Практические работы для устранения академической задолженности по дисциплине "Английский язык" за VI семестр для специальности "Строительство и эксплуатация автомобильных дорог и аэродромов" ГБПОУ СО ТПК

ГБПОУ СО «ТПК»

Практические работы

для устранения академической задолженности за VI семестр

По дисциплине «Английский язык»

Специальность 19.02.10

Группа Стд 31

Студент __________________

Преподаватель: Лихачева С.В.

Дата сдачи 2017г.

Дата проверки __________________Indefinite Pronouns (quantifiers)

much, many, (a) little, (a) few

Exercise 1

Insert much or many

1. There are ______________ buses in Moscow.

2. I haven’t _______________ time for study.

3. Don’t make so ___________ noise (шум).

4. I don ’t know _________ people in Moscow.

5. I have _________ time for study.

6. You made ___________ mistakes in your dictation.

7. She reads _________________.

8. That boy has _________ friends

Exercise 2

Fill in the gaps with a little or a few

1. There is ________________________apples on the table.

2. I have got ________________________ money about me.

3. There are ________________________ cigarettes in the box.

4. There is ________________________ tea in the cup.

Exercise 3

Choose right words

1. There is too … (much/many/a few) salt in the soup.

2. There are … (much/a little/a few) sky-scrapers in our city.

3. I’ve got … (much/a few/a little) albums of this singer

4. My job allows me to travel … (much/many/a few).

5. We’ve got … (little/many/few) free time.

6. I have never seen so … (much/little/many) stars in the sky

7. Anna spent … (much/a few/a little) days in Rome.

8. I’d like just … (much/a few/a little) tea.

9. There was very … (little/few/many) rain last autumn.

10. Very … (few/little/much) Russian tourists are staying at our hotel.

Present Continuous

Exercise 1

Use Present Continuous (now)

1. Granny(to cook) __________________________________dinner.

2. The birds(to swim) _______________________in the lake.

3. She (to work)_______________________________________.

Exercise 2

Compose sentences

1. working / people / I / am / with / those

_____________________________________________________________________

1. is / my / Monday / leaving / on / sister

____________________________________________________________________

1. singing / children / now / the / are

_____________________________________________________________________

Exercise 3

Use Present Continuous or Present Indefinite

1. The childrеn (to eat) ________________________________soup now.

2. He (to help) ____________________________________his mother every dаy.

3. You (to plаy) the piаno well?

___________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4

Write short answers

1. Are the boys riding horses? Yes, _________________.

2. Is Jenny writing a postcard? No, ________________.

3. Are they building a new house? Yes, _________________.

Past Continuous

1. Use Past Continuous

1)While I __________________________________a bath the telephone _______________________.

(to have) (to rang)

2)While I ____________________ the exercise, my friends ________________________ a picture.

(to copy) (to describe)

2. Compose sentences using Past Continuous or Past Simple

the / (to eat) / fish / cats /?

__________________________________________________________________________________

(to arrive) /when / we / some coffee / she / (to make) /

___________________________________________________________________________________

3. Use verbs in the right time

1) When we ______________________in, the children ____________________________ their desks.

(to come) (to clean)

2)While we _____________________________in the park, it _______________________to rain.

(to walk) (to begin)

3) When Tom _____________________________ the street, he ____________________________.

(to cross) (to fall)

4) Why you (not to see) a doctor yesterday?

написать получившееся предложение полностью на строках ниже!▼

_________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

5) It (not to be) eleven o'clock, when I (to decide) to go to bed.

написать получившееся предложение полностью на строках ниже!▼

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Verbs TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO

I. Use to be in the right form

I __________ lazy.

The other pencils __________ in my pencil case.

I _____ at home.

Pupils _________to do their homework every day.

How ________ your mum? — ___________________ fine, thanks.

Joshua _____ Marco´son.

She _______ Miss Lee. She ___ a teacher.

The camel ________ a desert animal.

Vegetables and fruit _________ healthy foods.

«When you ________ a small child, _________ you happy?» «Yes, I ________. I ________ very happy.»

They (not) ________ ready for the lesson next Tuesday.

II. Use to have (got) in the right form

They ________ black hair.

You ________ big eyes.

________ you ________ an aspirin?

I _______ a house in the country.

_______ you _______ a cold?

I _________ a younger brother last year.

We _________ art lessons next Mondays.

III. Use to do in the right form

________________ drink and drive.

____________ you like football?

She ___________ most of her writing on a computer.

What time __________ the secretary finish work?

This group ______________________(not to go) to the theatre next month.

IV Use to be or to have in the right form

Her name _____ Ann.

«______ David a good friend?» «Yes, he _______».

Do you _______________ to travel on business?

__________ these men doctors?

She _______ a big TV.

Glass and metals

1. Glass is a fashionable material in contemporary architecture. Transparent buildings and structures are very popular in contemporary architecture. Structural glass components such as columns and beams are often required, but this material seems structurally unsafe because of its brittleness. For this reason a new construction technique has been developed using:

• very long overlapping glass segments to create glass beams. These are made by bonding the segments adhesively;

• a small stainless steel profile that has been added to the layout of the glass beam to reinforce it.

2. To prove that glass structures can be as safe as reinforced concrete, an experimental transparent pavilion has been designed (with dimensions 9 x 9 x 3.6 m3) that combines a number of innovative ideas. Many different kinds of glass and glass systems have been used. The outermost and the triple-layered insulating glass units have been tempered and sometimes laminated and some glass has also been coated with solar control glass to reflect some of the unwanted sunshine outwards. In other cases glass that can be heated electrically and glass panes free of iron oxide have been used to make the inside light more natural.

3. Painted, stainless, hot dip galvanised and weather resistant steel, as well as aluminium, have also been used for supporting structures. Aluminium has some advantages (it is light, resistant to corrosion and easy to work but also some disadvantages (its thermal expansion and conductivity are high and it has low elastic modulus and fire resistance). Stainless steel also offers some advantages (it has good fire resistance and it is easy to keep) but its high price is a major disadvantage. Both hot dip galvanised and painted steel are not as expensive, but they are difficult to work on site and are not resistant to corrosion.

1)True (T) or false (F)

1. Glass is very popular in contemporary architecture. ___________________

2. There is no way to create a glass structure that is as safe as reinforced concrete. ____________

3. A transparent pavilion has been recently designed as an experiment that uses some innovative ideas. ________

4. There is only one type of glass in this pavilion._____________

5. Glass has also been used for supporting structures. __________

6. Hot dip galvanised steel is not resistant to corrosion.__________

2) Match the words

3) Read the text again and write a resume using the following expression:

The text is about _____________________________________________________________________________

At the beginning of the text the author stresses (underlines, points out) that_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Then the author describes (suggests, states that)________________________________ ____________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

After that the author passes on to (description of, statement of, analysis of ______________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

At the end of the text the author comes to the conclusion (pays attention to the fact) that____________________

_________________________________________________________________

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

During the Old Kingdom, the period when Egypt was ruled by the Kings of the 3 to 6 Dynasties, artists and craftsmen were drawn to the court to work under the patronage of the king and his great nobles. Techniques of working in stone, wood, and metal made tremendous progress, demonstrated by surviving large scale monuments, such as the pyramids of the 4 Dynasty and the sun temples built by the 5 -Dynasty kings. The pyramids of the 4 Dynasty are the most spectacular of all funerary works and the only remained wonder of the world. These monuments celebrated the divinity of the kings of Egypt, linking the people with the great gods of earth and sky.

This was a time when trade and the economy flourished. Craftsmen worked in the finest materials which were often brought great distances, and were able to experiment with recalcitrant stones as well as new techniques of metalworking. This enabled them by the 6 Dynasty to produce large metal figures. The earliest that survive are the copper statues of Pepi I and his son, found at Hierakonpolis. Made c. 2330 EC they are badly corroded but still impressive in their stiffly formal poses. The eyes are inlaid, and the crown and the kilt of the king, now missing, were probably originally made of gilded plaster.

During the prosperous period known as the Middle Kingdom fortresses were built to defend the southern and eastern borders, and new areas of land were brought under cultivation. Craftsmen achieved new levels of excellence. Very little architecture remains — many royal monuments were robbed for their stone in later periods — but what has survived shows great simplicity and refinement. The example is the pyramid of Sesostris I at Lisht.

The establishment of the 18 Dynasty marked the beginning of the New Kingdom and a new blossoming of the arts and crafts of ancient Egypt. Craftsmen benefited from wider contact with other civilizations, such as those of Crete and Mesopotamia, and were also able to work with imported raw materials.

The kings gave encouragement to artists and craftsmen by ordering great temples and palaces to be built throughout Egypt. The temple walls were covered with reliefs celebrating the achievements of the kings and the powers of the gods. The courtyards and inner sanctuaries were enriched with statuary. The most notable monuments are the Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatsheput at Deir-el-Bahari (c. 1480 BC), which had a series of pillared colonnades on three sides of three superimposed terraces linked by gigantic ramps and magnificent Great Temple at Karnak to Amon as the universal god of Egypt.

Ancient Egyptian architecture was revived under the Ptolemies, the successors of Alexander the Great, who built numerous temples of traditional style of which the finest examples that survive are the Temple of Horus at Etfu and the temples on the islands of Philae (c. 323—30 BC).

Complete the following sentences.

1. During the Old Kingdom artists and craftsmen _____________________________________________

2. Craftsmen were able to experiment with ___________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

3. The surviving examples, found at Hierakonpolis are ___________________________________________

4. Very little architecture of the Middle Kingdom remains because ____________________________________

5. Craftsmen benefited from wider contact with other civilizations such as those of ___________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The most notable monuments of the New Kingdom are ________________________________________

7. Ancient Egyptian architecture was revived under the Ptolemies, the successors of _____________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.

1. Techniques of working in stone, ________________and metal made tremendous progress, demonstrated by

__________________monuments.

2. These monuments celebrated the __________________________ of the kings of Egypt, linking the people

with the great _________________ of earth and sky.

3. Craftsmen worked in the __________________ materials which were often brought great ____________ .

4. The earliest that ___________ are the copper status of Pepi I and his son, _______________ at Hierakonpolis.

5. The prosperousperiod known as the Middle _________________ began with the reunification of the country.

6. Many royal monuments were________________ for their stone in later periods but what has survived shows

great simplicity and __________________________________________________

7. The temple walls were covered with __________________ celebrating ______________________________

of the kings and the powers of the gods.

Roman Architecture

Modern knowledge of roman architecture derives primarily from the remains scattered throughout the area of the empire. Some are well preserved and other are known only in fragments and by theoretical restoration. Another source of information is a vast store of records. especially important is ‘De Architectura’ by Vitruvius, (c.27 ВС), the only surviving treatise of antiquity.

Pervasive roman predilection was for spatial composition — the organization of lines, surfaces, masses, and volumes in space. In roman architecture there were three types of houses: the domus, the insula and the villa.

The domus, or town house, consisted of suites of rooms grouped around a central hall, or atrium. It often had further suites at the rear, grouped around a colonnaded court, or peristyle.

The atrium, a rectangular room with an opening in the roof to the sky, and its adjoining rooms were peculiarly roman elements; the peristyle was Greek or Middle eastern. There were few windows on the street, light being obtained from the atrium or peristyle.

In Rome the chief examples of domus are the house of Vestals in the forum in rome and that of Livia on the Palatine hill.

Great blocks of flats or tenements were called insulae. excavations at ostia, Italy, have revealed the design of these blocks.

Planned on three or four floors with strict regard to economy of space, they depended on light from the exterior as well as from a central court.

The villa was an estate, complete with house, grounds, and subsidiary buildings.

Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, began about AD 123, was a sumptuous residence with parks and gardens on a large scale. The unevenness of the site necessitated large terraces and flights of steps. There are remains of great brick and concrete structures. All the buildings are roman in style and method of construction, though with Greek names.

The romans were great builders and engineers famous for their factories, roads, aqueducts, viaducts, bridges, grand thermae and amphitheatres, theatres, and temples.

The greatest surviving circular temple of antiquity is the Pantheon in Rome. It consists of rotunda about 142 feet in diameter surrounded by concrete walls 20 feet thick, in which are alternate circular and rectangular niches. The rotunda and dome are among the finest examples of roman concrete work. The interior was lined with precious marbles, the coffers (decorative recessed panels) of the dome itself once were covered externally with bronze plates.

The largest and most important amphitheatre of Rome was the colosseum. covering six acres (2.4 hectares), it had seating for about 50,000 spectators, and its 80 entrances were so arranged that the building could be cleared quickly. The whole is built of concrete, the exterior is faced with travertine. other important amphitheatres are those at Verona, Italy; Pula, Croatia; Arles, France.

Imperial thermae were more than baths. They were immense establishments of great magnificence, with facilities for every gymnastic exercise, and halls in which philosophers, poets, rhetoricians, and those who wished to hear them gathered.

The best preserved are the Baths of Caracalla, which covered an area about 1,000 feet square, and those of Diocletian (c. AD 217), with accommodation for 3,200 bathers.

Active vocabulary

spatial — пространственный

surface — поверхность

suite — анфилада комнат

rear — расположенный сзади, задний

rectangular — прямоугольный

room — комната

window — окно

tenement — многоквартирный дом, сдаваемый в аренду

excavations — раскопки

opening — отверстие

estate — поместье

ground — земля, грунт

flights of steps — лестничный марш

concrete — бетон

road — дорога

aqueduct — акведук

viaduct — виадук

bridge — мост

circular — круглый

wall — стена

dome — купол

coffer — кессон

recessed — имеющий нишу, углубление

plate — лист, пластина

precious — драгоценный

marble — мрамор

facility — приспособление

accommodation — размещение

I. Choose the correct sentence.
1. Pervasive roman predilection was for spatial composition.
a) Spatial composition was seldom used by the romans.
b) The romans preferred spatial composition.
c) roman architecture is characterized by the use of symmetrical composition.

II. Complete the sentences.
1. The domus consisted of … .
a) three or four floors
b) suits of rooms grouped around a central hall
c) two or three rooms with few windows
2. Insulae were planned … .
a) to impress by their grandeur
b) around a colonnaded court
c) with strict regard to economy of space

III. Choose the correct sentence.
1. The elements of earlier styles were used by the romans.
a) The romans borrowed much from other civilizations.
b) The romans preferred spatial composition.
c) Roman architecture had little in common with earlier styles.
2. Roman architecture was designed to reflect the power of the city.
a) There were three types of houses in ancient rome.
b) The circus was also used for spectacles.
c) The roman architects reproduced the might of the empire in their works.

IV. Choose the correct form of the verb.

1. ‘De Architecture’ … almost every aspect of architecture,

a) discovered b) proved c) covered d) knew

2. The romans… freely the elements of earlier styles.

a) invented b) built c) differed d) used

V. Choose the correct form of the adjective.

1. The Pantheon is … surviving circular temple of antiquity.

a) greater b) greatest c) the greatest d) the greater

2. Among… remaining examples of circular temples are those of Vesta and Mater Matuta in Rome, Vesta at Tivoli, and Venus at Baalbeck.

a) important b) the most important c) more important d) most important

VI. Match the terms and their definitions.

1. colonnaded court

a) facade b) entablature c) peristyle

2. town house

a) forum b) domus c) basilica

VII. Choose the correct form of the verb.

1. The domus or town house, (consisted/was consisted) of suites of rooms grouped around a central hall, or atrium.

2. Further suites (added/were added) at the rear.

Medieval Architecture

Gothic cathedrals

The architecture of the central Middle Ages was termed Gothic during the renaissance because of its association with the barbarian north. Now this term is used to describe the important style of building and art wide spread in Europe between the 12th and the 15th centuries.

At the technical level Gothic architecture is characterized by the ribbed vault, the pointed arch, and the flying buttress.

One of the earliest buildings in which these techniques were introduced in a highly sophisticated architectural plan was the abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris. It is considered to be "the first Gothic building".

In France and Germany this style is subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Gothic.

The French middle phase is called Rayonnant, the late phase — Flamboyant. In England one speaks of early English Gothic, the Decorated and Perpendicular styles.

Early English Gothic developed from с 1180 to c.1280. The most influential building in the new fashion was the choir of Canterbury cathedral (1175–1184). The other examples are Salisbury, Lincoln and Wells cathedrals, and Westminster Abbey. Its main features are lancet windows without tracery and multiple attached colonettes.

English architects for a long time retained a liking for heavy surface decoration, thus, when Rayonnant tracery designs were imported, they were combined with the existing repertoire of colonettes, attached shafts, and vault ribs. The result which could be extraordinarily dense has been called the English Decorated style (1280–1350, Exeter cathedral, east parts of Bristol and Wells cathedrals, the Lady Chapel at Ely).

English Gothic came to an end with the final flowering of the Perpendicular style (c. 1350–1550). It was characterized by vertical emphasis in structure and elaborate fan vaults.

The first major surviving statement of the Perpendicular style is probably the choir of Gloucester cathedral. Other noticeable monuments were St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster, St. George's Chapel, Windsor, King's College Chapel, Cambridge, the Chapel of Henry VII at Westminster Abbey.

Gothic was essentially the style of the catholic countries of Europe. It was also carried to Cyprus, Malta, Syria, and Palestine by the crusaders and their successors in the Mediterranean. The forms that were developed within the style on a regional basis were often of great beauty and complexity. They were used for all secular buildings as well as for cathedrals, churches and monasteries.

By the Gothic Survival is meant the survival of Gothic forms, particularly in provincial traditional building.

Active vocabulary

rib — ребро

arch — арка

pointed arch — стрельчатая (остроконечная) арка

buttress — контрфорс

flying buttress — аркбутан, арочный контрфорс

undulating — волнистый

claim — требование; претензия; притязание; утверждение; заявление

Rayonnant — лучистый (стиль)

Flamboyant — «пламенеющий» (стиль)

choir — место хора в соборе ряд окон, освещающий центр высокого помещения

tracery – ажурная, каменная работа, рисунок, узор

tracery — ажурная каменная работа; рисунок, узор; переплетение

shaft — ствол

dense — густой, плотный

chapel — часовня

I. Complete the sentences.

1. At the technical level the Gothic style is characterized by the ribbed vault, the flying buttress, and __ .

a) the round arch

b) the bulbous dome

c) the pointed arch

2. The title the "first Gothic building" is given to ____ .

a) the abbey of Saint-Denis

b) Westminster abbey

c) King's college chapel

II. Choose the correct sentence.

1. English architects for a long time retained a liking for ____

a) plain surfaces

b) heavy surface decoration

c) curved surfaces

2. English architects retained a liking for heavy surface decoration.

a) English architects preferred restrained decoration.

b) The stained glass of the period was heavily coloured.

c) English architects kept on using ponderous exterior decoration.

3. Gothic was used for cathedrals, churches and monasteries.

a) Gothic was used for industrial buildings.

b) Gothic was used for ecclesiastic structures.

c) In most European countries artists imitated architectural style from northern France.

III. Find the synonyms of the following words.

1. decorated

a) sophisticated b) ornamented c) pointed

2. secular

a) not sacred b) essential c) final

3. to survive

a) to stop b) to use c) to outlive

III. Match the beginnings of the sentences to their ends using the information from the text.

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