Лексический практикум для автомехаников

ВАРИАНТ I

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА

Part I (часть I)

1. Read the text and do the following exercise (Прочтите текст и выполните следующие упражнения):

COMPONENTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE

1. Basically, the automobile consists of three parts: the power plant, or the engine, the chassis and the body. To these may be added the accessories: the heater, lights, radio, speedometer and other devices.

2. The power plant, or engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

3. The chassis consists of a power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs. The chassis includes brakes and steering system.

4. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive.

5. The clutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by the clutch pedal.

6. Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or stop the car. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, they are applied and the car stops.

2. Translate into Russian in writing paragraphs 1, 3, 5, 6. (Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 1, 3, 5, 6.)

3. Find the right column of Russian equivalents of English words and phrases. (Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний):

ВАРИАНТ 2

ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА

Part I (часть I)

1. Read the text and do the following exercise (Прочтите текст и выполните следующие упражнения):

THE ENGINE

1. The engine is the source of power that makes the car move. It is usually called an internal combustion engine because gasoline is burned within its cylinders or combustion chambers. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders.

2. The operating cycle of the four-stroke engine that takes place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four strokes. The upper limit of the Piston movement is called the top dead centre. The lower limit of piston Movement is called the bottom dead centre. A stroke is the piston movement from the top dead centre to the bottom dead centre, or from the bottom dead centre to the top dead centre. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes the direction of its motion.

3. Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four stroked (two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four-stroke cycle engine. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust.

4. Two-cycle engines have also been made, and in such engines tin! entire cycle of events is completed in two strokes or one revolution of the crankshaft.

5. On the intake stroke the intake valve is opened. The mixture of; and vaporized gasoline is delivered into the cylinder through the inlet valve.

On the compression stroke the inlet valve is closed so that the mixture can be compressed.

On the power stroke both valves (inlet and exhaust) are closed in order to rise pressure during the mixture combustion.

On the exhaust stroke the exhaust valve is opened to exhaust the residual gas.

2. Translate into Russian in writing paragraphs 2, 5. (Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 2, 5.)

3. Find the right column of Russian equivalents of English words and phrases. (Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний):