 seats.

6. Helen (not) _______ much money with her.

Make up questions

1. the/do/ what/company?

2. name/the/company/your/of/ /what?

3. many/company/the/employ/people/how?

Задание№2

 Complete each sentence using the Present Simple of the verbs in brackets

1. The company _________ over 7000 people. (employ)

2. What time the plane _______ in Madrid? (arrive)

3. New Zealand and Australia ________ to reduce import duties. (plan)

4. My friend ________ BBC news every morning. (watch)

5. Why DVDs _______ so much more in Brazil than elsewhere.(cost)

Translate the sentences

1. Исполнительный директор несет ответственность за эти решения.

2. Новые модели сотовых телефонов — в выставочном зале.

3. В нашем районе три филиала этого банка.

4. У вас есть постоянный источник дохода?

5. В этом магазине не принимают наличные — только кредитные карточки.

6. Вы предоставляете скидки пенсионерам? — Да, конечно.

Задание №3

Insert the appropriate form of to be where necessary.

1. Our ____main____ overseas____ market ____ China.

2. Prices____extremely____ high____ in this____ part ____of the city.

3. How____ much ____that____ TV stand?

Read the information about a Swiss watch manufacturer and fill in the gaps with the words from the box

employs, French, designs, retire, daily, comes out, companies, manufacturer, produce, profits, costs

Nicolas Hayek is the founder and President of SMH. SMH is a Swiss watch 1)_________with its head office in Zurich, Switzerland, and a large, modern factory in Granges, France. It 2)_________14,000 people. There are twelve 3)_________ in the group, including Tissot, Omega, and Swatch.

The company’s most famous product is the Swatch watch. The Swatch has a quartz mechanism but only fifty one parts. A new collection 4)________ twice a year with forty new 5)__________. SMH sells ten million Swatch watches a year.

The factory in Granges is open twenty-four hours a day, with a 6)__________ production of 35,000 watches. Created in 1983, the company makes large 7)_________every year, but a Swatch watch still only 8)_________£ 25, the same price  as in 1983.

Nicolas Hayek is now sixty-five, but he has no plans to 9)__________. One day he hopes to 10)_________ the Swatch car, a revolutionary automobile for the century.

But it’s not ‘all work to play’ for Mr Hayek. In his free time he plays a lot of tennis, sometimes with his friend Jean-Paul Belmondo, the 11)________ actor.

Задание №4

Make true sentences.

There is There isn’t There are There aren’t

enough

food clothing luxury houses jobs clean water engineers money gas and oil schools universities hospitals home appliances

in my country in my town in my family

Откройте скобки, используя глагол в Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple, will or be going to

My cousin`s name (be) Sylvie Dupont. She (live) in Paris and (work) in a café in the centre of the city. At the moment her best friend from England (stay) with her. She (enjoy) her holiday very much. They (visit) museums together. Next week they (see) a film and then they (have) dinner at an expensive restaurant. Last Tuesday they (go) to a disco with some friends of theirs. They (not/ come) home until very late. Sylvie (be) so tired at work that she (spill) some coffee all over a customer. She 10 doesn`t think she (see) him at the café again! In future she (not/ stay) out so late and she (be) more careful while she is serving customers.

Задание №5

Заполните пропуски словами many, much, a lot of

A: Are there ….. cinemas in this town? B: No, there is only one. 2. A: There isn`t ….. snow on the ground. B: No. The sun has melted it. 3. A: There are ….. flowers in the garden. B: Yes, they`re beautiful, aren`t they? 4. A: How …… times did you have a shower yesterday? B: Three! It was a very hot day. 5. A: There isn`t ….. water in that vase. The flowers will die. B: I`ll put some more in. 6. A: Helen is always alone. B: No, she isn`t. She`s got ….. friends. 7. A: Are there …. fish in this river? B: No, not any more. 8. A: Can you lend me some money? B: No, sorry- I haven`t got …… money with me.

Прочитайте текст об авторе книг о Гарри Поттере Дж. Роулинг. Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа из предложенных ниже, чтобы заполнить пропуски

She (1) __________ born on 31 July 1965. She (2)__________ 7 Harry Potter books and although she says she won't write any more, lots of her fans hope her seventh one won't be her last. She (3) __________ as an English Language teacher in Portugal for a short time in the early 90s. Her books about Harry Potter (4)__________ incredibly successful and so far she (5)__________ more than £500 million from them. She (6)__________ married twice and has two children – one from each marriage.

Варианты ответов:

(1) has been / was / is

(2) writes / has wrote / has written

(3) has worked / worked / is worked

(4) have / have been / has been

(5) has made / has make / makes

(6) has / has been / was

Задание№6

Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите 2, 4 абзацы.

My plans for future I would like to talk about my plans for future, because it`s significant to start planning your career beforehand. I study at the Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship so when I graduate and get my diploma I will be able to find a job in the sphere of business. What kind of knowledge and what traits of character should I have to succeed? These are the questions that people often ask themselves. Nowadays employers demand perfect knowledge, work experience, a range of transferable skills and such qualities as efficiency, punctuality, practicality, creativity and many others. If you want to get a good job, you must convince your employer that you are the best candidate for it. Choosing your future job you should take into consideration your interests, abilities and opportunities. Besides, you should know your employer's requirements. If you want to become a good specialist, to keep your job and to get a promotion, you should be competent. It is a combination of knowledge, skills and behaviour, the ability to perform a specific role. Today executives and managers don't only speak of skills and qualifications of their employees, but of their competencies that measure a person's appropriateness for a particular job. Competence development is a long process that requires training and personal development. Competence grows through experience. The ability to make the right decision is crucial in the world of business. A well-considered decision will lead your team to success; a poor decision can result into failure. A good employee should demonstrate problem-solving capability and think about what is to be achieved and how it is to be achieved. Many companies need people who can work effectively in different countries and cultures. Therefore it is important to know at least one foreign language. A person must remember that the traditions and customs that he or she is used to may be inadmissible in another country. That is why one should be aware of intercultural differences.

Соотнесите выражения в левой колонке с их английскими эквивалентами в правой.

Компетенции Навыки Планировать карьеру заранее Профессиональная подготовка Получить повышение Принимать во внимание Способность решать проблемы Соответствие данной работе Хорошо обдуманное решение

problem-solving capability get a promotion appropriateness for a particular job take into consideration skills competencies training well considered decision plan your career beforehand

Письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту

1. What do employers demand from potential employees?

2. What should you take into consideration apart from your interests and abilities?

3. Why is it important to be competent?

4. Competence grows through experience, doesn`t it?

5. Why is it crucial to make the right decision in the world of business?

6. Is it necessary for a future businessman to know foreign languages? Why?

Задание №7

Перепишите предложения, используя сказуемое в пассивном залоге

Adam Smith wrote “The wealth of nations” in 1776. 2. The Prime Minister will head the delegation. 3. She had read the whole book when we came. 4. The workers are testing a new machine right now. 5. She asked me to wait for her. 6. The scientists were carrying out the experiment from 10 to 12 o`clock yesterday. 7. A lot of people speak much about this new film. 8. He has finished his work.

Перепишите предложения, выбирая правильный модальный глагол

1. Nobody could/might translate this text as they didn`t have dictionaries. 2. Who can/had to answer my question? 3. Must/Can I wear a uniform at work? – No, you needn`t. 4. You must/may use your mobile phones to check the answers. 5. Could/May you tell me the way to the railway station, please? 6. Your friend had to/could walk on foot to the university as his car didn`t start. 7. May/can I leave for a while? – Yes, sure. 8. She should/may visit her grandparents more often.

Задание №8

Прочитайте текст, переведите письменно 2, 5 и 6 абзацы

Economy in Great Britain Great Britain is one of the world's leading industrialized nations. It has the 6 thlargest national economy in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 8thlargest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP).

In the 18th century the UK was the first country to industrialize and during the 19th century had a dominant role in the global economy. From the late 19th century the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States and Germany presented an increasing economic challenge, and the costs of fighting in World War I and World War II further weakened the UK's relative position. However it still maintains a significant role in the world economy, particularly in financial services and the knowledge economy.

During the 1970s and 80s, nearly 3.5 million manufacturing jobs were lost, but in the 1990s over 3.5 million jobs were created in service-related industries. By the late 1990s, banking, insurance, business services, and other service industries accounted for two thirds of the GDP and employed almost 70% of the workforce. This trend was also reflected in a shift in Great Britain's economic base, which has benefited the southeast, southwest, and Midlands regions of the country, while the north of England and Northern Ireland have been hard hit by the changing economy.

Great Britain has abundant supplies of coal, oil, and natural gas. Production of oil from offshore wells in the North Sea began in 1975, and the country is selfsufficient in petroleum. Other mineral resources include iron ore, tin, limestone, salt, china clay, oil shale, gypsum, and lead.

About 25% of Britain's land is arable, and almost half is suitable for meadows and pastures. Its agriculture is highly mechanized and extremely productive; barley, wheat, rapeseed, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, and vegetables are the main crops. The widespread dairy industry produces milk, eggs, and cheese. Beef cattle and large numbers of sheep, as well as poultry and pigs, are raised throughout much of the country. There is also a sizable fishing industry, with cod, haddock, mackerel, whiting, trout, salmon, and shellfish making up the bulk of the catch.

Since the early 1970s, Great Britain's trade focus has shifted from the United States to the European Union, which now accounts for over 50% of its trade. Germany, the United States, France, and the Netherlands are the main trading partners, and the Commonwealth countries are also important. The country must import about 40% of its food supplies. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and foodstuffs. The country's chief exports are manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, and transport equipment. The chief imports are fruit and vegetables, machinery, consumer goods.

The economy of Great Britain is based largely on private enterprises but has some major publicly owned industries (notably coal, steel, gas, electricity and railways) and a few joint enterprises. The Government is reducing the size of the public sector, returning parts of the steel, transport, telecommunications and aerospace industries, for example, to private enterprise. Within the manufacturing sector, the largest industries include machine tools; electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships; motor vehicles and parts; aircraft; electronic and communications equipment; metals; chemicals; petroleum; coal; textiles and clothing.

Government involvement in the British economy is primarily exercised by HM Treasury, headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and its Monetary Policy Committee is responsible for setting interest rates. The currency of the UK is the pound sterling, which is also the world's third-largest reserve currency after the US dollar and the euro. The UK is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the European Union, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations.

Определите, верны ли предложения. Если нет, то дайте правильный вариант

In the 18th century Great Britain was a backward country. 2) Great Britain is rich in oil, coal and gas. 3) Trade with the European Union now accounts for 50% of the whole trade. 4) The UK doesn`t import food supplies. 5) The fishing industry in the UK is well developed. 6) More than 50% of Britain`s land is arable. 7) The central bank of Great Britain is the Bank of England. 8) Great Britain is not a member of the European Union.

Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и сочетаний

Валовый внутренний продукт, паритет покупательной способности, проблемы экономики, обрабатывающая промышленность, производство, центральный банк, канцлер казначейства (министр финансов), совместное предприятие, резервная валюта, частное предпринимательство, размер процентной ставки, Международный Валютный фонд, государственный сектор экономики, потребительские товары, природные ресурсы.

Задание №9

Соотнесите слова и их определения. 

1. shareholder 2. market 3. accountant 4. recruitment 5. manager

a. someone whose job is to manage part or all of a company or other organization b. someone who owns shares in a company or business c. the job of hiring people d. a place to buy and sell things e. someone whose job is to keep and check financial accounts

DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at certain price. Other things equal*, at low prices the demanded quantity is higher. Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at certain price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well. The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (shortage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price. There are some factors influencing demand for a good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others. An increase in the price of a substitute good (or a decrease in the price of a complement good) will at the same time raise the demanded quantity. As consumer income is increased, demand for normal goods will also increase but demand for inferior goods will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise. As to supply, some factors are assumed* as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices. Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector.

*other things equal – при прочих равных

*to assume — принимать

Vocabulary

to supply smb with smth – поставлять что-либо кому-либо

to supply smth to smb – снабжать кого-либо чем-либо

substitute good – товар-заменитель (спрос на который изменяется в противоположном направлении по сравнению со спросом на другой товар, цена на который изменилась)

complement good – товар-дополнение (спрос на который изменяется в том же направлении, что и спрос на некоторые другие товары, цены на которые изменились)

normal good – товар стандартного качества

inferior good – товар низкого качества

input price – цена ресурсов, цена основных средств производства

to impose (on, upon) – облагать, (налогом, пошлиной кого-л.), налагать (обязательства, штраф)

equilibrium price – равновесная цена

Choose the proper word from two variants in brackets.

1. The fashion for mini-skirt (increased/reduced) the demand for textile materials.

2. Even in (some/the same) middle-income countries many people are very poor.

3. Government regulations sometimes (decrease/impose) a change in (technology/quantity) that producers do not want to use.

4. Stabilization of prices is of great importance to industrial nations (as we// as /as well) the Third World countries. 5. Freeing up (освобождение) prices leads to their (decrease/increase).

6. (Inferior/ Normal) goods are usually low-quality goods for which there are higher-quality (improvements/substitutes) sold at higher prices.

7. A decrease in (complement/ input) prices makes the production less expensive.

Complete the sentences using comparative constructions with the words than or as.

Model: We face the problem of surplus when supply is higher than demand.

Market economic system is not so stable as command system.

Producers supply as many goods as consumers are ready to buy.

1. The market is in equilibrium when the demanded quantity is as large _____________________

2. Prices rise when they are not so high _____________________

3. Prices rise when they are lower _____________________

4. We may have excess supply if prices are higher __________________

5. The demand for inferior goods at high incomes will not be as high _____________________

Задание№10

Прочитайте текст, переведите письменно 2, 4 и 5 абзацы.

Money and its functions Money is any object or record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a given country or socio-economic context. The exchange of goods and services in markets is among the most universal activities of human life. To facilitate these exchanges, people settle on something that will serve as a medium of exchange—they select something to be money. However, this has not always been true. In primitive societies a system of barter was used. Barter was a system of direct exchange of goods. Somebody could exchange a sheep, for example, for anything in the market place that they considered to be of equal value. Barter, however, was a very unsatisfactory system because people’s precise needs seldom coincided. People needed a more practical system of exchange, and various money systems developed based on goods which the members of a society recognized as having value. Cattle, grain, teeth, shells, feather, salt, tobacco have been used. Precious metals gradually took over because, when made into coins, they were portable, durable, recognizable and divisible into larger and smaller units of value. The main functions of money are distinguished as: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; a store of value; and, occasionally in the past, a standard of deferred payment. When money is used to intermediate the exchange of goods and services, it is performing a function as a medium of exchange. It thereby avoids the inefficiencies of a barter system, such as the ‘double coincidence of wants’ problem. Money also serves as a unit of account. A unit of account is a standard numerical unit of measurement of the market value of goods, services, and other transactions. Also known as a “measure” or “standard” of relative worth and deferred payment, a unit of account is a necessary prerequisite for the formulation of commercial agreements that involve debt. The third function of money is to serve as a store of value, that is, an item that holds value over time. To act as a store of value, money must be able to be reliably saved, stored, and retrieved – and be predictably usable as a medium of exchange when it is retrieved. The value of the money must also remain stable over time. Money, of course, is not the only thing that stores value. Houses, office buildings, land, works of art, and many other commodities are regarded as a means of storing wealth and value. Money differs from these other stores of value as it is readily exchangeable for other commodities. Its role as a medium of exchange makes it a convenient store of value. Because money acts as a store of value, it can be used as a standard for future payments. When you borrow money, for example, you typically sign a contract pledging to make a series of future payments to settle the debt. These payments will be made using money, because money acts as a store of value. 12 The money supply of a country consists of currency (banknotes and coins) and usually includes bank money (the balance held in checking accounts and savings accounts). Bank money, which consists only of records (mostly computerized in modern banking), forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries.

Определите, к каким частям речи относятся данные слова. Распределите их в таблице

Settle, generally, true, medium, borrow, prerequisite, commercial, coin, serve, portable, gradually, debt, consist, unsatisfactory, reliably, payment, precious, currency, involve, broad, cattle, commodity.

Noun	verb	adjective	adverb

Переведите письменно данные слова и выражения из текста

Товары и услуги; средство обмена; платеж; система бартера; коммерческое соглашение; расчетная единица; ценность, стоимость; платежи; урегулировать долг; средство накопления богатства; сберегательный счет; валюта; рыночная стоимость; денежная масса; отложенный платеж; подписать контракт; сделка; предмет потребления, товар; совокупная денежная масса; деньги безналичных расчетов.

Задание №11

Тhе role of technical progress

The scientific and technical revolution has changed our life very much.The computers, the mobile phones and other digital devices have entered our everyday life.

The atomic, space and energy age was followed bу the age of computers. The tasks which had seemed eternal before have been solved one bу one bу computers. During the last decade many fundamental changes occurred because of electronic devices. lt is even difficult to imagine the social and economic consequences of the microelectronic revolution.

The large use of computers has influenced our life in such а way that it was difficult to imagine 15 or 20 years ago. On the one hand, computers have simplified our life greatly. If you typed а text on the typewriter and

made а mistake you had to type the whole page again. Making several copies of the same document used to bе а difficult job too. But now it's quite different. Correcting rnistakes is easy. Computer also helps us to buy goods, find information, book tickets, make presentations and annual

reports, and make difficult calculations. Time is saved for leisure. Leisure time is also influenced bу computer and other periphery devices. You no longer go to the music shops - many things are available on the internet. You needn't write letters to your relatives or friends — you can send an e-mail. And your photo albums are on computer too.

Computer games are probably also а part of your free time. They became more and more realistic and complicated, and for many people it becomes impossible to tear themselves away. This means that electronic devices, such as computer and ТV set are used mostly for entertainment and consume most of the time that could bе spent on work, going for а walk and sleeping. Man becoines а slave ofthe devices which were designed to make him stronger.

Is there а way out? In fact, there is, but many people don't know it and are still slaves. The best decision is not to give these equipments place in your heart. They should do their work. And when you have а rest, prefer real communication to virtual one and living an active life to watching films about crime. Then electronics will Ье not our lord or enemy but our friend!

Answer the following questions to the text.

1. The technical revolution has changed our life very much, hasn't it?

2. What were the predecessors of computer age?

3. Do computers make our life easier and simpler? In what way?

4. Computers influence our free time too, don't they?

5. Can you get music and video on the intemet? What other informnation can you get there?

Guess the words

1. Things that we cannot live without are called ________________________

2. Things which give us pleasure and joy are called ________________________

3. When people do not have enough of something they suffer from ____________

4. Everything that is made in a society is called ____________________ and ___________________

5. _____________________ is the process of making things.

6. _____________________ is the process of dividing things among people.

Study these words and their negative forms and fill in the gaps in the sentences. Then make up your own sentences in which the negative forms are used.

certain (определенный, уверенный) — uncertain

exact (точный, безошибочный) — inexact

predictable (предсказуемый) — unpredictable

precise (точный, четкий, определенный) — imprecise

1. You have to be very _________________ in this job, because a small mistake can make a big difference.

2. Are you _____________________ that you’ll get there in time?

3. We have done this experiment before. The results are rather ___________________.

4. Our train leaves at 10 o’clock ________________________.

Задание №12

AN INEXACT SCIENCE

Economics is the study, description, and analysis of the ways in which a society produces and distributes. In economics, the term goods and services refers to everything that is produced in the economy—all products and services, including government “services,” such as national defense and the prison system. Economics is one of the social (as opposed to natural or physical) sciences, as are psychology and anthropology. Social sciences examine and explain human interaction. Because of this, the findings and knowledge produced by a social science generally cannot be as exact or predictable as those of a physical science, such as physics or chemistry. For instance, if you put water in a saucepan on a stove, you know with certainty that it will boil when it reaches 212° Fahrenheit. But if you are the governor of a state and you raise the state sales tax, you cannot be certain about the effect it will have. And you won’t be able to answer any of the following basic questions: How much money will the tax raise? In order to avoid the tax, will people take more of their business across the state line? Will they shop more often on the Internet, where there is no sales tax (yet)? Will companies in the state experience lower sales and generate lower corporate income taxes as a result? Economics deals with these kinds of questions, but it seldom comes up with totally precise explanations or correct predictions. Why? Because human behavior in the economic realm is as complex and mysterious as it is in any other sphere of life.

Vocabulary

government — правительство

prison — тюрьма

national defense — национальная безопасность

interaction — взаимодействие

certainty — определенность

sales tax — налог на продажи

income tax — налог на доходы

behavior — поведение

to avoid — избегать

to raise — поднимать

to experience — испытывать

to deal with — иметь дело с

saucepan — кастрюля

Match these words as they go together in the text

p roduce and goods and national prison human sales

tax defense distribute system services interaction

Find in the text

• two parts of the state system;

• two other social sciences;

• two physical sciences;

• two types of taxes.

Задание №13

Read the text and choose the most suitable title for it.

1.What Is Economics and Who Cares?

2.It's Not Perfect, but It Helps!

3.Will That Be Large or Small?

The good news, however, is that economics can tell us the likely results of a sales tax. In addition, as a scientific discipline, economics provides extremely useful analytical tools and frameworks for understanding human behavior in the areas of getting and spending money, which (let's face it) occupies the majority of most people's waking hours. Economics deals with fundamental, often life-or-death issues. That is why economics is important. Its challenge lies in its mysteries: We don't know when the next expansion or recession will come. We don't know if a federal tax cut will help the economy grow. We don't know which new technologies should be encouraged and which ones won't pan out (не преуспеют). And, tragically, we don't know how to overcome poverty, hunger, crime, and other evils rooted in economic reality. But economics is the branch of the social sciences most concerned with these matters, and it is the one that's well equipped to help us deal with them. Economics provides a framework for understanding government policies, business developments, and consumer behavior here and abroad. It provides a rich context for making decisions in your business, professional, and financial life. The economy is to business as the ocean is to fish. It is the environment in which business operates. The more you know about this environment, the better you will function as a manager, analyst, and decisionmaker.

Vocabulary

Likely — вероятно

to provide — обеспечивать

tools — инструменты

framework — структура

to occupy — занимать

majority — большинство

issue — пункт, проблема

challenge — сложная задача

expansion — расширение

recession — спад

to encourage — поощрять

to overcome — преодолевать

poverty — бедность

equipped — оборудованный

Match these words as they go together in the text

l ikely life-or-death overcome government business consumer making financial

decisions poverty issues policies life behavior results developments

Likely results

Read and translate the words.

Influence, responsible for, financial development programs, constant, take into account, complicated, accept.

Задание№14

Match 1-7 with a-g to make meaningful phrases

1 to provide 2 to satisfy 3 to determine 4 to rely 5 to obey 6 to evaluate 7 to encourage

a) the type of economic system b) the central authority c) goods and services d) the income e) people’s wants f) to work hard g) on the same tools and methods

Read the text and compare you explanation of marketing with what you’ve read.

MARKETING TO-DAY

Marketing is a new science. What has been around previously is the art of salesmanship. Salesmanship is the art of manufacturing something and making another person want it, then manufacturing it for him.

The fundamental principles for a marketer are:

• to understand the customer (through research);

• to create a choice ( a difference in price, concept or value that will distinguish your product);

• to communicate that choice (through promotion and advertising).

There are four principal controllable factors that provide the most effective choice for the consumer - the Four P's or the marketing mix: product, price, place and promotion.

Product

Marketing specialists do studies and take surveys to find out what goods and services people need or want to buy. Then goods and services are produced to meet those needs and desires. Products are designed to include qualities such as colors, models, styles, and features – that the business expects to be most appealing to consumers. Marketing techniques include:

• street Surveys – stopping people in the street;

• phone or postal surveys – people fill in questionnaires and send them back;

• internet surveys – a relatively new technique which functions in a similar way to other surveys except that a large number of people are interviewed at the same time.

Price

Manufacturers and sellers must determine a price for their products or services. The price must be low enough to attract buyers. However, it must be high enough to generate a profit and cover the costs and expenses that the business has in producing, distributing, and selling the product.

Promotion

Promotion means all of those activities that go into telling consumers about the product and trying to persuade consumers to buy it. These include advertising, in-store displays, sales, coupons, and games. Promotion also includes various kinds of personal selling. When salesclerks in a store help you select an item, they are promoting the product. Promotion also includes offering products door to door, on television, or over the telephone.

Place

Place refers to where the product or service is sold. Marketers want to place goods where buyers will find them most conveniently. Place means both the location of offices and stores and the location of goods within a store. Fast-food stands and auto dealerships are located on major highways. Real estate and law offices are usually found in a city or town's business district. Shoe stores, dress shops, and department stores may be located in downtown shopping areas or malls.

Items in supermarkets and drugstores are often carefully situated to maximise sales. Toys and games, for example, are usually located at the eye level of children because marketers know that they are the ones who are most likely to want those products. Groups of products, such as different brands of shampoos or different varieties of salad dressings, are nearly always displayed on the same shelves. This way shoppers can find the brands they want and compare prices.

Divide these lines into words and say what factor they refer to.

Togatherandanalysedata; tounderstandandexplainwhatpeoplethinkaboutproductoradverts; tofindoutaboutcustomersatisfaction; topredicthowcustomersmightrespondtoanewproductonthemarket.

Find in the text the words which mean:

• the provision of goods or services to meet customer or consumer needs (2 words)

• a person who buys (3 words)

• a critical, detailed, and formal examination (1 word)

• to place a product (3 words)

Match 1-5 with a-e to make meaningful phrases.

1)to take	a) the costs and expenses
2) to attract	b) buyers
3) to cover	c) a choice
4) to create	d) to buy
5) to locate	e) surveys
6) to persuade	f) products

Задание №15

THE BASIC KINDS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

The wants people have are almost unlimited. However, each society has a limited amount of resources from which to provide the goods and services to satisfy these wants. This scarcity of resources forces every society to make decisions about the following questions:

– Which goods and services will be produced?

– How will these goods and services be produced?

– How will the goods and services be distributed?

The answers for every particular country will depend on its priorities. Some countries consider it very important to be powerful and to feel safe. Other countries are concerned with providing food and clothing to all inhabitants. The decision that a country make will determine the type of economic system it has.

The basic types of economic systems are traditional, command and market.

Traditional system is the system in which people do things the way they have always done them. They rely on the same tools and methods used by their parents. There is little or no change in such systems because most people methods are based on habit, custom and religious belief. Individuals are not free to make decisions according to what they want to have. Traditional system is not as widely spread as it was before. Though it is still a major force in some areas on the west coast of Canada, in Latin America, Africa and Middle East.

In a command system, the basic economic decision of what and how to produce and distribute is made by a central authority. The members of the society in the system obey. The central authority consists of one person or a small group who control factories, equipment and land. This system is still powerful in China and Cuba and recently our country and the countries of Eastern Europe operated under strong command system.

In a market system, the basic economic decision is based on the actions of people and business firms participating in many different markets. A market system produce goods and services that people are willing to buy and that can bring a profit to the sellers. The interaction of consumers and producers makes the system work. US, Canada and Japan are the best examples of this type of economic system.

The fact is that none of today's economic system is based totally on one of three principles just described. Modern economics have some element of all three influences in them. However one of the principles is usually stronger than the others and defines the whole system.

A society's standard of living is one way to evaluate an economic system. The standard of living is a measure of how well the people live. It depends on the amount and kind of goods and services the people of a country enjoy, or their income.

Answer some more questions about economic systems

1. Why is there no change in traditional system?

2. Who makes the basic decision in command system?

3. How do you understand that interaction of consumers and producers makes market system work?

4. How do economists evaluate people’s standard of living?

Study the model and translate the underlined sentences.

The wants people have are almost unlimited. — Желания, которые имеют люди, почти безграничны.

Translate into English using the words from the text.

1. Обычаи привычки и религиозные верования заставляют людей полагаться на те же орудия и методы труда, которыми они пользовались всегда. 2. Дефицит ресурсов заставляет людей ограничивать свои желания и потребности. 3. Правительство заставляет членов общества подчиняться. Оно навязывает свои решения. 4. Производство товаров и услуг зависит от взаимодействия потреби- теля и производителя. 5. В командной системе все изменения в экономике зависят от правительства. 6. Правительство занимается повышением уровня жизни населения. 7. Эта компания занимается проблемой распределения. 8. Традиционная система основана на обычаях, традициях и верованиях. 9. Количество ресурсов влияет на объём производства. 10. Экономическая система не может основываться только на одном принципе. 11. Развитие экономики в командной системе находится под влиянием центральной власти.

Think and say

Who owns property in each economic system?

Define advantages and disadvantages of each economic system and fill in the table below. Then tell about them.

To have one's own role in the society; to be stable / unstable; to discourage new ideas and ways of doing things; to accept new methods and products; to make / not to make dramatic change in a short time; to provide / not to provide each person with a job, medical and social services; to meet / not to meet consumers’ needs; to encourage / not to encourage to work hard; to adjust / not to adjust to changes of consumers' wants and needs; to be / not to be safe socially and psychologically; to be / not to be subjected to crises and depression.

Economic system	Advantages	Disadvantages
Traditional	to be stable, …	to discourage new ideas and ways of doing things, …..
Command
Market

Задание №16

Read the text about pricing strategies and find out:

• why companies set high prices for their goods;

• why companies set low prices for their goods.

HOW MUCH?

As all Business students know, the fundamentals of marketing are the 4 Ps – product, place, price and promotion. Of these 4, price might seem the easiest to decide – how much does it cost me to produce this product or service and how much do I think customers will be prepared to pay for it? However, choosing a suitable pricing strategy is every bit as complex as the other parts of the mix and your overall marketing strategy is unlikely to be successful if the price is wrong. Let’s take a look at a few of the numerous pricing strategies that could make or break a business.

Premium pricing

Premium pricing sets a relatively high price to reflect the high quality of the product or service. This is the reason that some hotels are so much more expensive than others – they know that being so expensive will be seen by customers as a mark of quality.

Penetration pricing

New products and services are sold at an artificially low price in order to attract customers and gain market share. When the product is established, the price goes up. In recent years a number of mobile telephone networks have used this approach in the UK.

Economy pricing

Costs are kept to a minimum, with very little spent on manufacture or marketing. This is reflected in a low priced product which will hopefully sell in large volumes. Many supermarkets offer a range of products at economy prices. Typically, these products will have simple packaging and a general ‘no frills’ approach.

Price skimming

Price skimming aims to exploit a commercial advantage by charging a high price while there are few competitors. However, the high price attracts new competitors and the price falls because of the increase in supply and in competition.

Match the phrases 1-5 with explanations a-e.

1) gain the market share 2) no thrills 3) relatively 4) artificially 5) approach

a) not absolutely b) not through a natural process c) a method of dealing with a problem d) increase the number of buyers e) without decoration or accessories

Use the words from the left column to fill the blanks in the dialogues from the right column. Learn these words. Perform the dialogues.

Advantage

Long-term contract

To be worth

Promising

– Do you know anything about a ______________ to build a high-speed railway between Moscow and St. Petersburg? – Yes, certainly. This project ______________ discussing.

– What ______________ do you see in it?

– I suppose many countries are interested in this project. It is ______________ .

– Well, soon you’ll get to Moscow in 2 hours.

To be in demand

To put a new product on the market

To produce

Top quality goods

– Hi, Henry, how’s life?

– OK, thank you. I hear your firm ______________ sportswear?

– Yes, good sportswear ______________ now and we ______________ only ______________ .

– Are you planning to ______________ ?

– Possibly.

To compete

To be in the same line of business

to produce

To specialize in

– Everybody knows that “Puma”, “Adidas” and “Nike” ______________ sportswear which can ______________ on the world market.

– ______________ your firm ______________?

– Yes, we ______________ goods for children.

Enterprise

To run business

To meet troubles

To compete

– Does your family help you to ______________ your______________?

– Certainly, my father is a senior manager.

– Is your business ______________ large? – Rather.

– Do you ______________ any ______________?

– You see, to ______________ with world-famous firms is a real struggle. The terms and conditions To sign Promising

– Mr. Jones, let’s discuss ______________ of our new contract.

– With pleasure. I find it very ______________ .

– Shall we ______________ it tonight?

– All right!

Задание №17

Before you read try to guess the meanings of words 1 - 9. Then match the words and the definitions a-h.

1) upmarket 2) a mission 3) an initiative 4) a segment 5) an audience 6) a profile 7) to determine 8) to monitor 9) to eliminate

a) a part or section b) a group of interested people c) an important new plan with a particular aim d) an assignment or task e) to find out / to discover f) to remove / to take out g) to check at regular intervals h) expensive and of superior quality i) a description of the characteristics of someone or something

1.Read the explanations and translate the words in bold into Russian.

hassle – problems

gasoline (US) – petrol (GB)

to differentiate – to show how products are different from each other

an upgrade – making smth. work better, and do more

fueling (up) – (US): filling up (GB)

desperately seeking – looking for

very carefully retailer – a shop which sells goods individually or in small quantities

targeted at – directed or aimed at nearby location – not far away

full-serve outlets – a retailer shop providing full service

2.Read the text and explain its title.

HELLO TO THE GOOD BUYS

A new marketing campaign promising hassle-free and faster fuel buying for customers is under way in America. Suzanne Peck reports on the 18- month research project which involved Shell Oil researchers “moving in” with their customers to test their buying habits.

The marketing people from Shell Oil Products were desperately seeking ways to increase the business, and to come up with a strategy which would put them ahead of their competition by differentiating the Shell Oil brands in the eyes of consumers. “We are big business and the leading retailer of gasoline, but it is a fragmented market and the mission was to profitably expand the business,” said Sam.

Today, after 18 months of research, Shell Oil is on track to make buying fuel at their 8,900 service stations clearly different with a new brand initiative. Its aim is to deliver through facilities, systems upgrades, and new operating practices, a hassle-free fueling experience targeted at specific customer segments.

Over the past few years, the company has been developing detailed knowledge of consumer needs and attitudes, which formed the basis for the new brand initiative. Team leader Dave Yard, manager of Strategy and Planning Marketing, picks up the story. “We began with a customer segment study of 55,000 people, who we stopped in shopping malls in six cities for a 45-minute interview into their attitudes, especially regarding driving and cars. The result was that everyone wanted three things from a service stationcompetitive price, a nearby location and good quality fuel – something they all believed was already being delivered by the industry.”

This meant their buying decisions were influenced by other factors – some wanted full-serve outlets like the old days, some chose a service station depending on whether it looked safe or not. There were ten different segments with different needs, and we wanted a better understanding of each of these audiences.'

A focus group was set up for each segment; an anthropological study was carried out, which involved team members spending waking hours with people from each segment, watching them at home and accompanying them on shopping trips to see their buying habits; and a clinical psychologist was hired to create a psychological profile of each segment.

The study indicated that three groups, which comprised 30% of the driving public, should be targeted:

Premium Speeders – outgoing, ambitious, competitive and detail orientated. They drive upmarket cars which make a statement about them. Efficiency rules, plus fast pumps, quick access and payment.

Simplicity Seekers - loyal, caring and sensitive, frustrated with complexities of everyday life. Want simple easy transactions.

Safety Firsters - control orientated, confident people, like order and comfort of the familiar. Higher value on relationships and go out of their way to stations that make them feel comfortable. Prefer to stay close to cars.

The common feature was that they all wanted a faster and easier service than anything already available, so the study ended and the launch began.

The field organization and Shell Oil retailers combined forces to determine how to eliminate the little hassles that customers sometimes face, such as improved equipment and clearer instructions at the pump. New innovations are currently being test marketed. A new advertising campaign was launched and a sophisticated measurement system introduced to monitor satisfaction, behavior and perception of the brand. 'Fueling a car is a necessity of life and I believe we are ahead of the game – but we won't allow ourselves to stop and be caught up.

Below there are different stages in the research project. Number them in the correct order.

A. They analysed the results, which showed that there were 10 different consumer segments. ____

B. Focus groups studied the 10 segments. ____

C. Shell Oil's marketing team decided to differentiate the Shell brand from the other brands on the market. ____

D. Shell launched a new advertising campaign. ____

E. They interviewed 55,000 people about their attitudes to driving and cars in general. ____

F. Work started on improving products and services. ____

G. They carried out a detailed study of the market over 18 months. ____

H. Three groups were chosen as the target markets. ____

3.Among the underlined expressions in the text find those that correspond to the following definitions.

1. Many different types of consumer who buy the same product. ______________ _______________

2. Conclusions people reach about which products to purchase. ______________ _______________

3. An informal discussion group used for market research. ______________ _______________

4. A shared characteristic. ______________ _______________

5. A method of evaluation. ______________ _______________

6. Promotion of goods or services for sale through mass media. ______________ _______________

Complete the passage using words from exercises 1, 2, 3.

Change the form of the words where necessary.

As more and more industries are making products specifically adapted to particular ¹ segments of the market, market researchers are being asked to conduct studies and to compile more detailed ² ———— of consumer groups. Broad classifications based on sex, age and social class are not sufficient for companies operating in highly competitive and 3 ___ ___. Questionnaires are carefully designed to ⁴ ___ the exact needs and demands of consumers as well as establishing what affects consumer ⁵ _____ _____ when they choose one product instead of another. Advertising campaigns can then be targeted to appeal to the identified ⁶ _____. Finally, marketing people must ⁷ ____ the success of the campaign and modify it if necessary.

Choose the best word to complete each sentence.

1. Good selling is all about _________ (friendship/ relationship/ connection) building.

2. Your product or service should be _________ (adaptable/ changeable/ variable) to meet the needs of each customer. 3. The sales manager and the customer have an intense_________ (conversation/ negotiation/discussion) to agree on the details of the contract.

4. We always aim to give a long-term ______________ (promise/ decision/ commitment) to every customer.

Задание №18

Read and translate into Russian.

The student attending all lectures; using new methods; having entered the Institute; the achieved results; the plan containing many details; constructing new machines; having calculated the distance; all developed countries; the workers building a new house; achieving good results; having developed the speed of 120 km; the apple divided into three parts; the scientist using a new method; dividing the orange into three parts; having introduced new methods of work; the growing population of the country; refusing to give an explanation; receiving important information; having obtained the necessary information; having found the new way; help offered by the teacher; the lecture read by a well-known professor

Choose the translation of words given in the brackets.

carrying out; is carrying out; carried out; is carried out

1. The expert (проводит) the investigation.

2. The investigation (проводимое) by the expert is important.

3. The expert (проводящий) the investigation works in our company.

Задание №19

chosen

choosing

was chosen

is choosing

1. (Выбирая) a suitable pricing strategy is the specialists considered many important factors.

2. Pricing strategy for a new product line (была выбрана).

3. The (выбранная) pricing strategy proved to be suitable.

increased

increasing

having increased

increasing

1. (Увеличивая) the price we decreased the demand for the product.

2. (Увеличив) the price we decreased the demand for the product.

3. The company (увеличивающая) the price for the product can loose the market.

Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. He heard the voices coming through the open window.

2. Waiting for him I looked through the magazines lying on the table.

3. They remained at home refusing to go anywhere that day.

4. The channel linking two seas is being built now.

5. The explanation given was not complete.

6. The results received were of great importance for further work.

7. Having passed all the examinations he left for the native town.

8. Having been shown the way I could find his house easily.

9. Having waited for him for half an hour they went home.

10. When studying elements Mendeleyev found that they could be divided into nine groups.

11. When burnt, coal produces heat.

12. When reconstructed, the theatre looked more beautiful than before.

13. Being built in a new way modern houses have better facilities.

Translate into English.

Приносящий, принесенный, принося, принеся, переводящий, переведенный, переводя, переведя, давая, написав, читающий, берущий, данный, прочитав, сделанный, пьющий, сказанный, будучи потерянным, нарисовав, написавший, делая, взятый, взяв, рисуя, выпитый, сделав, идя, пишущий, прочитанный, дав, рисующий, делающий, нарисованный, выпив, говорящий, беря, написанный, читая, идущий, дающий, сказав, сидевший, посмотрев, будучи забыт, строящий, строящийся, играя, поиграв, рассказанный, рассказавший, видя, принесший, будучи принесенным, построенный, продав.

Translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to participial constructions.

1. In East-European countries consumers couldn't get goods, and factories couldn't buy inputs at prices held low by governments. 2. Governments intervene in economies controlling the supply of money, limiting monopolies and helping private industries. 3. An improvement in technology will increase the supply of a good, increasing the quantity supplied at each possible price. 4. Governments regulate economic activities imposing some restrictions. 5. The governments can influence for whom goods are produced, taking income away from some people and giving it to others. 6. The high price for a good is the market mechanism telling suppliers it is now time to increase production. 7. The developing countries hope that the industrial countries will raise imports from the less developed countries imposing tariffs on imports from other industrial countries. 8. Income is money of all kinds coming in regularly to a person, family or organization. 9. Active money is money going from man to man and used by the people in buying and selling goods and services. 10. Reducing our imports, we decrease the exports of others. 11. At prices above equilibrium we have a situation known as excess supply, or surplus.

Translate into Russian.

1. The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. 2. Economic environment is determined by the economic policies of the government, fiscal and monetary policies being the major factors. 3. It is useful to consider a simplified model, and by making modifications to the model we can approach the more realistic situation. 4. Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices and floor prices and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector. 5. They know that being so expensive will be seen by customers as a mark of quality.

Задание №20

Do you think working abroad is essential for a successful career? Why / Why not?
При ответе используйте фразы:

To my mind …	In my experience …
In my opinion …	As far as I understand …
On the one hand, …on the other hand	From my point of view …
If my memory serves me right …	If I am not mistaken …
It seems to me that …	Personally, I think …
My personal view is that …	I am sure/certain/convinced that …
The fact is that …	This proves that …
It is obvious that …	There is no doubt that …

Read the article.

(Some terms are explained after the text).

THE WORLD'S ECONOMIC LEADER

Several leading economists defined the twentieth century ‘the American century’. As we enter the twenty first century people around the world are beginning to ask just for how long the U.S. will be able to retain its position as the world’s number one economic power.

Much is made of ‘legacy industries’ in the U.S., old industries such as car production, steel manufacturing, coal mining and most of the airline industry. Companies in these sectors struggle with work practices that make them inefficient and uncompetitive compared with their Asian rivals. To compound these problems they also suffer from enormous ‘legacy costs’* such as health insurance* payments and pension fund commitments. The Japanese car manufacturer Toyota has set up car plants in the U.S. that outperform their American rivals. Toyota has no legacy costs, General Motors and Ford do. Some economists argue that these old industries and their workers must face up to the fact that these legacy obligations can no longer be met.

The U.S. has been a world leader in the new industries associated with the Internet. The Internet started in the U.S. Initially, English was the language of the Internet. Today the U.S. accounts for less than 25% of Internet users, 40-50% on new Internet users are now coming from Asia. However, eindustry advocates are quick to point out that companies such as Google and Yahoo do not have ‘legacy costs’ and are very competitive on the world stage, work within few restrictions and are able to innovate very rapidly. Ecommerce* has been a key catalyst in bringing about change in ‘old industries’. It has had a key deflationary* impact and is a major pusher of globalisation. A shift is occurring in the U.S. economy as e-commerce allows small and medium sized enterprises to compete with large multinational companies.

Clearly considerable redistribution of wealth is taking place in the world as the economies of China and India grow. It is still too early though to predict the demise of the U.S. as the world’s number one economy.

* Legacy costs – payments that companies are obliged to make to healthcare schemes and pension funds.

* Health insurance – the system of providing financial protection for property, life, health, etc., against death, loss, or damage, and involving regular payment in return for a policy guaranteeing such protection.

* Deflationary – causing reduction in the level of total spending and economic activity resulting in lower levels of output, employment, investment, trade, profits, and prices.

* E-commerce – business transactions conducted on the internet.

Specify the meaning of the following words in the text.

to account for a) to give reasons for b) to make payments c) to be responsible for to face up to a) to turn the face to something or somebody b) to be brave enough to accept c) to be opposite to struggle with a) to battle or fight b) to go or progress with difficulty c) to make effort, to try to bring about a) to cause to happen b) to turn around c) to present to the public

Mark the sentences as true or false.

1. In the twenty first century the USA is certain to retain its position as the world’s number one economic power. ____

2. Legacy costs are a good stimulus for business development. _____

3. Asian companies have an advantage over the US companies because they don’t have to pay legacy costs. ______

4. The USA is no longer a world leader in the new industries associated with the Internet. _______

5. Small and medium sized enterprises can’t compete with large multinational companies. ______

6. New e-industries are more successful than old “legacy industries.____________

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

ВАРИАНТ 1

1. Из предложенных вариантов выберите единственно правильный. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык:

1. Sociological research, which … involve many different techniques, is used in criminology to study groups, subcultures, and gangs as well as rates and kinds of crime within geographic areas.

a) must

b) may

c) can

2. All members of the police … have gained a certain level of academic

qualifications at school and undergone a period of intensive training

a) must

b) may

c) can

3. Recent studies of criminals have thrown further light on the kinds of emotional disturbances that … lead to criminal behavior.

a) must

b) may

c) can

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Из предложенных вариантов выберите единственно правильный для каждого предложения.

Переведите их, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.

1. Britain has no national police force? Although police policy … by the central Government’s Home Office

2. All kinds of people … as possible Rippers, including the Duke of Clarence

and even a barrister.

3. He … to have shot twenty-one men, but in fact he probably only killed three.

a) have been suggested

b) was said

c) is governed

3. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 4 абзацы.

Civil cases

Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organizations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages for some wrong that has been done.

For example, a tenant may sue a landlord for failure to fix a leaky roof, or a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company they feel is responsible for the injury.

The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff; the party being sued is called the defendant. There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same case.

The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is started. The next paper filed is usually the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint. The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed along with the answer. It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case against the defendant. In each civil case the judge tells the jury the extent to which the plaintiff must prove the case. This is called the plaintiff’s burden of proof, a burden that the plaintiff must meet in order to win. In most civil cases the plaintiff’s burden is to prove the case by a preponderance of evidence, that is, that the plaintiff’s version of what happened in the case is more probably true than not true.

Jury verdicts do not need to be unanimous in civil cases. Only ten jurors need to agree upon a verdict if there are 12 jurors: five must agree if there are six jurors.

4. Разместите предложения в правильном порядке:

а) The next paper filed is usually the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint.

b) Jury verdicts do not need to be unanimous in civil cases.

c) The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff; the party being sued is called the defendant.

5. Дополните предложения:

a) Most often, the party bringing the suit …

b) The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper …

c) The next paper filed is usually the …

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

ВАРИАНТ 2

1. Из предложенных вариантов выберите единственно правильный.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык:

1. The cruel principle of revenge was observed: an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, which meant that criminals … receive as punishment precisely those injuries and damages they had inflicted upon their victims.

a) had to

b) could

c) could not

2. And a child who hit his father … expect to lose the hand that struck the blow.

a) had to

b) could

c) could not

3. Hammurabi’s laws represented an advance on earlier tribal customs, because the penalty … be harder than the crime.

a) had to

b) could

c) could not

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Из предложенных вариантов выберите единственно правильный для каждого предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на пассивные конструкции.

1. One of the most detailed ancient legal codes … up in about 1758 B.C. by Hammurabi, a king of Babylonia.

2. The entire code, consisting of 282 paragraphs, … into a great stone pillar, which … up in a temple to the Babylonian got Marduk so that it could … by every citizen.

3. His victims, all women, … by having their throats cut, and in many cases the bodies … savagely … as well.

a) were killed

d) was carved

b) was drawn

e) be read

c) were mutilated

f) was set

3. Прочитайте текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3 абзацы.

Napoleon’s law

The laws of much of continental Europe (particularly France), of Quebec in Canada, and much of Latin America – along with the civil laws of Louisiana – owe who their modern form largely to the work of a man who never even studied law. Napoleon Bonaparte, the Corsican soldier who became emperor of France after the French revolution, established in 1800 five commissions to refine and organize the diverse legal systems of France. The result, enacted in 1804, was the Napoleon’s Code.

Some of its original 2,281 articles were drafted by Napoleon himself, and all were affected by his thinking, even though he was completely self-taught in legal matters.

The code was a triumphant attempt to create a legal system that treated all citizens as equals without regard to their rank or previous privileges. It was also so clearly written that it could be read and understood by ordinary people at a time when only Latin scholars could make sense of the earlier laws handed since Roman time.

The code was adopted intact in most of the areas of Europe that Napoleon dominated and spread from there across the Atlantic, taking root particularly in French-speaking American communities. Many of its principles are still in force today.

4.Прочитайте 4-й абзац текста и письменно ответьте на вопрос:

Which countries throughout the world still use the elements of Napoleon’s code?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

ВАРИАНТ 1

1.Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с видовременной формой глагола. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.1 Fat ... our meals palatablle and satisfying.

a) are making

b) makes

c) had made

1.2 Milk ... to above 170 0 to kill bacteria.

a) has been heated

b) was heating

c) will heat

1.3 One ... well to understand the composition and structure of fats.

a) did

b) has been doing

c) will do

1.4 Butter churning ... by the celtic tribes long before the Romans came to know this process.

a) had been known

b) knows

c) is knowing

1.5 The world`s first cheeses ... by chance

a) manufactured

b) have been manufactured

c) is manufacturing

2. Выберите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие герундий

2.1 Some fats and oils are important sources of vitamins A, D, E and K.

2.2 A lot of compounds essential for the living organism and known as the sterols are being derived from the fats.

2.3 On heating any animal fluid or tissue extract, an unsoluble substance obtained as a precipitate.

2.4 Lard has excellent shatening power.

2.5 The chances of sweating might minimize by packing the nuts in bags.

3. Выберите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие причастие II.

3.1 The solid fats find a ready market.

3.2 Solid fats in enormous amounts are now made from the less use full liquid fats.

3.3 Compound is the name given to a mixture of animal fats vegetables oils.

3.4 Li quid fats find extensive use as salad oils and for deep-fat frying.

3.5 After emulsilication, the mixture is chilled and the margarine separated, washed and solted.

4. Прочитайте и устно и переведите текст

Preparing fats and oils for, use.

More than 60% of the fats and oils in our diet occur in the food we eat Meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, fruits, nuts, and vegetables all contain fat or oil. But for many purposes - for example, cooking - pure fat or oil is needed For these purposes the fat or oil must be extracted from its source and processed Extraction. There are three methods of extracting fats and oils form animal tissues and from vegetables. They are rendering, pressing, and solvent extraction.

Rendering is used chiefly to obtain fats from animal tissues. A simple form of rendering, which can be seen at home, is the heating of piece of suet in a skillet to obtain fat for frying. In industry the fatty tissue is heated in a large tank. The tissue may be heated directly. In this case it is called dry rendering. Or the tissue may be heated by passing steam through it. This is called steam rendering. Pressing. Pressing is used mainly in extracting fats and oils from seeds (such as cotton seeds) and fruit pulp (such as olives). Animal tissues also may be pressed after rendering, to extract any fat or oil that may be left before pressing, shells are removed from seeds, and the seeds and fruit pulp are crushed. Then presses squeeze out the oil. But only a few fats or oils are obtained by simply pressing the crushed seeds or pulp, which is called cold pressing. Usually, the amount of fat or oil that can be obtained is increased by first heating, or cooking, the seeds or pulp this is called hot pressing.

The material that remains after pressing is called cake. It is usually rich in proteins and is used for animal feed.

Solvent extraction. Solvent extraction is another method of obtaining oil from vegetable seeds. It is used widely to extract oil from cottonseeds and soybeans. In this method a chemical solvent dissolves the oil and removes it from the material. The solvent then is evaporated, leaving the pure oil.

5. Выберите правильный ответ.

Тест по тексту.

5.1 For what purposes fat or oil must be extracted from its source and processed?

a) for many purposes

b) for cooking

c) for eating

5.2 What are three methods of extracting fats and oils from animal tissues and from vegetables?

a) rendering, pressing and solvent extraction

b) cooking, eating, pressing

c) frying, cooking, rendering

5.3 What is the simple form of rendering at home?

a) the fatty tissue is heated in a large tank

b) the heating of piece of suet in a skillet to obtain fat for frying

c) by passing steam through the tissue

5.4 Where is pressing?

a) in extracting fats and oils from seeds and fruit pulp

b) in cooking

c) in rendering

5.5 What is the solvent extraction?

a) a pressing

b) a rendering

c) a method of obtaining oil from vegetable seeds

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

ВАРИАНТ 2

1. Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с видовременной формой глагола и залога. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.1 Milk had been heated to a definite temperature in a pasteurizer and … at this temperature from some time.

a) is held

b) was held

c) have held

1.2 The use of low temperature for meat cookery … other advantages.

a) has

b) had been

c) is having

1.3 The use of butter in cookery considerably… in the last 15 years.

a) will decrease

b) is decreased

c) has decreased

1.4 Almost any substance containing sulpher … with silver to form the troublesome tarnish.

a) was reacting

b) will react

c) has reacted

1.5 Jellies … from fruit juices only.

a) will be making

b) are made

c) had been making

2.Выберите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие герундий

2.1 The United Nations, working through its various agencies, has programs to assist countries that with these problems.

2.2 The Chinese are very clever in making a lot from a little.

2.3 During the middle ages, travelers could find meats as well as lodging at inns and taverns.

2.4 By varying the foods from meal and day to day, one may include all the essential foods.

2.5 The people do not approve of milk drinking.

3. Выберите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие причастие II.

3.1 The condensed milk is to be packed in bulk or in cans.

3.2 Fat is known to increase the food value of the product.

3.3 Tissue building is fairly constant in the adult.

3.4 A good balance between fat, sugar, and protein is to be desired.

3.5 Excessive sugar ferments in the stomach cause distress from gas.

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст

Nutrition

Nutrition is all the ways in which any living thing takes in food and uses it for growth and energy. Food substances necessary for life are called nutrients.

Your body - eyes, ears, heart, legs, arms, brain, everything - is made up of billion of cells, and very single one of these myriad cells can grow and function well only if it is supplied with the correct nutrients. The cells perform all function necessary for living, like breathing and eating. They make, possible everything you do, from sleeping to swimming. Furthermore, the cells produce new cells and repair old ones.

Food provides the materials for all these complex processes. Food also supplies other needs. It has to satisfy the eyes, the taste and the appetite. No wonder nutrition is important!

For hundreds of years even, the experts knew very little about food, but in the first 60 years of the 20th-century Vast strides have been made. Nutritionists have learned that there are some 50 nutrients necessary for good health, and that some of these can event prevent diseases that once were devastating such as scurvy, rickets, bribery, and pellagra. When there is enough food are people eat wisely, they are healthier than ever before. But eating wisely does not mean gorging and becoming fat. It means eating a variety of foods and not too much, so that one maintains a proper weight.

Unfortunately, for half the world's people good nutrition is not yet possible. Millions of people in Asia, Africa, in South America are sick, stunted, are dying from lack of food.

Recently more nutritious types of wheat corn, and rice have been developed. Greater use of fertilizers and crop rotation has also helped to provide more food for the undernourished people of the world.

Good nutrition means getting enough of the necessary nutrients. With a little information about the various groups of nutrients, everyone can learn how to choose a well-balanced diet that promotes health and well-being.

5. Выберите правильный ответ.

Тест по тексту.

5.1 What are nutrients?

a) food substances necessary for life

b) your body, eyes, ears, heart and etc.

c) The cells

5.2 What other needs does food also supply?

a) they make possible everything

b) produce new cells and cells repair old ones

c) It has to satisfy the eyes, the taste, and the appetite

5.3 When are people healthier?

a) in the first 60 years of the 20-th century

b) when there is enough food

c) when nutrients have learned

5.4 Why are millions of people in Asia, Africa, in south America sick and dying?

a) because of good food

b) from lack of food

c) from use of fertilizers

5.5 What does good nutrition mean?

a) getting enough of the necessary nutrients

b) a well balanced diet

c) a little information about the various groups of nutrients

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3

ВАРИАНТ 1

1. Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с видовременной формой глагола и залога. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The delay of our goods … by transportation

a) will cause

b) is causing

c) was caused

1.2 A list … you unnecessary buying and trips to the market

a) will save

b) has saved

c) is saved

1.3 In the United States some meats by the United States Department of Agriculture

a) will grade

b) are graded

c) had graded

1.4 Times … since the housewife in crinolines slipped her market basket over her arm and set out for her daily food supply

a) have changed

b) had been changing

c) will be changed

1.5 Modern supermarkets with electronic devices, such as magic eye doors now

a) had equipped

b) are equipped

c) are equipping

2.Выберите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие герундий

2.1 We must insist on receiving payment for January

2.2 Steps are being taken immediately to avoid such mistakes in future

2.3 With careful meal planning and marketing, you can save money, time and work

2.4 Wise shopping means buying the best quality of food in the amount you need at the lowest available price

2.5 Before going to market, plan your meals for the next few days

3. Выберите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие причастие II.

3.1 Four containers in the consignment were found to be damaged.

3.2 Low prices do not always mean the best bargains.

3.3 The prepared canned and frozen foods and cake cookie, and biscuit mixed generally cost than same foods prepared at home.

3.4 A table tells you everything you need to know about the product.

3.5 Higher prices hamburger is often a better value.

4. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст

Selling

Modern industrial societies depend on a large steady output of goods. As soon as goods are produced, they are consumed (used up) by the public, and new goods are produced. For such a system to work, the consumers must keep buying the goods that the manufacturers turn out. In other words, the goods must be sold to the public. By persuading people to buy; the salesman plays an important part in keeping factories busy.

Thousands of years ago people did not needed salesman. Men and women made their own goods and exchanged them for the good their neighbors made. Or they sold their wares at village marketplace. But as small communities grew into towns and cities, trade began to flourish between cities and then between countries.

Caravans and ships carried good far and wide over land and sea. Since the cragsmen could not always travel with their goods, they needed merchants who could sell the wares to strangers. It was than that selling as an occupation was born.

However. The merchant did not have high standing in the community. There were several reasons for this. Selling was still a new occupation, and people did not know what to think of it. There were as yet no rules or laws governing the activities of salesman and some merchants may have taken advantage of their customers. But in fact the merchants were often strangers was probably more important. This frightened people and eventually made them suspicious of the merchants occupation.

Even the great Greek philosopher Aristotle had less respect the merchants than for farmers of craftsmen. Aristotle feared that making money would play too great a part in the live of the merchants.

This attitude persisted for a long time. In early medieval times in Europe, selling for profit was considered sinful by the Church. But gradually people recognized that trade and commerce stimulate the general growth of a country.

And before the Middle Ages had come to an end, selling had developed into an honorable occupation.

Today about one in every five employed persons in the US either is a salesman or work for a company that specializes in selling.

5. Выберите правильный ответ.

Тест по тексту.

5.1 What part does the salesman play in keeping factories busy?

a) important

b) unimportant

c) leading

5.2 When people didn’t need salesman?

a) yesterday

b) some years ago

c) thousand of years ago

5.3 When trade did begin to flourish between cities and the countries?

a) men and women exchanged their goods

b) the wares were sold at village marketplace

c) as small communities grew into towns and cities

5.4 What did Aristotle fear?

a) merchants were often strangers

b) making money would play too great a part in the live of the merchants

c) respecting the merchants

5.5 What did people recognize?

a) trade and commerce stimulated the general growth of a country

b) selling had developed into an honorable

c) one in every give in the use is a salesman

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Выберите правильный ответ, обращая внимание на особенности модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1.1. Before beginning an experiment one … carefully read all the instructions.

a) are able to

b) were allowed to

c) should

1.2. You … check a fuel level in the car tomorrow.

a) are able to

b) will have to

c) were to

1.3. They … easily define the properties of this material.

a) will be able to

b) shall have to

c) is to

1.4. You … use this instrument for measuring gas pressure.

a) is able to

b) ought to

c) may

1.5. The scientist … analyse the results of the test.

a) have to

b) is to

c) ought to

1.6. We … say that the discovery of atomic energy is as important as the discovery of fire.

a) are to

b) will be able to

c) should

1.7. The machine tool which … perform turning is called the lathe.

a) is to

b) might

c) are able to

II. Выберите правильный ответ, обращая внимание на видовременную форму и залог сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык:

2.1. In present day organic chemistry new compounds … daily.

a) are synthesized

b) have been synthesized

c) are being synthesized

2.2. Much time … since the day when the first TV station began to operate.

a) has passed

b) are passing

c) will pass

2.3. Now solar energy and its usage … by a lot of research groups.

a) will be studied

b) are being studied

c) were studied

2.4. An interesting phenomenon in the field of aerodynamic effects … by Russian scientists last year.

a) are being discovered

b) will be discovered

c) was discovered

2.5. Some new flexible lines … at our plant lately.

a) have been worked out

b) are worked out

c) will be worked out

2.6. At 8 o’clock tomorrow we … for a very important experiment.

a) will be preparing

b) shall be preparing

c) shall prepare

2.7. Great deposits of coal … in our region this year.

a) have been discovered

b) had been discovered

c) will be discovered

III. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, затем выполните тест по тексту:

The Microwave Oven

The first microwave oven was very big and heavy. At first, it was used exclusively in restaurants, railroad cars and ocean liners — places where large quantities of food had to be cooked quickly. In fact, it took decades after the invention of the microwave oven for it to be refined to a point where it would be useful to the average consumer.

A large increase in the use of microwave ovens has created a greater need for effective product design for microwave heating which ensures microbiological safety while maintaining product quality.

During conventional heating methods, the primary mechanism of heat transfer is either conduction or convection, depending of the nature of the food. In the microwave foods heat from the generation of heat within the food itself, not from the conduction of heat energy from hot air to the outer layer of the cooler product.

Microwaves penetrate the food and transfer their energy to dipolar or ionic molecules, which are present in all foods. The greater the concentration of dipolar molecules within particular areas in a food product, the faster that area of the product will heat. Some of this heat energy is transferred to cooler areas by conduction or convention, so helping the heating of other cooler areas, i.e. those areas which are less receptive to microwave heating.

The penetration depth of microwave energy depends on how rapidly the microwave energy is absorbed by the food product. If most of the energy is transferred to molecules at the surface of the product, the penetration will be shallow, with the bulk of the food heating mainly by convection or conduction.

ТЕСТ ПО ТЕКСТУ

Выберите правильный ответ и переведите предложения на русский язык:

3.1. At first the microwave oven was used in places where ….

a) there were no gas stoves

b) fast food had to be cooked

c) large quantities of food had to be cooked quickly

3.2. In the microwave foods heat from … .

a) the generation of heat within the food itself

b) the conduction of heat energy from hot air

c) the conduction of heat energy from the outer layer of the cooler product

3.3. Microwaves penetrate the food and … to dipolar or ionic molecules.

a) transfer their heat

b) transfer their energy

c) transfer their oscillation

3.4.The greater the concentration of …, the faster that area of the product will heat.

a) microwaves within particular areas in a food product

b) polar molecules within all areas in a food product

c) dipolar molecules within particular areas in a food product

3.5. The penetration depth of microwave energy depends on … .

a) how rapidly the microwave energy is absorbed by the food product

b) the power of microwave oven

c) the bulk of the food heating

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ НА ГРАММАТИКУ

ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Множественное число существительных с помощью суффикса -s (-es):

1) bag, dog, bird, verb, spoon, room, ring, thing, apple, song, pan

2) tree, pie, cow, lady, teacher, letter, play, city, toy, berry, table.

3) cake, snake, fork, map, lamp, hat, clock, coat, skirt, plant, rat.

4) shelf, leaf, knife, wife, roof, chief, handkerchief.

5) bus, class, glass, dress, piece, slice, horse, house, box, fox, match,

6) bench, brush, bridge, cage, cottage, bush, nose, rose, blouse.

7) man, woman, child, foot, tooth, goose, mouse, ox, deer, sheep.

8) phenomenon, crises, formula, theses, criterion.

Поставьте выделенное существительное во множественное число и сделайте все необходимые изменения:

1) Miss Grey teachers my child French.

2) I see a man and a woman in the park.

3) The map is on the shelf.

4) Alice, will you bring a fork and a knife from the kitchen?

5) Why don’t you eat this potato?

6) I have hurt my foot.

7) Kate has a good friend at school.

8) A yellow leaf has fallen to the ground.

9) He has a new suit.

10) This metal is the best conductor of heat.

11) At the meeting last night, we were listening to a speech.

12) I told the children a fable about a wolf and a fox.

13) The wagon is being pulled by an ox.

14) In science class, we studied a phenomenon of nature.

15) The baby got a new tooth.

Притяжательный падеж существительных

Замените существительные с предлогом of существительными в притяжательном падеже:

1) the title of the book 2) the toys of my children 3) the car of the Millers 4) the hobby of my wife 5) the handbags of these women 6) the life of animals the voice of this girl 8) the letter of Peter 9) the questions of my child 10) the newspaper of last Saturday 11) the umbrella of Professor Jones 12) the photo of her boyfriend 13) the economy of the country 14) the holiday of three weeks

15) the bedroom of my sisters.

Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык, употребляя притяжательный падеж.

1) письмо моего друга, 2) рассказы этого писателя, 3) библиотека института, 4) дочь моей младшей сестры, 5) младшая дочь моей сестры, 6) стены этого старого дома, 7) старые стены этого дома, 8) тридцати минутная задержка, 9) работа на час, 10) вчерашняя газета.

3. Существительное в функции определения

Переведите данные словосочетания на русский язык:

1) nature phenomenon 2) physics laboratory 3) institute physics laboratory

4) gas pressure measurements 5) room temperature 6) institute radio equipment laboratory 7) atomic energy conference 8) the Moscow State Farm Horse Exhibition 9) scientific weather observation 10) a thirty page booklet, 11) the lectures and consultations time-table.

МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ

Личные местоимения

Употребите нужную форму личных местоимений:

1) I often see (they, them) in the bus.

2) She lives near (we, us).

3) (We, us) always walk to school together.

4) He teaches (we, us) English.

5) I always speak to (he, him) in English.

6) She sits near (I, me) during the lesson.

7) What is the matter with (he, him) today?

8) He explains the lesson to (we, us) each morning.

9) There are some letters here for you and (I, me).

10) I know (she, her) and her sister very well.

Притяжательные местоимения

Замените личные местоимения, данные в скобках, соответствующими

притяжательными местоимениями:

1. I have some notebooks and pens in (I) bag.

2. (He) composition is very interesting.

3. Is this (you) child? Yes, it is (we) child.

4) I’ve just seen (you) brother in the café.

5) (We) table is in front of the window.

6) (They) knowledge of English is very poor.

7) (She) friends often visit her.

Неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения и их производные

Заполните пропуски местоимениями some, any, no и их производными.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) He found … new words in this lesson.

2) I didn’t have … stamps, so I went to the post-office to buy … .

3) Did he tell you … about his trip?

4) We have lunch at … time between 1 and 2.

5) It is so dark here. I can’t see … .

6) … student must be in time for classes.

7) I have … in that city.

8) I am going to tell you … interesting.

9) There is … dictionary … on the shelf.

10) … forgot to switch off TV-set.

11) Do we have … milk? – No, we don’t have … , go and buy … please.

12) We had … to eat the whole day and got hungry.

13) … must do their own work.

14) You never ask me … questions. Is everything clear?

15) Take … book you like, Ben.

Внесите исправления в следующие предложения, которые содержат сомнительное отрицание.

1) I don’t need no help.

2) I didn’t see nobody.

3) I can’t never understand him.

4) I didn’t do nothing.

5) I can’t hardly hear the radio. Would you please turn it up?

Количественные местоимения

Заполните пропуски количественными местоимениями: much, many, a lot of, lot’s of, plenty of, a good deal of, a great deal of.

1) I’ve got … friends in this village.

2) There was … snow in the mountains last winter. 3) Don’t hurry. You’ve got … time.

4) It took her … time to clean the room. She works very slowly.

5) I didn’t eat … for breakfast.

6) She is a quiet person. She doesn’t say … .

7) There isn’t … water in the pond today.

Заполните пропуски: few, little, a few, a little.

1) I don’t think Ann would be a good teacher. She’s got … patience

with children. 2) Peter has very … friends in our group.

3) Let us buy some ice-cream, I have … money left.

4) We can’t wait for him because we have too … time.

5) Can you lend me … money?

6) They spent … days in the country and then returned home.

7) Mary works hard at her English. She makes … mistakes in her speech.

ИМЯ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Прочтите даты, количественные числительные, дроби и проценты:

1. in 1914; in 1150; in 1978; in 2001; May 8th 2002; 15th June,1998.

2. 06/07.1799; 22/05.1937; 30/11.1982; 19/08.2000; 03/12.2002.

3. 1,001; 7,945; 100,000; 5,500,565; 1,000,000,000; 3,372,605,978.

4. 1/15; 3/8; 4/7; 9/23; 7 3/40; 4 1/6; 2 1/3; 8 2/8; 17 1/7; 12 3/5.

5. 0.4; 8.56; 0.08; 3.5; 2.34; 26.037; 0.0005; 132.054; 5.37; 6.14.

6. 9%; 65%; 34 ¼ %; 10 ½ %; 33.8%; 0.07%; 95.099%.

ИМЯ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Прочтите даты, количественные числительные, дроби и проценты:

1. in 1914; in 1150; in 1978; in 2001; May 8th 2002; 15th June,1998.

2. 06/07.1799; 22/05.1937; 30/11.1982; 19/08.2000; 03/12.2002.

3. 1,001; 7,945; 100,000; 5,500,565; 1,000,000,000; 3,372,605,978.

4. 1/15; 3/8; 4/7; 9/23; 7 3/40; 4 1/6; 2 1/3; 8 2/8; 17 1/7; 12 3/5.

5. 0.4; 8.56; 0.08; 3.5; 2.34; 26.037; 0.0005; 132.054; 5.37; 6.14.

6. 9%; 65%; 34 ¼ %; 10 ½ %; 33.8%; 0.07%; 95.099%.

Переведите на русский язык порядковые числительные:

1. Второй, двадцатый, тридцать первый, тринадцатый, пятьдесят третий,

2. сто второй, тридцатый, семьдесят шестой, двести сорок пятый, третий,

3. сорок седьмой, сто восемьдесят первый, шестнадцатый, тридцать третий.

ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ

Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных:

Large, short, difficult, good, interesting, nice, busy, happy, little, famous, bad,

beautiful, young, quick, remarkable, high, comfortable, popular, great, hot,

special, late, fast, cold, exciting, low, pleasant, attentive, warm, strong, efficient.

Употребите прилагательные, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1) The opera theatre is one of … buildings in the city. (beautiful)

2) Your English is … now. (good)

3) Which is … day of the year? (long)

4) Mary says this is … film she has seen lately. (interesting)

5) “Come … ,” the teacher said. (near)

6) The Earth is … than the Moon. (big)

7) What is … news? (late)

8) He is the … person you’ve ever met. (amusing)

9) Uncle John was the … son of the family. (old)

10) My brother is much … than myself. (young)

11) The … house is 15 miles away. (near)

12) David was the … of the two brothers. (talented)

13) She felt … yesterday than two days before. (bad)

14) Of the two evils let us choose the … (little)

15) What is the … mountain in the world? (high)

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные сравнительные обороты:

1) The Dnieper is much longer than the Thames.

2) Ann sings far better than Nina.

3) The new method is twice as efficient as the old one.

4) The Baltic Sea is not so warm as the Black Sea.

5) The earlier you get up, the more you can do.

6) We”ll try to translate this article as quick as possible.

7) This carpet is 3 metres wide.

8) The higher we climb a mountain, the colder is the air around us.

9) John knows Russian as well as English.

10) Water is as necessary as air.

11) The better you learn the words, the sooner you will master English.

12) His house is half as much as mine.

13) Today the wind is as strong as it was yesterday.

ГЛАГОЛ – (ACTIVE VOICE)

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Indefinite:

1) We (read) the newspaper in class every day.

2) He always (prepare) his homework carefully.

3) We always (play) tennis on Saturdays.

4) She (speak) several foreign languages.

5) The children (play) in the park every afternoon.

6) Helen (work) very hard.

7) They (take) a lot of trips together.

8) We always (travel) by car.

9) I (eat) lunch in the canteen every day.

10) As a rule he (leave) home at 9 a.m.

Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

Образец: John goes there twice a week.

Does John go there twice a week?

John doesn't go there twice a week.

1) He knows French perfectly.

2) I understand everything he says.

3) She makes mistakes in spelling.

4) They enjoy their English lessons.

5) They live in Kiev.

6) We use our books in class.

7) The plane leaves at ten o'clock.

8) She always comes to class late.

9) I always take the same bus to work.

10) He arrives home early.

Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя вопросительные слова who, what:

Образец: My friend likes music very much.

Who likes music very much?

1) Speech is a kind of vibration.

2) Painting is an ancient art.

3) He collects the paintings of old masters.

4) Every substance is a kind of matter,

5) Metals are the best conductors of heat.

6) The Romans made portraits in stone.

7) We know little about early painters.

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Indefinite:

1) We (work) in our garden all day yesterday.

2) I (listen) to the radio until twelve o'clock last night.

3) He always (want) to learn English.

4) Ann and I (talk) over the telephone yesterday.

5) They (live) in France for many years.

6) The lecture (last) about two hours.

7) I (wait) almost two hours for Helen yesterday.

8) She (study) in our class last semester.

9) We (watch) television until eleven o'clock last night.

10) He (get) an excellent mark for his last test.

Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

Образец:

Не prepared his lesson well.

Did he prepare his lesson well?

He didn't prepare his lesson well.

1) They stayed in Moscow all summer.

2) I wrote the article last week.

3) The crowd waited a long time to see the famous actor.

4) He worked in that Institute for many years.

5) John went away five minutes ago.

6) He entered this class in April.

7) Ann passed all her examinations.

8) The meeting lasted a long time.

9) I told him the answer yesterday.

10) She decided to write a letter to her parents at home.

Образуйте Past Indefinite от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

to build, to think, to go, to see, to give, to meet, to write, to read, to know,

to take, to teach, to feel, to have, to come, to begin, to find, to get, to be, to say,

to tell, to put, to leave, to do, to sing, to stand, to hear, to speak.

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Future Indefinite:

1) Helen (find) the book which you need.

2) They (see) us tomorrow.

3) I (finish) the work in April.

4) The shops (close) at noon today.

5) We (arrive) at three o'clock.

6) She (tell) you all about it.

7) We (spend) two months in the South.

8) The plant (die) because of lack of sunshine.

9) The meeting (begin) at eight o'clock.

10) The film (last) an hour.

Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

Образец: They will arrive at three o'clock.

Will they arrive at three o'clock?

They won’t arrive at three o'clock.

1) They will return in October.

2) He will be able to meet us later.

3) Our drama society will present a new play this year. 4) The lesson will be over at twelve o'clock.

5) There will be three new students in the class.

6) She will leave a message on the table for him.

7) They will write to us on Wednesday.

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках в Present Сontinuous Образец: They (wait) for us on the corner now.

They are waiting for us on the corner now.

1) I see that you (wear) your new suit today.

2) Listen! Someone (knock) at the door.

3) The bus (stop) for us now.

4) Please, be quiet! The baby (sleep).

5) The leaves (begin) to fall from the trees.

6) John (have) lunch in the canteen now.

7) Listen! I think the telephone (ring).

8) You can’t talk to him. He (have) dinner now.

9) My mother (cook) a meal.

10) The lecturer (explain) some new material now.

Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

Образец: They are working.

Are they working?

They aren't working.

1) He is looking for the book which he lost.

2) The sky is getting very dark.

3) They are laughing at what you said.

4) They are travelling in Europe at present.

5) Helen is taking dancing lessons at the country club.

6) Ann is doing well in her studies at present.

7) The cat is running along the wall.

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Continuous:

Образец:

It (rain) when I left home.

It was raining when I left home.

1) When you telephoned, I (have) dinner.

2) The baby (sleep) soundly when I went to wake him.

3) She (talk) with Mr. Smith when I saw her in the hall.

4) The accident happened while they (travel) in the South.

5) When I got up this morning, the sun (shine) brightly.

6) At seven o'clock, when you telephoned, I (read) the newspaper.

7) Mary (play) the piano when I arrived.

8) Helen fell just as she (get) off the bus.

9) The wind (blow) hard when I came to work this morning.

10) The fire (burn) still when the fire-brigade arrived.

Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах: Образец: They were playing all day.

Were they playing all day?

They weren’t playing all day.

1) It was snowing all day yesterday.

2) They were doing their homework when I came to see them.

3) They were cleaning this flat all morning.

4) She burnt her hand when she was cooking dinner.

5) He was looking through my papers when I entered the room.

6) Ted was walking along the beach when he heard a shot somewhere.

7) We were having dinner when our uncle came.

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Future Continuous:

Образец: At ten o'clock tomorrow morning she (have) her music lesson.

At ten o'clock tomorrow morning she will be having her music lesson.

1) I (wait) on the corner for you at the usual time tomorrow morning.

2) It probably (rain) when you get back.

3) If you come before six, I (work) in my garden.

4) At this time tomorrow afternoon I (take) my final English examination.

5) I (work) at six o’clock tomorrow.

6) At this time next year he (study) at the university.

7) This time on Friday I (fly) to London.

Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1) The birds will be going South in a couple of days.

2) I’ll be waiting for you. Come back.

3) Now he will be looking for a new job.

4) It’ll be getting dark in an hour or so.

5) Night after night he’ll be sitting in that empty room all alone.

6) This time on Sunday I’ll be waiting for his call.

7) Stella will be watching TV all day long again.

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Perfect. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) I (speak) to him about it several times.

2) We (learn) many new words in this course.

3) He (make) that same mistake several time.

4) I (hear) that story before.

5) I am afraid that I (lose) my car keys.

6) She (see) this film three times.

7) I (tell) John what you said.

8) She (return) my book at last.

9) She says that she (lose) her new pocket-book.

10) I just (mention) it. Please be more attentive.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, используя since, for.

Образец: a) I saw Tom last on his wedding day.

I haven’t seen Tom since his wedding day.

b) It’s three years since I wrote her a letter.

I haven’t written her a letter for three years.

1) It’s ten years since I last was in Paris.

2) I last smoked three years ago.

3) He last drunk wine at his wife’s birthday.

4) He last ate caviar when he was in Russia.

5) I was last abroad in winter 1983.

6) My father last took photographs in summer.

7) It’s ages since I last had a good night’s sleep.

8) It’s years since Tony last spoke Chinese.

9) It’s a year since I had my last holiday.

10) They last paid me six month ago.

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Perfect.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) I was sure that I (see) the man before.

2) I asked him why he (leave) the party so early.

3) It was clear that he (give) us the wrong address.

4) The teacher corrected the exercises which I (prepare).

5) He knew that he (make) a serious mistake.

6) She said she (look) everywhere for the book.

7) I felt that I (meet) the man somewhere before.

8) He wanted to know what (happen) to his briefcase.

9) The whole family had gone to bed when Tony returned.

10) We had hardly left home when it began to rain heavily.

Упoтребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Future Perfect.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) I am sure they (complete) the new road by June.

2) He says that before he leaves he (see) every show in town.

3) By the time you arrive, I (finish) reading your book.

4) I (be) in this country two years on next January.

5) A year from now he (take) his medical examinations and (begin) to practice.

6) If you don't make a note of that appointment, you (forget) it by next week.

7) By that time he (get) your letter, don’t phone him.

8) By ten they (go), come earlier, if you can.

9) He (guess) the crossword puzzle by the time the boss comes back.

10) Tom (order) everything when we come to the restaurant.

Замените утвердительную форму следующих предложений группы Perfect на вопросительную и отрицательную.

1) Не has told her all about his travel.

2) I had passed my exams when my parents returned from business trip.

3) They have been friends for years.

4) By the time he leaves home, we shall have come to the station.

5) We are sure that he will have kept his promise.

6) She told us that she had not finished her report yet.

7) He has been the best student in the class.

8) She said she had had her lunch.

9) By the end of the week we shall already have translated this book.

10) They have been absent from class all week.

Употре6ите сказуемое в следующих предложениях в Present Perfect Continuous.

Переведите предложения на русский язык:

Образец: Не has worked at the plant for many years.

He has been working at the plant for many years

Он работает на этом заводе в течение многих лет.

1) They have talked for more than an hour.

2) She has taught English for ten years.

3) He has done very little work recently.

4) They have argued about that for more than two hours.

5) They have lived in Moscow since 1953.

6) We have used this textbook since January.

7) They have travelled all over Europe.

Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной в отрицательной формах:

Образец: She has been feeling well recently.

Has she been feeling well recently?

She has not been feeling well recently.

1) She has been teaching there many years. 2) They have been waiting here a long time.

3) She has been taking music lessons many years.

4) They have been discussing the matter all day long.

5) You have been studying English a long time.

6) It has been raining like this for an hour.

7) He has been working for that firm for ten years.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, используя since, for.

Образец: а) They are working here. (Monday)

They have been working here since Monday.

b) He is waiting for us. (half an hour)

He has been waiting for us for half an hour.

1) She is writing a test. (twelve o’clock).

2) Tom is walking his dog. (fifteen minutes).

3) Bill is making film. (he left college).

4) Linda is traveling around Europe. (June).

5) He is working hard. (he entered the University).

6) Tony is watching TV. (two hours).

7) Gerald is checking his notes. (eleven o’clock).

Переведите предложения на русский язык и прокомментируйте употребление Past Perfect Continuous.

1) We felt very tired when we came home because we had been walking in the rain for a long time.

2) Mark tried to stop Helen, who had been talking for the last ten minutes.

3) How long had you been waiting before he came?

4) Kate rose from the arm-chair in which she had been sitting.

5) She had been learning French for five years before she could speak fluently.

6) David saw that Mary had been weeping, but didn’t say anything.

7) It had been raining for two hours already when we left home.

Переведите предложения на русский язык и прокомментируйте употребление Future Perfect Continuous.

1) They will have been working for five hours already when we came to them.

2) By the first of June he’ll have been working here for 14 years.

3) They will have been trying to solve this problem for two years by 1994.

4) She’ll have been writing an essay since 8 o’clock when her friends come.

5) She’ll have been talking for 2 hours already. I want to use the phone, too.

6) The students will have been answering for a whole hour already by 12 o’clock.

7) Someone will have been playing the piano for three hours. When are they going to stop?

ГЛАГОЛ

Поставьте глагол-сказуемое во все временные формы страдательного залога.

a) The text is translated by the student.

b) The letter is written in English.

Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную форму данных предложений. Прочитайте и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Sochi Festivals of Songs are attended by a lot of people.

2) I heard the game was lost by the Dynamo team yesterday.

3) "Were the letters signed yesterday?" - "No, they were not"

4) I believe the hockey match is being shown on TV now.

5) The new skyscraper is being made of glass and steel.

6) The factory was still being built, when we came to live there.

7) His last book has just been published.

8) The plan has been changed, hasn't it?

9) His new novel is much talked about, isn't it?

10) I wonder why he is always laughed at.

11) Those papers haven't been looked through yet.

12) It is expected that they will do everything possible to help him.

Замените действительный залог страдательным и переведите предложения на русский язык.

Образец: They developed a new method of teaching.

A new method of teaching was developed by them.

Новый метод обучения был разработан ими.

1) The audience enjoyed the concert very much.

2) The little boy ate the cake.

3) The teacher corrects our exercises at home.

4) They started a dancing class last week.

5) Everybody will see this film soon.

6) The teacher returned our written works to us.

7) Mr. Parker will leave the tickets at the box-office.

8) The students translate texts during English lessons.

9) Mary took that book from the desk.

10) Nobody has ever spoken to him like that.

11) When I came, they were still asking questions.

12) The painter will finish his picture soon.

13) They allowed the children to go to the zoo.

14) The workmen are repairing the road.

15) As we were passing their garden, he was watering the flowers.

ГЛАГОЛ “TO HAVE”

1. Определите, является ли глагол to have:

a) смысловым

б) модальным

в) вспомогательным для образования времен

1) It has been a hard day.

2) The children had to stay indoors because it was raining.

3) My father has a farm in the North of Scotland.

4) You will have to work hard to finish the work in time.

5) Have they a car? – No, they haven’t bought one yet.

6) We had ten minutes before she had to leave for work.

7) You don’t have to worry.

8) It has been raining since morning.

9) I didn’t have enough money to buy the coat.

10) Jane has got a good voice.

12) What am I to do?

13) Sunday is my day off.

14) My mother was 40 yesterday.

15) Have you ever been in trouble?

ГЛАГОЛ “TO BE”

Определите, является ли глагол to be:

а) смысловым

б) связкой в составном именном сказуемом

в) модальным

г) вспомогательным для образования времен

1) It’s six o’clock. He is at home at this time.

2) She is too young to understand it.

3) The whole country is going on strike.

4) The new film is to be on at our cinema next week.

5) He is taking his exam tomorrow.

6) The football match will be shown on TV.

7) The door was open.

8) She is to return on Saturday.

9) It was a nasty day.

10) I was surprised that there was so little traffic in the streets.

11) Sentence 5 is on page 15

ГЛАГОЛ “TO DO”

Определите, является ли глагол to do:

а) смысловым

б) вспомогательным

в) глаголом-усилителем

г) глаголом-заместителем

1) Do you go to see your friends very often?

2) The young scientist did make the experiment successfully.

3) She did her exercise without any mistakes.

4) They usually study English every day. So does he.

5) She doesn’t watch TV in the afternoon.

6) We asked the typist not to omit the sentence, but she did omit it.

7) “Do you always have breakfast at home?”- “No, I don’t.”

8) I always do my morning exercises.

9) “Do repeat these rules,” I said to a friend of mine.

10) Peter made much more efforts to pass the exam than I did.

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ И ИХ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ

Определите значение модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1) Carol can speak three foreign languages.

2) Could I use your car tonight?

3) Can he still be at the office?

4) It can't be true.

5) May I have my test on Tuesday?

6) I shall be able to help you when I’m free.

7) It may be still raining.

8) He might be sick. He ate far too much last night.

9) He will be allowed to take a book.

10) You must tell me the truth.

11) It's 7 o'clock, they must be at home now.

12) Somebody has to take the responsibility for the accident.

13) He had to earn his living when he was 15.

14) Students should be well prepared for every class.

15) Teenagers shouldn't drink alcohol.

16) You should stop driving so fast.

17) Parents ought to take care of their small children.

Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами can, could, may, must, might, to be able, to be allowed, should, ought to:

1. Steve ... speak English, French and Italian.

2. You... ask him to help with the translation.

3. Mr. Smith ... be in his office now. You... call him.

4. I ask you a question? — Of course, you ....

5. The students … do their homework regularly.

6. Is there anything I... do for you?

7. 7) Take your umbrella with you, it... rain today.

8. we take pictures in the museum? — No, you... not.

9. You …be more attentive at the lessons.

10. In Britain you not... drive a car until you are seventeen.

11. You … to take part in the competition next year.

12. If you prepare for the exam, you... to take it in September.

13. You … do this important work quickly.

14. Nobody … to understand this mysterious phenomenon.

15. In future we …to use solar energy more effectively.

Замените эквивалент соответствующим модальным глаголом a) must; b) could; c) may; d) might;

из данных ниже:

1) They are allowed to replace the old equipment.

2) They have to replace the old equipment.

3) They were able to replace the old equipment.

4) He has to translate this text.

5) He was able to translate this text.

Вставьте по смыслу mustn’t или needn' t:

1) You ... clean the room today, you can do it tomorrow morning.

2) We have a lot of food at home so we ... go shopping today.

3) You... shout, I'm not deaf.

4) Must I come on Saturday? — No, you ... .

5) This book is very valuable, you ... lose it.

6) You ... eat the salad if you don't like it.

7) You... tell anybody what I said.

8) You... cross the street when the red light is on.

9) Must I type these letters today? — No, you ... .

10) You ... remind her about the meeting. I warned her yesterday.

Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами must, to have to или to be to:

1) The train... arrive in five minutes, we... hurry up.

2) If he doesn't meet you at the station you... take a taxi.

3) They... be here an hour ago.

4) I... go to the library after classes because I... make a report tomorrow.

5) I don't think you... wait long.

6) They... marry early in June, so they... stay in Moscow.

7) She... clean her shoes after working in the garden.

8) The lecture ... begin in a minute.

9) You...be tired, you may have a little rest.

10) I... answer a lot of questions at the examination.

НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА

Инфинитив

Переведите следующие предложения и определите функцию и форму инфинитива:

1) To walk in bad weather is not pleasant.

2) Our task is to master English.

3) I have come here to help you.

4) Some students of our Institute have been sent abroad to study English.

5) This is a good place to work in.

6) We knew the test to have been made.

7) They hope to be sent to the conference.

8) The work to be done here will take much time. 9) Helen opened the door to look into the room.

10) To enter this University requires a lot of hard work.

11) You may stay here.

12) To have met him was an event in my life.

13) The problem to be discussed at our meeting is very important.

14) I shall go for a walk after classes.

15) Mary was asked to look after the child.

Причастие

Переведите следующие предложения и определите функцию и форму причастия:

1) He is looking for the book which he lost.

2) The street leading to our house is very wide.

3) Having read the article I do not need it any longer.

4) Cities and towns destroyed during the war, were built a new.

5) Having been built two centuries ago, the house has no lift.

6) It was clear that he had given us the wrong address.

7) He speaks like a man having his opinion of every thing.

8) Walking in the park, he met his old friend.

9) The cars now being produced at out plants are very good.

10) Sometimes he is sent to New York on business.

11) When asked he brought the papers at once.

12) The machine designed by him will help us greatly.

13) He is a leading scientist in this field.

14) Given the task he began to work.

15) The lecture was attended by many people.

Герундий

Переведите следующие предложения и определите функцию герундия:

1) Swimming in bad weather is not pleasant. 2) We discussed opening a new business.

3) There stands a reading lamp on the table.

4) Instead of going home he went to the movies.

5) I shall never forget taking that examination.

6) There are several ways of producing electricity.

7) On coming home I took a bath.

8) Thank you for coming.

9) Seeing and believing are different things.

10) He left the room without saying a word.

11)Do you mind my staying here?

12) They went on talking.

13) This scientist achieved great results by working hard at the problem.

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на форму герундия:

1) She thanked him for having helped her.

2) We remember having been told about the different points of view on this theory.

3) I remember having obtained these data in our previous experiments.

4) We have been sent here for mastering English.

5) I’m sorry for having missed your lecture.

6) This TV-set wants being repaired.

7) I don’t like being read to.

Определите являются ли выделенные слова – причастием, отглагольным существительным или герундием.

1) Knowing English well he translated the article without a dictionary.

2) He took part in the sittings of the Committee.

3) She is looking at the woman sitting at the window.

4) After saying this he left the room.

5) Have you any reason for saying such things?

6) The reading of this book took two hours.

7) He sat in the arm-chair reading a newspaper.

8) My little son shows his enjoyment by crying.

9) The crying child was comforted by his nurse.

10) She stopped crying, looked up, said nothing.

СИНТАКСИС

ОБОРОТ THERE IS / THERE ARE

Заполните пропуски оборотом there is (are) . Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) … a new moon tonight.

2) … someone at the door.

3) … a lot of students absent today.

4) … any lectures yesterday? No, … .

5) … two large windows in the room.

6) But … only one door.

7) … a lot of English classes in our school.

8) … nobody in the room now.

9) … a conference next week.

10) … twelvemonths in a year.

11) … much work last week.

12) … a letter for you on the table.

13) … any telegrams from Moscow? Yes, … some.

14) … three lamps in the room.

15) … a lamp over the table? No, … .

Поставьте к предложениям общие и специальные вопросы, используя при необходимости неопределенное местоимение any, а также употребите предложение в отрицательной форме:

Образец: There is a flag on the top of the building.

Is there a flag on the top of the building?

What is there on the top of the building?

There isn’t a flag on the top of the building

1. There is a tea-pot on the table. 2) There are some flowers in the vase.

2. There is somebody in the garden.

3. There are some mistakes in your test.

4. There are six continents in the world.

5. There were many old houses in our street.

6. There is some coffee in the cup.

7. There are more than ten sentences in each exercise.

8. There will be a holiday in two days.

КОНСТРУКЦИИ С ИНФИНИТИВОМ

ОБЪЕКТНЫЙ ИНФИНИТИВНЫЙ ОБОРОТ

(Сложное дополнение - Complex Object)

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение:

A.

1) I felt somebody touch my hand.

2) We saw the car turn round the corner.

3) I heard somebody mention his name.

4) They watch him walk up the hill.

5) Nobody noticed him disappear.

B.

1) She wanted them to read that book.

2) He would like me to go with him to the theatre.

3) Every mother wishes her child to be talented.

4) I want the matter to be settled quickly.

5) I’d like my husband to get a new job.

C.

1) We consider him to be the best pupil of our school.

2) They expected me to solve all problems.

3) We believe our basketball team to win next game.

4) I think his age to be a point in his favour.

5) We expect this statement to be true.

D.

1) She always thought him to be right.

2) I found the whole situation to be rather embarrassing.

3) Everybody knows matter to consist of small particles called atoms.

4) I think this question to be too difficult for me to answer.

5) We know him to be nominated for the chairman of the conference.

E.

1) She made me do it all over again.

2) Our English teacher makes us learn the words for every lesson.

3) I could not get him to review the whole material.

4) Friction caused the machine stop.

5) I’m going to have my daughter taught music.

F.

1) The teacher allowed us to use dictionaries.

2) That is too heavy for one person to carry, let me help you.

3) We asked the engineer to show us radio instrument.

4) Please let me know the results of your exam as soon as possible.

5) Her father doesn’t allow her to go to the cinema alone.

Вставьте частицу to где необходимо.

1) Oh, you made me … start.

2) I heard someone … breathe heavily in the darkness.

3) Here are some dresses I’d like you … iron.

4) Please let me … take your car for the night.

5) I don’t want my aunt … be left alone.

6) The doctor doesn’t let her … get up. He says she’s too weak yet.

7) Millie had never heard her husband … speak about his youth.

8) I want you … tell me about your adventure.

9) Mr. Lascar gave him a meaningful look which made him … shiver.

10) She watched him … go away.

СУБЪЕКТНЫЙ ИНФИНИТИВНЫЙ ОБОРОТ

(Сложное подлежащее – Complex Subject)

Переведите предложения с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом, обращая внимание на формы инфинитива:

A

1) Tsiolkovsky is known to have developed the theory of rocket flying.

2) The experiment was supposed to have been completed.

3) Electric current is known to flow in metal parts.

4) The solution of this problem is said not to be easy.

5) The building is reported to have been damaged by fire.

B.

1) The match proved to be final.

2) The new approach to the problem appears to be the most satisfactory.

3) The laser beam seems to have almost unlimited industrial possibilities.

4) She didn’t seem to have heard what I said.

5) He turned out to be a good chess-player.

C.

1) The application of this device is certain to give better results.

2) He is likely to be given this work.

3) This important problem is sure to be settled very soon.

4) We are not likely to meet often.

5) We are sure to learn of it.

D.

1) They were ordered to leave the hall.

2) The singer was asked to repeat the song.

3) He was made to put on his coat.

4) She was allowed to walk Sunday afternoons.

5) The child was forced to drink some of the medicine.

Замените сложноподчиненные предложения простыми, употребив сложное подлежащее:

Образец: It is considered that the program of experiments has been approved.

The program of experiments is considered to have been approved.

1) It is said that the delegation has arrived.

2) It is believed that the weather will change.

3) It seems that he has many difficulties in his work.

4) It is expected that he is working at this problem.

5) It is said that the solution of this problem is not easy.

6) It is believed that the flight was completed yesterday.

7) It is supposed that he has completed his research.

8) It is reported that our football team has won the match.

9) It is turned out that he hasn’t yet married.

10) It is known that P.N. Yablochkov invented the “Russian light”.

ПРЕДЛОЖНЫЙ ИНФИНИТИВНЫЙ ОБОРОТ

(for + существительное или местоимение + инфинитив)

Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на предложный инфинитивный комплекс:

1) Everybody waited for the meeting to start.

2) The singer was asked to repeat the song.

3) It was late for us to begin discussing this question.

4) It won’t be too difficult for you to write the letter in English.

4) This question is for Mr. Smith to decide.

5) The most difficult thing for him to do was to attend lectures on history.

6) It was important for us to solve this problem as soon as possible.

7) Everybody waited for the new data of the test to be published.

8) This theorem was for you to prove.

9) The children waited for the teacher to come.

10) These are the books for you to read in summer.

КОНСТРУКЦИИ С ПРИЧАСТИЕМ

ЗАВИСИМЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:

1) Inspecting the motor, the engineer made some valuable remarks.

2) Having done a number of operations, the machine stopped automatically.

3) Translating the article, the student used some dictionaries.

4) After the teacher had explained the new grammar rule, he asked the students to do some written exercises.

5) Having received your message, I answered it at once.

6) When the engineer tested the engine, he applied new methods.

НЕЗАВИСИМЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ

(Absolute Participial Construction)

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на независимый причастный оборот:

1) It being warm, the children went for a walk.

2) The students wrote their English test-paper, each doing his variant.

3) My father being very ill, I had to send for the doctor.

4) The text was not difficult, many words having been learned before.

5) It being very late, we had to return home.

6) There being no more questions to be discussed at the meeting, the chairman declared it closed.

7) The concert was followed by a dance, many people staying for it.

8) The weather permitting, we shall start tomorrow.

9) With the temperature falling rapidly and the wind getting stronger, we were not able to carry on scientific investigations.

10) The article being ready, I shall show it to you.

Закончите предложения, выбрав из правой колонки подходящие по смыслу части.

1) The conference being over, 2) Time permitting, 3) It being very early, 4) The article being very interesting, 5)The students having written the test well, 6) It raining hard, 7) Her knowledge of English being insufficient,

a. she could not understand the article. b. I stayed at the library to read it. c. we shall discuss some more questions. d. we didn’t go to the country. e. everybody went home. f. there were few people in the street. g. the teacher gave him an excellent mark.

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

(Sequence of Tenses)

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужной временной форме, соблюдая правило согласования времен:

1) They promised that they (to bring) us all the necessary books.

2) I think it all happened soon after the meeting (to end).

3) He said that he (can) not do it without my help.

4) I hoped he (to come).

5) The boy did not know that water (to boil) at 100 degrees.

6) I was told that the secretary just (to go out) and (to come back) in an hour.

7) We were afraid that she not (to be able) to finish her work in time.

8) It was decided that we (to start) our work at four o’clock.

9) I promise I (to return) the book by Saturday.

10) I thought you (to be born) in 1970.

Поставьте сказуемое в главном предложении в прошедшее время, сделав все необходимые изменения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) I know that he will pass his examination successfully.

2) We know that they are working at the laboratory now.

3) She knows that they will not change their decision. 4) I know that she received a telegram yesterday.

5) Her friend says that she works at a factory.

6) The students know that they will have a lecture tomorrow.

7) The lecturer says that much has been done to develop TV in our country.

КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ

Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную:

1) The teacher said: “You will have your exam next week”

2) The doctor said: “The patient has already been operated on.”

3) She said: “I know nothing about this man.”

4) My mother said to me: “I feel very tired, and I have a headache.”

5) He said: “I have eaten nothing for two days.”

6) Ann said: “I am very busy, I am preparing for my exam now.”

7) Mary said: “I don’t want to wear my old dress.”

Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную, обращая внимание на общие и специальные вопросы:

1) I asked the old gentleman: “Are you feeling tired?”

2) He asked the secretary: “Has the postman been yet?”

3) Henry’s father asked his son: “Do you want to be an engineer or a doctor?”

4) A man stopped me in the street and asked: “Have you got a match?”

5) I asked Peter: “Are you going to play football on Friday or on Saturday?”

b)

1) Mary’s mother asked her: “Where have you put your shoes?”

2) I asked her: “Who gave you that watch?”

3) The little boy asked his father: “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?”

4) I asked him: “Who are you looking at?”

5) I asked my friend: “When did you learn to swim?”

Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную, обращая внимания на приказания и просьбы:

1) “Wait for me at the bridge,” said the young man.

2) “Don’t make a sound,” he said in a whisper.

3) “Please don’t leave the gate open,” the farmer said to visitors. 4) “Return before it gets dark,” said his mother.

5) “Don’t go near the water, children,” she said.

ПОВЕЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ

(Imperative Mood)

Выразите просьбу:

Образец 1: Ask (tell) John to shut the door.

John, shut the door, please.

1) Ask Bob to give you a call after five.

2) Tell Nelly to take the book from the library.

3) Ask Peter to buy some bread on his way home.

4) Tell Olga to lay the table for three.

5) Ask Helen to type these papers today.

Образец 2: Ask (tell) John not to shut she door.

John, don’t shut the door, please.

1) Ask Nick not to speak so loudly.

2) Tell Ann not to read at lunch.

3) Ask Janet not to waste money on sweets.

4) Tell Susie not to come home so late.

5) Tell Kate not to send him a telegram.

Переведите предложения с глаголом LET.

1) Let us go to the theatre.

2) Let them do it.

3) Let the man listen to what I say.

4) Don’t let us take part in this competition.

5) Don’t let him go in there.

СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ

(Subjunctive Mood)

Переведите предложения в сослагательном наклонении на русский язык.

1. It was extremely important that he should go there at once.

2. I should like to listen to your playing the piano.

3. It would be very comfortable to stay at this hotel.

4. It is necessary that the car should be repaired in time.

5. Harris proposed that we should have eggs for breakfast.

6. The doctor recommended that the patient should stay in bed for 2 days.

7. The engineer insisted that the new system should be introduced as soon as possible.

8. I’ll put down your address lest I should forget it.

9. The man spoke as though he were an expert in that line.

10. They spoke before her as if she were not here.

11. Don’t pay attention to Mike whatever he might do.

12. I wish I knew what is wrong with my car.

13. You must learn all driving rules so that you could drive a car properly.

14. She wished she had stayed at home.

15. She closed the window lest the children should catch cold.

16. I wish he would come home earlier.

17. I wish I had not told you about it.

УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

(Conditional sentences)

I TYPE

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1) If the weather is fine tomorrow, we’ll go to the country.

2) They won’t return in time unless they hurry.

3) If you interrupt again, you will have to go outside.

4) If I promise to give you the letter, will you come back?

5) We applied the new method if conditions were favourable.

6) If you see Dave tomorrow, tell him I’d like to have a word with him.

7) You won’t be forgiven unless you return the money you have taken.

8) What will he do if he doesn’t get their answer?

9) If they don’t come to our party, we’ll be upset.

10) If they want to come, there’s nothing we can do.

Закончите условные предложения, выбрав из правой колонки подходящие по смыслу части.

1. Ben will post the letter … 2. You can get in … 3. She’ll lose weight … 4. I’ll have a word with Jane … 5. You’ll need a visa … 6. I won’t object … 7. Tony will answer the phone … 8. Maria will get some money … 9. I’ll buy a new car … 10. He won’t take the money …

a. … if you don’t have a ticket. b. … if I get this job. c. … if she goes to the bank. d. … if you are going to America. e. … if you press it on him. f. … if she is at home. g. … if you ask him. h. … if she goes on with her diet. i. … if he is at home. j. … if you try and help me.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения.

Образец: Say that again and we’ll quarrel.

If you say that again, we'll quarrel.

1 ) Go to the doctor and he will help you.

2) Take a taxi and we'll be there in time.

3) Listen to me and you will understand everything.

4) Turn over the page and you'll see that picture.

5) Come late once more and you'll be fired.

6) Follow the instructions and you won't get lost.

7) Buy all those things and you'll have no money left.

Заполните пропуски союзами IF или UNLESS.

1 ) You'll never pass your driving test ... you don't work harder.

2) You won't pass your test... you drive more carefully.

3) We won't go to the beach tomorrow ... it is raining.

4) We'll go to the beach tomorrow ... it is raining.

5) We will go to the beach tomorrow ... it isn't raining.

6) ... we hurry, we'll miss the train.

7) ... we don't hurry, we'll miss the train.

8) We'll catch the train ... we hurry.

II TYPE

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 . If I knew his address, I'd write him.

2. He could play the piano better if he tried.

3. If we received that letter tomorrow, we would answer immediately.

4. If he were here, he would answer your question.

5. If I were you, I wouldn't dare to argue.

6. He would certainly agree if he were in your place.

6. He would certainly agree if he were in your place.

7. Nobody would say he is an American but for his accent.

9. You might find him in the library if you went there now.

10. Unless they offered more, I wouldn't accept the job.

11. But for the atmosphere no life would be possible on the Earth.

12. If it were not for my headache, I’d be quite fine.

Закончите условные предложения, выбрав из правой колонки подходящие по смыслу части.

1. Many people would be out of work … 2. She would understand everything ... 3. He wouldn't get much money for his car... 4. What would you buy ... 5. You'd feel better ... 6. I wouldn't argue… 7. Would you buy this flat... 8. I would be grateful ... 9. I would listen to the elders' advice ... 10. What would you say to her...

a. ... if you won a lot of money? b.... if he sold it. c. ... if you helped me with this problem. d. ... if I were you. e. ... if you explained the situation f. ... if I wasn't absolutely sure I was right. g. ... if this factory closed down. h. ... if you were offered this job? i. ... if you stopped smoking. j. ... if you had enough money?

Перефразируйте следующие предложения.

А

Образец: The weather isn't warm today. We won't go hiking.

If the weather were/was warm today, we would go hiking.

1 . He doesn't know us well. He won't invite us.

2. We don't like chicken. We won't buy it.

3. I'm not cold. I won't put on a sweater.

4. She doesn't like coffee. She never buys it. He doesn't try to save money.

5. He won't travel in summer.

6. I have no appetite. I won't take more meat.

7. Mary doesn't earn much. She doesn't buy anything new.

B

Образец: He knows the town very well. He often shows strangers about it.

If he didn't know the town so well, he wouldn't show strangers about it.

1. The weather is nasty. We'll stay indoors.

2. He earns a lot of money. He travels a lot.

3. Bell has got a lot of free time. She watches TV three hours a day.

4. Chris lives far from his office. He gets up very early.

5 . I think the play will be interesting. I'll go to the theatre.

6. The plant is going to close down. Many people will be out of work.

7. The road is repaired. It will take us less time to get home.

III TYPE

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 ) If he had put on a warm coat yesterday, he would not have caught cold.

2) If I had seen him yesterday, I'd have given him a piece of my mind.

3) If he had realized the danger, he would have run away.

4) We could have gone home earlier if it hadn’t been for the rain.

5) If George had gone to the party last night, he would've seen Ann there.

6) Unless you had studied film history, you'd never have passed that test!

7) We wouldn't have chosen this tour unless it had been escorted.

8) Matthew wouldn't have left the children alone for too long if it hadn't been so necessary to see the doctor.

9) You might have seen him yesterday provided you had called at seven.

10) Would you have gone to Rio if you had known it was going to be so hot there?

11) If it hadn’t been for Jane’s letter, we would never have learnt the truth.

Закончите условные предложения, выбрав из правой колонки подходящие по смыслу части.

1. I'd have gone to see you ... 2. The accident wouldn't have happened… 3. I would've phoned him yesterday ... 4. I'd have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday ... 5. I wouldn't have fallen off... 6. She would have bought that necklace ... 7. You wouldn't have left your tickets ...

a. ... if I had known your address. b. ... if she had had enough money on her. c. ... if someone had been holding that ladder! d. ... if I had known that he was expecting my call. e. ... if I had known you were ill. f. ... if he hadn't been in such a hurry. g. ... if the driver in front hadn't stopped so suddenly.

Измените следующие предложения по образцу.

Образец: If it didn't rain, we'd go for a walk. (yesterday)

If it hadn't rained yesterday, we'd have gone for a walk.

1. They would come if you invited them. (yesterday night)

2. If you weren't so careless, you wouldn't make such a foolish mistake. (then).

3. If they were present, we would discuss it with them. (last Monday)

4. If it were sunny, we'd go to the beach. (the day before)

5. If she were ready, she would take her exam. (last week).

6. If Gerry weren't so busy, I'd ask him to help me. (in the morning).

7. If you had a spare ticket, I'd see the performance. (yesterday).

8. If I knew English better, I'd work as an interpreter. (then)

9. If I had time, I'd go shopping with you. (yesterday).

10. He would fill in that form if he didn't forget about it. (at the airport).

Инверсия в придаточных условных предложениях

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Had he been really interested in the problem, he would have read all those books.

2. Could he deal with the matter, it would guarantee success.

3. Had we known all those facts before, we should have written you about them long ago.

4. Were he here now, he would tell us many interesting stories about his trip.

5. Should she come, let her wait a little.

6. Had I realized that the traffic lights were red, I would have stopped.

7. Had I such an opportunity, I should use it.

8. Should the secretary bring the papers, the manager would sign them.

9. Could they have introduced these safety devices, they wouldn’t have had any troubles with the equipment.

10. Were there no electricity, people would live without electric device.

3. Критерии оценивания

3.3. Критерии оценивания

1.Содержание и объем материала, подлежащего проверке, оп­ределяется программой. При проверке усвоения материала нужно выявлять полноту, прочность усвоения обучающимися теории и умения применять ее на практике в знакомых и незнакомых ситуациях.

2. Основными формами проверки знаний и умений обучающихся по иностранному языку

являются письменная контрольная работа, самостоятельная работа, тестирование,

устный опрос.

3. При оценке письменных и устных ответов преподаватель в первую очередь учитывает показанные обучающимися знания и умения. Оценка зависит также от наличия и характера погрешностей, допущенных обучающимися.

Среди погрешностей выделяются ошибки и недочеты. Погрешность считается ошибкой, если она свидетельствует о том, что обучающийся не овладел основными знаниями, умениями, ука­занными в программе.

К недочетам относятся погрешности, свидетельствующие о недостаточно полном или недостаточно прочном усвоении основных знаний и умений или об отсутствии знаний, не считающихся в про­грамме основными. Недочетами также считаются: погрешности, ко­торые не привели к искажению смысла полученного обучающимся зада­ния или способа его выполнения; неаккуратная запись.

Граница между ошибками и недочетами является в некоторой степени условной. При одних обстоятельствах допущенная обучающимися погрешность может рассматриваться преподавателем как ошибка, в другое время и при других обстоятельствах — как недочет.

4. Задания для устного и письменного опроса обучающихся со­стоят из теоретических вопросов и задач.

Ответ на теоретический вопрос считается безупречным, если по своему содержанию полностью соответствует вопросу, содержит все необходимые теоретические факты и обоснованные выводы, а его изложение и письменная запись грамматически и лексически грамотны и от­личаются последовательностью и аккуратностью.

5. Оценка ответа обучающегося при устном и письменном опросе проводится по пятибалльной системе, т. е. за ответ выставляется одна из отметок: 1 (плохо), 2 (неудовлетворительно), 3 (удов­летворительно), 4 (хорошо), 5 (отлично).

Критерии ошибок

                       К    г р у б ы м    ошибкам относятся ошибки, которые обнаруживают незнание обучающимися грамматических правил, правил построения предложений, неправильного использования времен, незнания времен и различных грамматических конструкций, незнание написания несложных слов, неправильная интерпретация текста, непонимание текста, непонимание заданий.

       К    н е г р у б ы м   ошибкам относятся различные орфографические ошибки в сложных словах.

        К    н е д о ч е т а м    относятся:  опечатки, небрежное написание слов.

Оценивание ответов

 Ответ оценивается отметкой «отлично», если:

— устный ответ обучающегося, письменная работа, практическая деятельность в полном объеме соответствует учебной программе, допускается один недочет. Объем ЗУНов составляет

90-100% содержания (правильный полный ответ, представляющий собой связное, логически последовательное сообщение на определенную тему, умения применять определения, правила в конкретных случаях.

Ответ оценивается отметкой «хорошо», если:

—работ учащегося, практическая деятельность или ее результаты в общем соответствуют требованиям учебной программы, но имеются одна или две негрубые ошибки. Объем ЗУНов составляет 70-90%

содержания ( правильный, но не совсем точный ответ).

Ответ оценивается отметкой «удовлетворительно», если:

— если его устный ответ, письменная работа, практическая деятельность и ее результаты в основном

соответствуют требованиям программы, однако имеется: 1 грубая ошибка и два недочета, или 1 грубая ошибка и 1 негрубая, или 2-3 грубых ошибки, или 1 негрубая ошибка и три недочета, или 4-5 недочетов. Обучающийся владеет ЗУНами в объеме 40-70% содержания (правильный, но не полный ответ, допускаются неточности в определении понятий или формулировке правил, недостаточно глубоко и доказательно ученик обосновывает свои суждения, не умеет приводить примеры, излагает материал

непоследовательно).

Ответ оценивается отметкой «плохо», если:

— если его устный ответ, письменная работа, практическая деятельность и ее результаты частично

соответствуют требованиям программы, имеются существенные недостатки и грубые ошибки, объем ЗУНов обучающегося составляет менее 40% содержания.