The plural of nouns.

The plural of nouns

Sukhanova E.S.

snake s          dream --- dream s bicycle --- bicycle s                                                             " width="640"

Plural of nouns

General rule : add an " -s " to the word.

  snake --- snake s       

  dream --- dream s

bicycle --- bicycle s

But there are exceptions:

1) Irregular :

three children   

one child          

one mouse     two mice

Same problem for:

      man     woman     foot     tooth     goose     louse    ox    person   

    men     women     feet      teeth     geese     lice       oxen    people

2) Words ending in '-sh,-ch, -x, -s, -z '  : add   -es

   one box      three box es          one witch             two witch es

Same rule: dish es     kiss es    bus es    buzz es

3) Words ending in: '- f '/ '- fe ' : plural form =  - ves

One leaf    three lea ves         (wolf)          three wol ves

  knife, loaf, half, shelf, wife, calf, life, thief

BUT :   chief s        safe s        cliff s    

4) Words ending in : 'consonant + y ' = plural : - ies

two bab ies    

  same rule: lady, story, fly, country, spy  

BUT   :     toy s   ,    boy s   ,    day s   ,    key s

5) Words ending in 'consonant + o' = plural :  -es

         same rule:   mosquito,   hero,   veto; echo six tomato es                             BUT:    scenario s  ,   video s  ,   kangaroo s

And these foreign words:   piano,   kimono,   photo,   dynamo   ( -s  )   

plural: ' -es '                                        (oasis)  two oas es                             Same rule:   axis,   crisis,    thesis,   diagnosis                                       " width="640"

6) Same word for the singular and the plural forms:

          two sheep               one deer      three deer two aircraft

7) Words ending in '-is' - plural: ' -es '  

(oasis)  two oas es                             Same rule:   axis,   crisis,    thesis,   diagnosis

vertebrae S timulus - stimuli " width="640"

8) Other exceptions:

From foreign languages:

V ertebra - vertebrae

S timulus - stimuli

piano s , photo s , ghetto s , kilo s . - words ending with a consonant +  y  : hobb ies , bab ies , famil ies , lad ies , countr ies , stor ies . II) Words in  f , fe , lf Most of the words ending with  f, fe, lf have their plural in - ves. Examples:  shelf -- shel ves  ; leaf -- lea ves  ; wife -- wi ves  ; Knife -- kni ves . " width="640"

Plural of words

I) Plural in - es Some words end with   es  (pronunciation IZ) : - words ending with  s, x, sh, ch  : dre ss es , bu s es , ta x es , bo x es , bru sh es , matches. - words ending with  o  : tomato es , potato es ,  BUT  - piano s , photo s , ghetto s , kilo s . - words ending with a consonant +  y  : hobb ies , bab ies , famil ies , lad ies , countr ies , stor ies . II) Words in  f , fe , lf

Most of the words ending with  f, fe, lf have their plural in - ves. Examples:  shelf -- shel ves  ; leaf -- lea ves  ; wife -- wi ves  ;

Knife -- kni ves .

  men goose- geese woman -  women child -  children foot -  feet tooth -  teeth mouse -  mice penny -  pence. " width="640"

III) Irregular plural Some words have irregular plurals. As for the irregular verbs you have to know them by heart.

Examples:  

man -  men goose- geese

woman -  women child -  children foot -  feet tooth -  teeth mouse -  mice penny -  pence.

two moose  one sheep -- two sheep  one aircraft -- two aircraft Words of Greek or Latin origin which have retained their original endings will generally take the plural form associated with the language they are drawn from: one alumnus -- two alumni  one syllabus -- two syllabi  one alumna -- two alumnae  one alga -- many algae  one criterion -- many criteria  one thesis -- two theses  one forum -- many fora (or : forums) one hypothesis -- two hypotheses  one phenomenon -- two phenomena  one cactus -- two cacti (or : cactuses)  one diagnosis -- two diagnoses  one oasis -- two oases  one analysis -- two analyses  " width="640"

  A small set of words do not change form in the plural:

one moose -- two moose  one sheep -- two sheep  one aircraft -- two aircraft

Words of Greek or Latin origin which have retained their original endings will generally take the plural form associated with the language they are drawn from:

one alumnus -- two alumni  one syllabus -- two syllabi  one alumna -- two alumnae  one alga -- many algae  one criterion -- many criteria  one thesis -- two theses  one forum -- many fora (or : forums)

one hypothesis -- two hypotheses 

one phenomenon -- two phenomena  one cactus -- two cacti (or : cactuses)  one diagnosis -- two diagnoses  one oasis -- two oases  one analysis -- two analyses 

two men  one woman -- two women  one person -- two people  one foot -- two feet  one mouse -- two mice  one goose -- two geese  one tooth -- two teeth  one child -- two children one wife -- two wives  one knife -- two knives  one thief -- two thieves  one potato -- two potatoes  one leaf -- two leaves  one life -- two lives  one loaf -- two loaves  one half -- two halves  one dwarf -- two dwarves (or: dwarfs)  " width="640"

A few words have very irregular forms in the plural:

one man -- two men  one woman -- two women  one person -- two people  one foot -- two feet  one mouse -- two mice  one goose -- two geese  one tooth -- two teeth  one child -- two children

one wife -- two wives  one knife -- two knives  one thief -- two thieves  one potato -- two potatoes  one leaf -- two leaves  one life -- two lives  one loaf -- two loaves  one half -- two halves 

one dwarf -- two dwarves (or: dwarfs) 

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