ГБПОУ СО «ТПК»
Практические работы
для устранения академической
задолженности за VIII семестр
По дисциплине «Английский язык»
Специальность 19.02.10
Группа Тп41
Студент
Преподаватель: Лихачева С.В.
Дата сдачи 2017г.
ТЕХТ1
What is а Personal Computer?
Personal computers (РС) are small, relatively inexpensive computers for an individual user. Their price can bе from а few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars. All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Personal computers are used in business for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is for playing games. Personal computers first appeared in the late 1970s. One of the first and most popular personal computers was the Apple 11, made in 1977 bу Apple Computer. Then, in 1981, IВМ (International Business Machines) made its first personal computer, known as the IВМ РС. The IВМ РС quickly became the most popular personal computer.
What is а Software?
Computer programs are called software. Software is instructions for hardware (the machines) to do work. Software is often divided into two categories:
Systems software: the operating system аnd all the utilities that еnablе the computer to function.
Applications software: programs that do real work for users. For example, word processors, spreadsheet programmes, and games are applications software.
What ls а Hardware?
Hardware are computer components that you can touch, like disks, disk drives, monitors, keyboards, printers, boards, аnd chips. But you cannot touch software. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols. А computer without software is dead - you nееd software to make the computerwork.
What are Peripheral Devices?
Peripheral devices are computer devices, such as а CD-ROM drive or printer. Peripheral devices саn bе external, such as а mouse, keyboard, printer, monitor, and scanner. Peripheral devices саn bе internal, such as а CD-ROM drive or internal modem.
Words:
individual - индивидуальный, личный
user – пользователь
microprocessor = chip – микрonроцессор
CPU (central processing uпit) - центральный процессор
word processing - электронная обработка текста
accounting - бухгалтерское дело
desktop publishing - настольные издательские средства
software - компьютерные программы, программное обеспечение
instructions – команды
hardware - оборудование, «железо»
systems software - системное программное обеспечение
applications software - прикладные программы
utility - обслуживающая программа, утилита
word processor - текстовой процессор (программа подготовки и редактирования текста)
spreadsheet - программа, работающая с таблицами
disk drive – дисковод
monitor – монитор
printer – принтер
board – плата
chip - процессор, микросхема
peripheral device - периферийное устройство
CD-R.OM drive- дисковод ми компакт-дисков
internal modem - встроенный модем.
Exercise 1
Answer the questions:
1. What is а personal computer?
_______________________________________________________________________
2. What are personal computers used for?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. What were the first models of РС?
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. What are computer programs called?
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. What is hardware?
____________________________________________________________________________
ТЕХТ2
What is а Keyboard?
Computer keyboard is the set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data into а computer. Computer keyboards are similar to electric-typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys. The keys on computer keyboards are often classified as follows:
alphanumeric keys - letters and numbers
punctuation keys - comma, period, semicolon, and so on.
special keys - function keys, control keys, arrow keys, Caps Lock key, and so on.
The standard layout of letters, numbers, and punctuation is called QWERТYkeyboard because the first six keys оn the top row of letters spell QWERТY. The QWERТY keyboard was designed in the 1800s for mechanical typewriters.
There is no standard computer keyboard, although many manufacturers imitate the keyboards of PCs. There are actually three different РС keyboards: the original РС keyboard, with 84 keys; the АТ keyboard, also with 84 keys; and the enhanced keyboard, with 1О 1 keys. The three differ somewhat in the placement of function keys, the Control key, the Return key, and the Shift keys.
In addition to these keys, IBM keyboards contain the following keys:
Page Up, Page Down, Ноте, End, Insert, Pause, Num Lock, Scroll Lock, Break, Caps Lock, Print Screen.
What is а Hard Disk Drive (HDD)?
Hard disk drive is the mechanism that reads and writes data on а hard disk. Hard disk drive has many inflexiblе platters (discs) coated with magnetic material. Read/write heads can record computer data on these discs. А typical hard disk rotates at 3,600 revolutions per minute, and the read/write heads ride over the surface of the disk on а cushion of air 25 micron deep. Hard disk drives (HDDs) for PCs generally have seek times of about 12 milliseconds or less. Hard disk drives are sometimes called Winchester drives. Winchester is the name of one of the first popular hard disk drive technologies developed Ьу IBM in 1973. Monitor with cathode ray tube
What is а Monitor?
Monitor is another term for display screen. First monitors were black-and-white with cathode ray tube. Nowadays most monitors are colour monitors. Besides, colour LCD monitors are becoming more and more popular. Monitors have different screen sizes. Like televisions, screen sizes are measured in inches from one corner of the screen to the opposite corner diagonally.А typical size for small monitors is 14 inches. Monitors that are 16 or more inches diagonally are often called full-page monitors.
Words:
keyboard – клавиатура
alphanumeric keys- буквенно-цифровые клавиши
punctuation keys - клавиши пунктуации
comma – запятая
period – точка
semicolon - точка с запятой
function key - функциональная клавиша
control key - клавиша управления
arrow key - клавиша с изображением стрелки
Caps Lock key - клавиша фиксации регистра заглавных букв
layout – расположение
enhanced keyboard - расширенная клавиатура
return key - клавиша возврата каретки
shift key - клавиша переключения регистра
num lock - фиксация числового регистра
revolutions per minute - оборотов в минуту
cushion of air - воздушная подушка
seek time - время поиска
cathode ray tube - электронно-лучевая трубка
Exercise 2
Answer the questions:
1. How are the keys on computer keyboards classified?______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. How is the standard layout of keys on а keyboard called?___________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How many keys has enhanced keyboard?________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. How are hard disk drives sometimes called?_______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. What is hard disk drive?_______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6. How are monitor screen sizes measured?________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
ТЕХТЗ
What is а Mouse?
А mouse is а device to move the cursor or pointer on а display screen. As you move the mouse, the pointer on the display screen moves in the same direction. You can roll а mouse on а hard, flat surface. It looks а bit like а real mouse because the connecting wire looks like а mouse tail. Mice usually have two buttons and sometimes as many as three, which have different functions depending on what program is running. Some newer mice also have а scroll wheel for scrolling through long documents. The mouse was invented bу Douglas Engelbart of Stanford Research
Center in 1963. The mouse frees the user from using the keyboard. Mouse is important because you саn simply point to objects on the screen and click а mouse button. Мiсе саn be:
1. Mechanical with а rubber or metal ball that can roll in all directions. Mechanical sensors in the mouse detect the direction the ball is rolling and move the screen pointer.
2. Optomechanical with optical sensors to detect motion of the ball.
3. Optical with а laser to detect the mouse's movement. Optical mice have no mechanical moving parts but they are more expensive.
4. Cordless infrared mice send infrared or radio waves to communicate with the computer.
What ls а Mlcroprocessor?
Мicroprocessor is а silicon chip that contains а CPU. The terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. At the heart of all personal computers sits а microprocessor.
Мicroprocessors have basic characteristics:
Computational bandwidth: The number of bits processed in а single instruction. Speed: Given in megahertz (MHz), the speed determines how many instructions per second the processor can execute.
What is а Printer?
Printer is а device that prints text or illustrations on paper. There are many different types of printers but the most widely used printers are:
Dot-matrix printer strikes pins against an ink ribbon. Each pin makes а dot, and combinations of dots form letters and illustrations.
Ink-jet printer sprays ink at а sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.
Laser printer uses the sаmе technology as сору machines. Laser printers produce very high quality text and graphics. The speed of printers varies widely. Dot-matrix printers саn print up to 500 letters per second, and laser printers can print froт about 4 to 20 text pages per minute.
What ls an Optical Scanner?
Optical scannеr is а device that can read text or illustrations printed оn paper and translate the information into а form the computer can use. А scannеr works bу digitizing ап image. Sоmе scanners are sтall hand-held devices that you тоvе across the paper. Тhese hand held scanners are often called half-page scanners because they can only scan 2 to 5 inches at а time. Наnd-held scanners are good for scanning small pictures and photos, but they are difficult to use if you need to scan а large page. Larger scanners include machines into which you can feed sheets of paper. These are called sheet-fed scanners. Sheet-fed scanners are excellent for loose sheets of paper, but they are unable to handle bound documents. Large scanners are called flatbed scanners. They consist of а board оn which you lay books, magazines, and other documents that you want to scan.
What ls CD·ROM?
CD-R.OM is ап abbreviation for Соmрасt DiscRead-Only Меmоrу, а type of optical disk сараblе of storing large amounts of data - up to 1GB, although the most common size is 650МВ (megabytes). А single CD-ROM has the storage capacity of 700 floppy disks, enough memory to store about 300,000 text pages.
CD-ROMs cannot bе erased and filled with new data. То read а CD, you need а CD-ROM player. АВ CD-ROMs have а standard size and forтat, so you can load any type of CD-ROM into any CD-ROM player. In addition, CD-ROM players are сараblе of playing audio CDs. CD-ROMs are good to store information that requires large storage capacity.
What ls Operating System?
Every computer must have ап operating system to run other programmes. Operating system is the most important programme that runs on а computer. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers. Operating systems provide а software platform on top of which other programmes, called application programmes, can run. The application programmes must be written to run on top of а particular operating system. Your choice of operating system, therefore, determines to а great extent the applications you can run. For PCs, the most popular operating systems are DOS, OS/2, and Windows.
Words:
to run а programme - работать с программой
scrollwheel - колесико или кнoпка на мыши для прокрутки длинных текстов
scrolling – прокрутка
to click - сделать щелчок мышью
sensor – датчик
pointer- указатель (курсор в форме стрелки, следующий за движениями мыши)
cordless – беспроводной
infrared – инфракрасный
interchangeable – взаимозаменяемый
computational bandwidth- диапазон вычислительных возможностей
dot-matrix printer- матричный принтер
dot- точка
pin - штифт, игла
ribbon – лента
ink-jet printer- струйный принтер
laser printer - лазерный принтер
hand-held- ручной
flatbed scanner - планшетный сканер
floppy – гибкий
storage capacity - емкость запоминающего устройства
Exercise 3
Answer the questions:
1. What is а mouse?______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2. How many buttons are there on а serial mouse?_______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Who invented а mouse?___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4. What are the types of mice?_________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
5. What are the basic characteristics of microprocessors?_____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. What are the types of the most widely used printers?______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
7. What printers are the fastest?________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. What is an optical scanner?___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
9. What is а floppy disk?_______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
10. What is CD-ROM?________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
11. What basic tasks do operating systems perform?_________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
12. What are the most popular operating systems?___________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
13. What are application programmes?____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3
Fill the gaps
1) Personal computer______________ used in business for _____________________________________
(to be)
___________________________________________________________________________________.
2) At home, the most popular use for personal computers ______________ for ____________________
(to be)
________________________________________________________________________
3) The ___________ ____________________________ bу _________________________________
(to be invented)
of __________________ _____________________________________Center in ________________.
4) The ________________mouse ________________ а laser to _________________ the mouse's
(to have)
movement.
5) Some ________________________ also _______________ а scroll _________________ for scrolling
(to have)
through ______________________________ documents.
6) Software is __________________________________for _________________________to do work.
7) What is hardware?_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
8) Monitors that are 16 or more inches ____________________________ ________________ often
(to be)
called _____________________________________ monitors.
9) Software is a ____________________________________.
10)The standard ____________________ of letters, ________________, and numbers _____________
(to be)
called _______________ because the first ________ keys оn the top row of letters ________________
(to spell)
________________________________________.
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