CLASS HOUR:
“THE WORLD OF FAMOUS BAIKONUR”
Tasks:
1. to form students' knowledge about the role of our country in space exploration;
2. to develop cognitive competencies, positive motivation to study the history of Russian cosmonautics;
3. To promote the education of Kazakhstani patriotism.
Equipment: illustrations, photographs.
Move
Execution of the Anthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1. Teacher's word
The Kazakh proverb says: "Atanyң balasy bоlma, Adamny balasy bol." “Do not be the son of only your father - be the son of the whole nation!” Such a son of planet Earth can be called Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin - the first astronaut in the world. He made his first flight into space on the Vostok spaceship on April 12, 1961. From that day on, the countdown of the cosmic era of mankind began. By a UN decision, World Aviation and Cosmonautics Day two years ago received the status of International Day of Human Space Flight. The special pride of us, the inhabitants of Kazakhstan, is that our country is the launching pad and, in most cases, the space harbor. Today we will talk about the contribution of our Republic to space exploration.
1. Let's go back - in 1961. April 12 was beautiful weather. Spring has come, fields and trees have blossomed. Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin was calm, joked a lot. Even encouraged the overly anxious Queen. At the time of launch, he announced the famous with a cheerful voice: “Let's go!” And when his ship was finally in orbit, he exclaimed joyfully: “What a beauty!” This was the first impression of the first person in space. And the start was given from the cosmodrome located in Kazakhstan.
Baikonur (from the Kazakh language, Bayқoңyr is a rich valley) is the first and largest cosmodrome in the world, located between the city of Kazalinsk and the village of Dzhusaly, near the village of Turatam. It covers an area of 6717 km².
The city of Baikonur and the Baikonur Cosmodrome together form the Baikonur complex, rented by Russia from Kazakhstan for the period until 2050.
As of 2012, Baikonur retains a leading position in the world in the number of launches: from here, 21 launch vehicles were launched over the year (the second place is occupied by Cape Canaveral Cosmodrome (USA) with 10 launches per year.
Today, April 12, 2015, the Baikonur space complex celebrates the 54th anniversary of the first manned space flight. The akim of the Kyzylorda region Krymbek Kusherbaev addressed his congratulations to the Baikon people.
2. Another city of Kazakhstan - Arkalyk, which is often called the space harbor of the Earth's envoys into space, is also covered with cosmic glory. Many of them were awarded the title of Honorary Citizen of Arkalyk. Valery Nikolaevich Kubasov - Soviet cosmonaut No. 18, Alexander Pavlovich Alexandrov - 55th Soviet cosmonaut, Sevastyanov Vitaly Ivanovich, cosmonaut No. 22, Polyakov Valery Vladimirovich - cosmonaut, Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov - Soviet cosmonaut No. 11, Jean-Lou Jacques Marie Chretien (fr. Jean-Loup Jacques Marie Chretien) - French cosmonaut, Nikolai Nikolaevich Rukavishnikov, Vyacheslav Dmitrievich Zudov, Anatoly Vasilievich Filipchenko, Gorbatko Viktor Vasilievich, Romanenko Yuri Viktorovich and others.
“Dozens of astronauts from various countries will readily respond to it. Recently, delving into his archive, I discovered an unfinished and already faded text from time to time. I quote it in full “Return of the Knights” On December 21, 1988, two more centenarians were officially registered in Arkalyk. And not simple, but space ones! They became Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov, who were named honorary citizens of the city at the time of their landing. Well, the Arkalykites could well introduce them to all those gathered at the local airport: Zhen - Lou Chretien.
There is no mistake here. The French astronaut became an honorary Arkalyk resident in 1982, after returning to the “space harbor” from his first orbital flight.
Each return from outer space is an event not only for the whole country, but also for the whole world. On the eve of the landing of the international crew, a large group of Soviet and foreign journalists arrived in Arkalyk. A multilingual speech was heard, guests lively acquainted with the sights of the city, about which the Indian cosmonaut Rakesh Sharma spoke so warmly during the Alma-Ata-Delhi teleconference. Shortly before his flight, he spent several days in Arkalyk and learned that the city’s Komsomol members from the first landing in 1954 built the city in the steppes, that the city owed its birth to the development of local bauxite deposits that produce “winged metal” aluminum, and that Arkalyk met the pioneers of space many times Among them are brave woman Svetlana Savitskaya, Czech Vladimir Remek, Pole Miroslav Germashevsky and a whole squad of other heroes united by the Intercosmos program. In December of the year before last, when the city celebrated its 30th anniversary, congratulations from 25 cosmonauts who landed in the local area immediately came from Star City
“A pioneer from the Gagarin detachment, the first“ spacewalker ”in outer space, a wonderful artist, Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov enjoyed special attention in Arkalyk”
“From January 8, 1994 to March 22, 1995 the honorary Arkalyk resident Valery Polyakov made the longest (437 days 17 hours 59 minutes) uninterrupted flight in the history of manned space flight at Mir station as part of three main expeditions. During this time he performed unique studies in space medicine, physiology, psychology, and sanitary-hygienic areas, including as part of international projects in space medicine ”
“Now Arkalyk is no longer the“ space harbor ”, which during the years of intensive settlement of near-earth orbits was constantly heard by everyone. But the password "Arkalyk" remains valid for many. It is still replenished with space exhibits, although not like before, the local museum, which will show you the wetsuit of cosmonaut Valery Rozhdestvensky, shoe covers and shoes by Alexei Gubarev, various tubes of the space menu. In the oldest photograph 36 years ago, the first honorary Arkalyk resident from among the astronauts Viktor Gorbatko.
... at the entrance to Arkalyk, a unique monument is still preserved - a descent vehicle ascended on metal structures and bearing traces of harsh space ”
3. By the 1990s, dozens of astronauts from various countries had traveled to space, but, unfortunately, there was not a single representative of the Kazakh people among them. With the adoption of the Declaration of Sovereignty in 1990, this issue has become even more acute. A huge role in his decision was played by Nursultan Nazarbayev, who wholeheartedly accepted the idea of flying the first Kazakhstani astronaut. When, finally, agreement in principle was obtained, a new problem arose. The flight was supposed to take place no later than September-October 1991, and it was urgently needed to determine the candidacy of the future astronaut. And such a person was found. The head of state recalls this in his book “The Kazakhstan Way”: “Once I read in the newspaper that our fellow countryman, the test pilot of military aircraft, Tokhtar Aubakirov, is resting on Chimbulak. I immediately called him to my place and met him. " The choice has been made. Under the most severe time pressure, Tokhtar was able to fully prepare for the flight. The long-awaited historical start took place on October 2, 1991. It was a moment of triumph. The space era of Kazakhstan has begun. The first Kazakh astronaut ascended into space. Cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union, Khalyk һaһarmany, currently Tokhtar Aubakirov - deputy of the Mazhilis of the Parliament.
Message .
Toktar Aubakirov dreamed about the profession of a pilot since childhood. When Yuri Gagarin first flew into space, the whole world stood still, and when he returned to Earth, all the boys and youths began to dream of going into space. Toktar Aubakirov was no exception. After graduating from school, Toktar Aubakirov entered the higher military school, and subsequently graduated from school as a test pilot. For more than 10 years Toktar Aubakirov worked as a test pilot in the Design Bureau named after M Gromova. During that time, he mastered over 50 types of aircraft and their modifications. Toktar Aubakirov became the first pilot in the Soviet Union to fly non-stop with two refueling in the air to the North Pole in 1988 on the MIG-31.
In 1989, the first to fly into the air and put on the aircraft carrier "Tbilisi" MIG-29. For very difficult and difficult test flights on the MIG-29 and SU-27 aircraft, Tokhtar Aubakirov was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1991, under an international agreement between the government of the Kazakh SSR and the Soviet Union, he was admitted to the ranks of Soviet cosmonauts. The training took place at the Gagarin Cosmonautics Center. He flew into outer space in October 1991, as part of an international crew on the Soyuz TM-13 spacecraft. Performed the work of the astronaut - researcher. In open space spent 7 days 22 hours 13 minutes. He returned to Earth on the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft. After the flight, Toktar Aubakirov returned to Kazakhstan and continued his service.
Tokhtar Aubakirov.
In the fate of our other cosmonaut, Talgat Musabaev, Nursultan Nazarbayev took no less, if not more, part. T. Musabaev was destined to become the first astronaut - a citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Our illustrious countryman visited space three times in 1994, 1998 and 2001. In two space expeditions, he was the crew commander. In space, he spent a total of 341 days. He has 7 spacewalks with a total duration of 41 hours 08 minutes. It was he who happened to open the era of space tourism, when in 2001 he brought into orbit the first space tourist - US citizen Denis Tito. From April 11, 2007 to the present - Chairman of the National Space Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (website www.bnews.kz).
Tokhtar Aubakirov and Talgat Musabaev are the pride of Kazakhstan!
We have developed our own traditions: the President himself personally sees off and meets the Kazakh cosmonauts on every flight. And that says a lot.
Talgat Musabaev.
4. Speaking of space and the International Day of Manned Space Flight, one cannot but read the famous lines.
(student reads)
Guess:
Why are people drawn to the stars?
Why is the hero a falcon in our songs?
Why is everything beautiful
What did he create
The man after a pause
Calls - High
Rivers solder fields
Cities above the river - At dawn,
And, like a heart, the earth flies
Crossed by veins of the rivers.
It’s not easy to pave the way
Until yesterday's foggy stars
But it’s harder on earth to find the Way,
What carried in his heart,
That a river passed over the earth
That forever connected the cities
That the ray was raging in the darkness
Lighting up your years ...
These are lines from the poem of our poet Olzhas Suleimenov, written on the day of the space launch of Yuri Gagarin. Suleimenov later said: “My poem was broadcast on central television and radio, printed in newspapers, almost every week I spoke in a city: at factories, factories, in student audiences. That was such a success. ” The poem soon received the Prize of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Kazakhstan. They began to include the 25-year-old Suleimenov in the composition of Soviet delegations in Europe and the States; he read his poem at Columbia University (New York) and the Paris Sorbonne. The debut was brilliant. Subsequently, it was his line “Earth, bow to man” that was inscribed on the pedestal of the obelisk of Rukavishnikov’s work, installed on the site of the death of Yuri Gagarin near Kirzhach, Vladimir Region.
Final part.
Quiz "History of Kazakhstan astronautics"
1. What is the first and largest cosmodrome in the world. (Baikonur)
2. What does the name "Baikonur" mean? (in translation from the Kazakh language “bayққңyr” is a rich valley).
3. What settlement is located near the cosmodrome? (Turatam village).
4. What city of Kazakhstan is a space harbor? (Arkalyk)
5. Date of space flight T. Aubakirova. (October 2, 1991)
6. Who was the first astronaut - a citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan? (Talgat Musabaev).
7. How many times T. Musabaev visited space? (3 times: 1994, 1998, 2001).
8. How many days did T. Musabaev spend in space? (341 days).
9. Name the French astronaut - Honorary Citizen of Arkalyk. (Jean-Lou Jacques Marie Chretien)
10. Name the first pilot in the Soviet Union, who made a non-stop flight in 1988, with two refueling in the air, to the North Pole. (Toktar Aubakirov)
11. When did the first Kazakhstan geostationary satellite "KazSat" launch into orbit? (June 2006).
12. "Earth, bow to man." Who is the author of this poem? (O. Suleimenov)
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