Global environmental problems

Main environmental problems

• Air pollution
• The pollution of the waters of the World Ocean
• Soil pollution
• Greenhouse effect
• Radioactive contamination of the biosphere
• Extermination of flora and fauna

Air pollution

Man has been polluting the atmosphere for thousands of years. Basically, there are three main sources of air pollution: industry, household boiler houses, transport. Now it is generally accepted that industrial production is the most polluting air. Aerosol pollution of the atmosphere. In recent decades, due to the rapid development of motor transport and aviation, emissions from mobile sources have significantly increased: cars, diesel locomotives and aircraft.

The pollution of the waters of the World Ocean

• Contamination with oil and oil products is the most common phenomenon. Oil, covering the surface of the ocean with a film, can swim along it for a long time and adversely affect living organisms.
•   Pollution by heavy metals. Every day from the ground up to 5 thousand tons of mercury is used in the ocean, used in agriculture and industry. Mercury pollution significantly reduces the primary productivity of marine waters.
• Pollution by household waste. In the seas and oceans through the rivers directly from land, from ships and barges liquid and solid household waste (faeces, settling sludge, garbage) are dumped. Some of these contaminants settle in the coastal zone.
• Pollution control. The International Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution in the Sea has an important role in the fight against marine pollution. It was adopted in 1958 and supplemented in 1960 and 1971. In 1958

Soil pollution

Pollution of the lithosphere (soil cover) occurs as a result of the formation of millions of hectares of disturbed lands arising in the process of construction and mining. An important cause of pollution is industrial and agricultural waste. In the role of the main pollutants are metals and their compounds, fertilizers, pesticides, radioactive substances. The problem of accumulating domestic garbage becomes more complicated.

Greenhouse effect

Thinning the ozone layer can lead to serious consequences for humanity. The ozone content in the atmosphere is less than 0.0001%, but it is ozone that completely absorbs the hard ultraviolet radiation of the sun.

Radioactive contamination of the biosphere

Some chemical elements are radioactive: their spontaneous decay and transformation into elements with other ordinal numbers is accompanied by radiation. The fight against radioactive contamination of the environment can only be a precautionary nature, since there are no methods of biodegradation and other mechanisms to neutralize this type of contamination of the natural environment. The greatest danger is represented by radioactive substances with a half-life from several weeks to several years: this time is sufficient for the penetration of such substances into the organism of plants and animals.

Chernobyl

Fukushima

Semipalatinsk

Extermination of flora and fauna

At least 94% of the approximately half a billion different species that lived on earth have disappeared or evolved into new species. Mass extinction in the distant past occurred as a result of unknown natural causes. At present, new, more effective ways of managing animal populations are being developed, attempts are being made to protect wildlife from anthropogenic impact, or at least to minimize this effect, in which the animal populations would no longer decrease.

Ways out of this situation

To solve global environmental problems, comprehensive, permanent international cooperation is required. Economic, legal and educational measures are needed.

Thank you for attention

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