Подготовка к ВПР 7 класс. Задание 2 – тексты для чтения 15 вариантов.
1 Many pieces of clothing are invented for a functional purpose before they ever become fashionable, but as they become symbolic of a certain kind of lifestyle, certain items become expressive of meaning. For example, cowboy boots originated as functional footwear for men working in the West. Cowboys were seen as rugged and individualistic because of the demands of their occupation, and cowboy boots have persisted as a choice fashion item for people wishing to express these values. Even when worn far from ranches or cows, cowboy boots continue to signify values that appeal to people everywhere. Fashion is often fueled by the desire to be different enough to stand out but similar to belong to the group that your clothing helps to identify.
2 Sports is something which almost all of us have done at some point in our lives. But, there are a few people who take it to a whole new level and do some of the most daring sports possible. Scuba diving is not for the faint-hearted. It was wonderful to explore the underwater world, but it is filled with many dangers. If a diver ascends too fast to reach the surface, it can lead to a life threatening condition. Then there is always a chance of getting attacked by such dangerous underwater animal as a shark. Mountain Climbing involves climbing up and down the mountains. The climbers are exposed to many risks. The sport requires the climbers to be extremely fit and you have to have years of experience before moving on to climb some of the tougher mountains.
3. What is the most popular sport in the world? Football, of course! This is the favourite game in 160 countries in the world. Millions of people play football on the streets, in parks and of course in a football pitch. In Russia this sport is very popular, too. Many people play football with friends at weekends and watch it on television. Russia was awarded the 2018 FIFA World Cup on the 2nd of December 2018, hosting the tournament for the first time. The event took place from 14 June to 15 July 2018, in which the Russian team had its best performance since the 1966 tournament, reaching the quarter-finals for the first time since the breakup of the Soviet Union, where they lost to eventual finalists Croatia.
Unfortunately, Russia has never won any football World Cup. That is why Russian fans are very pessimistic. They think up jokes about Russian football players, but deep in their hearts they hope that someday Russia will definitely win!
4. We go to a theatre to see a play, that is to say, a performance given by actors and actresses. A play of a serious character, dealing with important human problems is called a tragedy. A play of a humorous, lighter character is a comedy. Dramatists are called playwrights nowadays, and there are no longer such great dramatists as Shakespeare or Show.
If we want to go to a theatre, we buy tickets at a box office and show them to an attendant at an entrance. In the building, there is a hall, a large foyer and a cloakroom where we leave our overcoats, hats, etc. An audience can walk in the foyer in the intervals. Many doors lead to an auditorium consisting of stalls, boxes, and balconies. In front of the auditorium, there is a curtain separating it from a stage. The curtain rises when a play begins and falls at the end of each act.
5. Life in a city is much easier than in the country — developed transport system, sports clubs, shopping mails, etc. Modern men are too sophisticated for simple country pleasures. There is far more entertainment in a city than in the country. Cities offer high concentration of good things in life: big stores, restaurants, theatres, cinema, art galleries. Life is more convenient in a city, as services are always better there. It is possible to go out, make friends and never be cut off from them by weather conditions. Generally, people do not mind what you do in a city. In the country, everybody knows you and expects you to live and behave in a certain way. Moreover, life is never dull in a city; people always have something to do there.
It is needless to say that citizens are more advantaged in education. Students have museum classes and excursions. They can attend lectures and preparatory courses, and therefore have more chances to enter this or that university. After graduating from a university, the residents of big cities are more likely to find a prestigious and well-paid job. They are more communicative, more experienced. They usually have more friends and relatives to help them. In a city, people have more chances to succeed.
6. Robots start to play an active role in the medical check-ups of patients. They can do it at a distance if a patient is very far away from the hospital. Robotic technology is very important in telemedicine, but these days robots go one step further. They can move patrol hospital corridors and call on the rooms to check on patients' health. After the examination of the patient, the robot can put all the results on record for the doctor to see and make further instructions to the medical staff. Medical robots look like a mobile cart with a video screen and medical monitoring equipment. The cart "knows" which way to go and which patients to monitor at a given time. This device frees the doctors' time.
7. In the past, wealthy people travelled to distant parts of the world to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, experience new cultures, and taste different cuisines. During the Roman Republic, coastal resorts were popular among the rich. Modern tourism can be traced to what was known as the Grand Tour, which was a traditional trip around Europe, especially Germany and Italy, undertaken by mainly upper-class. Mass tourism developed with improvements in technology, which allowed to transport a large number of people in a short period of time to places of leisure interest, so that greater numbers of people could began to enjoy the benefits of their leisure time. Nowadays, tourists have a wide range of budgets and tastes, and a wide variety of resorts and hotels have developed to cater for them. For example, some people prefer simple beach vacations while others want more specialized holidays and quieter resorts.
8. A lot of people enjoy camping. It is a great chance to spend some time in the fresh air. If you want to go camping, you need to get some things. First of all, you will need a tent. You may also wish to buy a sleeping bag or a mat. This way you can go camping even if it's raining. You will also need food which is easy to cook. Take a camera. You will want to take pictures of all the beautiful things that you see around you. Your mobile phone and a compass are a must. Do not take too many things. However, safety comes first — do not forget a first aid kit.
9. Physical Education is one of the subjects taught at school. Students do many different sports, exercises, and activities. There are many types of physical fitness. Physical education keeps kids and adults fit and active. It is very important for their health and well-being.
Scientists have shown that brain development and physical exercise go hand in hand. Physical education can help academic success. It is important to educate people in the field of healthy and smart ways to stay active.
10 The Internet entered the life of people in the 20th century. It took us less than ten years to face the fact of its spreading all over the world, including the developing countries. It has become not only the hugest information resource in the world, but one of the most rapid means of communication. People from different countries have got an opportunity to communicate with each other in quite a short time. In comparison with a snail-mail or even airmail, an e-mail gets over distance and time, borders of states with a fascinating speed.
Thus, people get closer to each other. Now they have got a chance to get to know each other better, to become aware of what is common among nations and unites them, and what is different.
11 Sleep is food for the brain. During sleeping, important body functions and brain activity occur. Skipping sleep can be really harmful. You can look bad, you may feel moody, perform poorly. Sleepiness can make it hard to get along with your family and friends and hurt your scores on school exams. Teens need about 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night to function best. Unfortunately, most teens do not get enough sleep.
Not getting enough sleep or having sleep difficulties can limit your ability to learn, listen, concentrate and solve problems. You may even forget important information like names, numbers, your homework or a date with a special person in your life. Moreover, lack of sleep can lead to aggressive or inappropriate behavior
12 Chinese food is famous all over the world. Chinese cuisine has countless delicious and fantastic dishes. Ingredients of Chinese food are various and sometimes shocking to foreigners. Chinese cuisine varies even across China. There are many regional cuisines with different flavours: spicy, sweet, sour. China has its own unique dining culture and etiquette, which foreign visitors may find quite different from what they are used to. Chinese use chopsticks to pick up food, not knives and forks. There are usually not salt or pepper shakers, or tomato sauce on the table, but you may find bottles of soy sauce, vinegar, and chilli paste on the table. Some Chinese restaurant can be quite noisy and smoky where people don't control their talking volume or smoking. Tips are not expected in Chinese restaurant, as the service fee is included in the food price.
13 Scientists have discovered that being an only child doesn't just lead to differences in behaviour. It actually influences a child's brain development. The participants in this latest study were given tests to measure their intelligence and personality. In addition, their brains were scanned with special machines.
Although the results didn't show any difference in intelligence between the two groups, they did reveal that only children are more flexible in their thinking. But according to personality tests, they are not always really nice people.
As for the brain scanning, only children had more volume in the areas associated with language understanding. By contrast, the brains of only children had less volume in the areas which are responsible for emotions.
14 A recent study shows that some male cockatoos create their own musical tools for drumming. The drumming and rhythm seem to be an extra component made to impress the ladies. Each bird has its own distinct style. Other animals (e.g. frogs and birds) use drumming and music to communicate as well, but cockatoos can drum at a steady rhythm, with a totally unique style, for up to half an hour — which takes quite a bit of practice.Moreover, plenty of animals use tools, but far fewer make those tools themselves. Among humans, a regular beat is associated with group-based activity, especially dancing. As for the cockatoos, drumming with a regular beat is a done solo.
15 Modern cell phones are capable of much more than just sending and receiving phone calls. Mobile phones used in today's world allow users to send and receive text messages, emails, photos and videos as well as access the internet, play games, listen to music, use GPS and more. The cell phone has become an important communication tool that is used by people all over the world to keep in contact with each other at any time.
Despite all the positive benefits of cell phones, there are also some negative side effects which include the danger of cell phones being used while driving, students cheating on tests by using their cell phone to access information. Cell phones are often banned in classrooms due to the distractions they can cause.
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