Эссэ на тему "Знаменитые женщины моей родины. Валентина Терешкова"

Общеобразовательная школа №211, г. Новосибирск, Россия

Comprehensive school №211, Novosibirsk, Russia

Валентина Терешкова и Хелен Шарман: удивительные женщины, звезды космоса.

Amazing women, star in space: Valentina Tereshkova and Helen Sharman.

Выполнила: Григорьева Дарья (9 класс)

Written by: Grigoreva Daria

Преподаватель: Обметко Светлана Юрьевна

Teacher: Obmetko Svetlana Yurievna

Plan:

• Introduction. The day, when human conquered space

• Valentina became the first woman to fly in space.

• Helen Sharman is another example.

• Conclusion. Tereshkova and Helen Sharman are great examples that you should follow.

History of space exploration

It is hard to imagine our life without knowledge about space.

However, how did we know about it?

At all times people wanted to fly, get closer to the stars, and conquer sky and space.

Therefore, in 1961 people’s dream has finally come true.

The moment, which the entire world had been awaiting, arrived — the first man was sent to Earth’s orbit. It was one of the most important events in human history. Yuri Gagarin on the board of Vostok 1 completed one orbit of the Earth. The flight was 108 minutes long, most of the time audio and video communication was maintained with the cosmonaut. The ship was run automatically.

The 12th of April is declared the International Day of Human Space Flight. In Russia, the Day of Cosmonautics is celebrated. There is also an unofficial international celebration — Yuri’s Night.

Russia and all World still proud of him. Nowadays we can find many attributes with Yuri's face or with Vostok 1.We should remember him and remember the day, when human conquered space.

First woman in space

What about women in space?

The first one was Valentina Tereshkova .

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937, in Maslennikovo, a village near the Volga River. Her parents worked on a farm, and her father was killed during World War II.

Valentina dropped out of school when she was 16 and worked at a textile factory, but continued her education through correspondence courses, according to the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. Tereshkova joined the factory's Young Communist League and soon advanced to the Communist Party. She became interested in parachute jumping after joining the Yaroslavl Air Sports Club. It was her expertise in parachute jumping that led to her selection as a cosmonaut. Under the direction of Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev, five women were selected to be trained for a special woman-in-space program. Along with four other women, Tereshkova received 18 months of training, which included tests to determine how she would react to long periods of time being alone, to extreme gravity conditions and to zero gravity conditions. Tereshkova was the only one of the five women who went into space.

On June 16, 1963 she was launched aboard Vostok 6, which completed 48 orbits in 71 hours. At the same time there was Valery Bykovsky who had been launched two days earlier in Vostok 5; both landed on June 19.

Valentina became the first woman to fly in space.

She left the program just after her flight, and on November 3, 1963, she was married to Andriyan Nikolayev, another cosmonaut. From 1966 until 1991 she was an active member in the U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet. She directed the Soviet Women’s Committee in 1968, and from 1974 to 1991 she served as a member of the Supreme Soviet Presidium. In 2008 she became the deputy chair of the parliament of Yaroslavl province as a member of the United Russia party. Tereshkova was named a Hero of the Soviet Union and was twice awarded the Order of Lenin.

There is a lot of gender discrimination in our world now. Every day women are exposed of rights and a lot of people think that women are weak.

However, is Valentina Tereshkova weak? No. She was able to achieve her dreams despite being a woman, she went to space and made history. Her achievements, her story and she give me hope for a future without discrimination.

Second «first» woman

Therefore, Valentina Tereshkova was not the only one «first» woman.

If you wanted to ask me about some famous British woman, the first name that I would call to mind is Helen Sharman.

Helen Sharman spent eight days in space as an astronaut, serving as a crew-member on the Russian Mir space station.

Helen would be the first person to describe her background as “ordinary” but most people would agree that her achievement as the first British person in space is quite extraordinary.

She was born on May 30, 1963 at Sheffield's Jessop Hospital. The Sharman family lived at Grenoside then Greenhill. After studying at Jordanthorpe Comprehensive, Helen gained a Chemistry degree at Sheffield University.

Her first job was as an engineer for a division of GEC in London and also, she began studying part time for a PhD at Birbeck College, London. In August 1987, Helen became a Research Technologist for Mars Confectionery, where part of her job was to study the chemical and physical properties of chocolate! In June 1989, while driving home from the Mars factory in Slough, Helen heard a radio ad that would change her life: 'Astronaut wanted - no experience necessary.' The only requirements were that applicants should be British, aged 21-40, with a science background, the ability to learn a foreign language and a good level of fitness. Thirteen thousand people applied – they went through lots of physical and psychological tests, and she was selected. She was then sent for 18 months of grueling training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre in Moscow's Star City. Helen underwent preparation for coping with weightlessness, living in a cramped environment, survival procedures and learning to pilot rocket systems. In May 1991 Helen became the first Briton in space when she spent 8 days at the Mir Space Station conducting scientific experiments.

Since her return, she has continued to work as a scientist and has become one of the country's leading ambassadors for science, giving lectures around the world. Helen is also an accomplished broadcaster, presenting numerous science based radio and television programs.

Helen Sharman is another example of fact, that women can do the same things as men and sometimes, they do it even better.

Perfect example

In conclusion I wanted to say that these two women are perfect example that dreams can come true, and if you want to do something – you can do it, if you are a girl who doesn’t believe in herself, just read about these amazing women and understand that you can do all the things that you want. I think that Valentina Tereshkova and Helen Sharman are great examples that we should follow.

Information sources:

http://inspacewetrust.org/en/

https://www.space.com/21571-valentina-tereshkova.html

https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/tereshkova.html

http://www.destinationspace.uk/meet-space-crew/helen-sharman/

https://web.archive.org/web/20060814063127/http://www.made-in-sheffield.com/People/helenSharman.htm