Краткая таблица сослагательного наклонения

Adverbial clauses of condition

• Real condition – The Indicative Mood

• U nreal condition:
  a) Present Subjunctive II – if clause, Present Conditional – main clause (time reference – present or future)
  If smb. did/were doing smth. – smb. would do/be doing smth.

b ) Past Subjunctive II – if clause, Past Conditional – main clause (time reference – past)
If smb. had done/had been doing smth. – smb. would have done/have been doing smth.

c ) Sentences of split or mixed condition:
Past Subjunctive II – if clause, Present Conditional – main clause (time reference – unreal condition refers to the past, and unreal consequence refers to the present)
If smb. had done/had been doing smth. – smb. would do/be doing smth.

d ) Present Subjunctive – if clause, Past Conditional – main clause (no particular time reference: habits, features of a person or thing, unreal consequence – past)
If smb. did/were doing smth. – smb. would have done/have been doing smth.

• Asyndetically connection:
  
  

• Problematic condition:
  Present Suppositional Mood – if clause, Present/Future Indefinite/Indicative Mood – main clause

• Remote condition:
  Subjunctive II Present of the verb to be + Inf. – if clause, Present Conditional/Imperative Mood – main clause
  

Adverbial clauses of concession

• Real concession:
  The Indicative Mood Present/Past in both clauses of real concession and main clause
  

• Hypothetical concession:

The Indicative Mood or may/might + Inf. in clauses of hypothetical concession

• Unreal concession
  Present Subjunctive II + Present Conditional (present time reference), Past Subjunctive II + Past Conditional (past time reference), could/might + Indef. Inf. (present or future time reference), could/might + Perfect Inf. (past time reference)

Subject clauses

a ) The Suppositional Mood (Subjunctive Mood) in subject clauses after the expressions of necessity, recommendation, order, suggestion, decision, etc.
(It is/was advisable, desirable, important, necessary, obligatory, preferable) [that smb. should do/do smth.]
(It is/was agreed, arranged, decided, demanded, proposed, recommended, suggested, requested) [that smb. should do/do smth.]

b) The Indicative Mood including should+Inf. (emotional should) is used in subject subordinate clauses after the expressions of regret, surprise, pleasure, displeasure, etc.
(It is/was amazing, annoying, cruel, curious, good, funny, nice, odd, pleasant, surprising, terrible, wonderful) [that smb. should do/have done/does/did/will do smth.]
(It puzzled, outraged, startled, surprised me) [that smb. should do/have done/does/did/will do smth.]

c) The Present Subjunctive II is used after the idiomatic phrase it is time (it is high time, it is about time) to express the speaker’s disapproval, reproach, critical attitude towards the action which is not happening.

Object Clauses

1. T he Suppositional Mood – in object clause after the lexical units expressing necessity, recommendation, order, suggestion, decision, request, etc.
   (I command, demand, insist, request, beg, suggest, propose, advise, recommend, arrange, decide, prefer) [that smb. should do/do smth.]

2. Present Subjunctive II in object clauses after the verb to wish to denote a strong unrealizable wish or regret after any tense form in the main clause.
   

3. Past Subjunctive II is used in the object clause after any tense form in the main clause.
   

4. Subjunctive II after I’d rather/sooner to denote a preference, strong unrealizable wish or regret about smb’s actions.
   

5. In object clauses after the expressions of fear, apprehension, worry:
   – that + may/might + Inf.
   – lest + Suppositional Mood (literary style)

Adverbial clauses of comparison

As if, as though – predicative clauses when they follow such verbs as to look, to sound, to feel, to smell, to taste that serve as link-verbs.
Sub. clause simultaneous with main clause – Present Subjunctive
Sub. clause precedes main clause – Past Subjunctive
Sub. clause follows main clause – would + Infinitive

Adverbial clauses of purpose

1. After the conjunctions that, so that, in order, and so modal phrases may/ might + Infinitive or can/ could + Infinitive are used.

2. If a verb in the subordinate clause is used in the negative form, should not + Infinitive is preferred.

3. In clauses of purpose introduced by the conjunction lest to mean ‘for fear that’ (чтобы… не) should + Infinitive is generally used in the subordinate clause.

Appositive and Predicative clauses

1. An appositive clause discloses the meaning of an abstract noun (which is called antecedent): thing, reason, point, comment, remark, probability, idea, fact, consequence, feature, etc. It may be introduced by the conjunctions that, if, whether, as though, conjunctive pronouns and adverbs what, how. The Indicative Mood is commonly used in this kind of clauses.

2. In appositive and predicative clauses after nouns expressing order, suggestion, wish, decision, hesitation, etc. the Suppositional Mood + Infinitive (or rarely Subjunctive I) is used.

1. After the expressions of fear (trouble, apprehension, etc.) should + Infinitive (or rarely Subjunctive I) is used in appositive and predicative clauses.

Traditional use of forms expressing unreality

• Subjunctive I is used in sentence patterns and set expressions:
  a) In wishes, slogans and mottoes
  b) In oaths, precautions, curses and imprecations
  c) In set expressions of the following kind:
  – So be it. ‘Да будет так’.
  – Come what will. / Come what may / Bring what it may. / Happen what may / Be this (that) as it may. ‘Будь, что будет’. / ‘Что случится, то случится.’
  – Be this (that) as it may. ‘Как бы то ни было’
  – Suffice (it) to say (that)... ‘Достаточно сказать, что...’
  – Far be it from me... ‘У меня и в мыслях не было...’.
  – Heaven forbid! ‘Боже упаси!’ / ‘Не дай Бог!’.
  – If need be ‘если понадобится, в случае нужды’

• Would + Infinitive is found in: as luck would have it ‘по счастливому стечению обстоятельств’; as ill luck would have it. ‘на беду, как на зло’.