"Active Voice, Passive Voice" к урокам английского языка в 8 классе;

Государственное казенное общеобразовательное учреждение

Свердловской области

«Екатеринбургская школа-интернат «Эверест»

Действительный и страдательный залог К урокам английского языка в 8 классе

Учитель английского языка Берлет И. В.

Екатеринбург, 2016

Active voice and Passive Voice

By Berlet Irina

Yekaterinburg, 2016

Залог – это форма глагола, которая показывает: сам предмет или лицо производит действие ( действительный залог ) или действие производится над предметом ( страдательный залог ).

Действительный залог

Pete and Ann read the book yesterday.

Страдательный залог

The book was read by Pete and Ann yesterday.

В страдательном залоге часто не упоминается кем или чем (при помощи чего) производится действие, но если эта информация нужна, то используют предлоги BY (кем) или WITH (при помощи чего).

The letter was written by Ann.

The letter was written with a pen.

Образование страдательного залога

Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола

to be , который изменяется по временам, и третьей формы смыслового глагола (описывает само действие) V 3 , которая остается неизменной.

to be + V 3

to be + V 3

to be + V 3

to be + V 3

to be + V 3

Формы глагола в страдательном залоге Группа «Simple»: to be + V 3

Present Simple

A lot of books are printed every year.

Past

Много книг печатается каждый год.

Simple

These books were printed last year.

Future Simple

His new book will be printed next year.

Эти книги были напечатаны в прошлом году.

Его новая книга будет напечатана в следующем году.

Группа «Progressive»: to be + being + V3

Present Progressive

The book is being read at the moment.

Past Progressive

Книга читается в данный момент.

The book was being read when I phoned.

Future Progressive

Книгу читали, когда я звонил.

Не существует!

Группа «Perfect»: to have + been + V3

Present Perfect

The letter has just been written.

Past

Письмо только что написано.

Perfect

The letter had been written before Kate came.

Future Perfect

The letter will have been written by the closing of the post office.

Письмо было написано до прихода Кати.

Письмо будет написано до закрытия почты.

Образование утвердительных предложений

Группа «Simple»: to be + V 3

Present Simple

Am

Past

Is V 3

Future Simple

Simple

was

I am asked at every lesson.

Are

The room is cleaned once a week.

will be V 3

The cat was fed yesterday.

These rules were explained last week.

He will be sent on business to London next month.

These dogs are walked twice a day.

were

The text will be translated in March.

V 3

Группа «Progressive»: to be + being + V3

Present Progressive

am

Past Progressive

is being V 3

Future Progressive

The dog is being walked at the moment.

was

Не существует!

being V 3

I am being asked now.

are

The TV was being watched when Dad came.

The trees were being cut down when the tourists arrived.

were

These articles are being published now.

Группа «Perfect»: to have + been + V3

Present Perfect

have

Past

been V 3

They have been seen.

Perfect

had been V 3

Future Perfect

has

This article has already been published.

will have been V 3

The text had been read before the teacher came.

The car will have been repaired by our arriving.

Образование вопросительных предложений

Группа «Simple»: to be + V 3

Present Simple

Past

Am

was

Is … V 3

Am I asked at every lesson?

Future Simple

Simple

will … be V 3

Was the cat fed yesterday?

…

Is the room cleaned once a week?

Are

were

Were these rules explained last week?

Are these dogs walked twice a day?

Will he be sent on business to London next month?

Will the text be translated in March?

V 3

… - место подлежащего

Группа «Progressive»: to be + being + V3

Present Progressive

Past Progressive

am

is … being V 3

Is the dog being walked at the moment?

Future Progressive

was

Was the TV being watched when Dad came?

Не существует!

… being V 3

Am I being asked now?

are

were

Were the trees being cut down when the tourists arrived?

Are these articles being published now?

… - место подлежащего

Группа «Perfect»: to have + been + V3

Present Perfect

have

Past

… been V 3

Have the children been seen?

Perfect

had … been V 3

Future Perfect

has

Has this article been published?

Had the text been read before the teacher came?

will … have been V 3

Will the car have been repaired by our arriving?

… - место подлежащего

Специальные вопросы

Present Simple

Past Simple

Am/ Is/ Are … V 3

Future Simple

What

Present Progressive

Why am I asked at every lesson?

Was/were … V 3

Will … be V 3

How is the room cleaned once a week?

When

When was the cat fed?

Am/is/are … being V 3

Where will this film be seen first?

Past Progressive

Where

How is the dog being walked at the moment?

Was/were … being V 3

Why

Future Progressive

How

Why was the TV being watched when Dad came?

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

When

Не существует!

When

Future Perfect

Have/has … been V 3

Had … been V 3

When

Where has this article been published?

Where have they been seen?

How had the text been read before the teacher came?

Will … have been V 3

Where will the car have been repaired by our arriving?

… - место подлежащего

Вопросы с Who/What

Present Simple

Who/what is V 3

Past Simple

Who/what was V 3

Future Simple

What is written on the fence?

Who/what will be V 3

What was found before our scientists began learning that problem?

Present Progressive

Who will be asked at the next English lesson?

Who/what is being V 3

Past Progressive

Who/what was being V 3

Present Perfect

What is being watched by you now?

Who/what has been V 3

Past Perfect

What was being drawn by him when we came?

Who/what had been V 3

Who has been invited?

Future Perfect

Who had been seen in the Central park?

Who/what will have been V 3

What will have been read by the beginning of the lesson?

Образование отрицательных предложений

Сокращения:

Is not = isn’t

Are not = aren’t

Will not = won’t

Have not = haven’t

Has not = hasn’t

Группа «Simple»: to be + not + V 3

Present Simple

Am

Past

Is not V 3

Simple

Future Simple

was

I am not asked at every lesson.

Are

will not be V 3

The cat wasn’t fed yesterday.

not

The room isn’t cleaned once a week.

These rules weren’t explained last week.

These dogs aren’t walked twice a day.

He won’t be sent on business to London next month.

were

The text won’t be translated in March.

V 3

Группа «Progressive»: to be + not + being + V3

Present Progressive

Past Progressive

am

Future Progressive

is not being V 3

The dog isn’t being walked at the moment.

was

Не существует!

not being V 3

The TV wasn’t being watched when Dad came.

I am not being asked now.

are

The trees weren’t being cut down when the tourists arrived .

were

Группа «Perfect»: to have + not + been + V3

Present Perfect

have

Past

not been V 3

They haven’t been seen.

Perfect

had not been V 3

Future Perfect

has

This article hasn’t been published yet.

will not have been V 3

The text hadn’t been read before the teacher came.

The car won’t have been repaired by our arriving.

Способы перевода предложений в страдательном залоге на русский язык

The book is read.

Книга прочитана.

The letter was written.

Письмо было написано.

The test will be done.

Тест будет выполнен.

При помощи глагола «быть» и краткой формы причастия страдательного залога.

Глагол «быть» в настоящем времени опускается.

Способы перевода предложений в страдательном залоге на русский язык

This newspaper is read every day.

Эту газету читают каждый день.

The letters were written last week.

Письма были написаны на прошлой неделе.

These tests will have been done by the next lesson.

Эти тесты будут выполнены к следующему уроку.

Неопределенно-личными предложениями

Способы перевода предложений в страдательном залоге на русский язык

С помощью глаголов, которые оканчиваются на

-ся

The newspaper is being read.

Газета читается.

The test was being done.

Тест выполнялся.

The theatre will be built.

Театр будет строиться.

Выполните упражнения

Past

Present Progressive

Simple

Future Simple

Past Progressive

Present Perfect

Past

What translator are you?

Perfect

Future Perfect

Present Simple

• Once a week, the house ( clean ) by Tom.
• The planets ( attract ) by the sun.
• I ( invite ) to my friends’ party.
• The students ( teach ) by the famous professor.
• The dishes ( wash ) by me on Sundays.
• … English ( speak ) in many countries?
• Letters ( deliver ) by postmen.

Поставь глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

Past Simple

• … his books ( translate ) into Russian?
• They ( teach ) French last year.
• The car ( repair ) by Sam.
• He ( go ) after.
• A beautiful picture ( show ) to me.
• He ( give ) a book.
• "Poltava" ( write ) by Pushkin in 1828.
• The radio ( invent ) by Popov in 1895.

Поставь глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

Future Simple

• The matter ( discuss ) at the next meeting.
• The documents ( send ) to the manager tomorrow.
• The work ( finish ) by 5:00 PM.
• The parcel ( deliver ) next week.
• The pupil ( ask ) at the lesson.
• The cake ( make ) on Sunday.
• Presents ( give ) next month.

Поставь глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

Present Progressive

• The teacher ( not, listen to ) now.
• This article ( read ) at the moment.
• The dinner ( not, cook ).
• This newspaper ( buy ) right now.
• The text ( do ) now.
• The doll ( not, give ) at the moment.
• … this TV program ( watch )?
• Do you hear, our favourite song ( sing )?

Поставь глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

Past Progressive

• The pupils ( not, ask ) when the bell rang.
• … TV (watch) when Dad came?
• These shoes ( not, clean ) when it rained.
• Our car ( repair ) when we called the car manager.
• The animals ( feed ) when we walked in the Zoo.

Поставь глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

What translator are you?

Translate into English

• Этот фильм смотрят каждую новогоднюю ночь.
• Этот вопрос задавался учеными много раз в прошлом веке.
• Наш автомобиль починят до возвращения детей с летних каникул?
• Какую телевизионную программу будут смотреть завтра?
• Тест не будет закончен к концу этого месяца.

Check

• This film is watched every New Year night.
• Last century this question was asked by our scientists a lot of times.
• Will our car have been repaired before our children come from their summer holidays?
• What kind of TV program will be watched tomorrow?
• The test won’t have been finished by the end of this month.

Present Perfect

• The dictation ( already, write ).
• This information ( not, yet, know ).
• The magazine ( just, read ).
• … the cake ( be ready )?
• The library ( already, built ).
• My dog ( just, feed ).
• He ( just, see ) in the park.
• Her composition ( never, read ).
• Their car ( repair ).

Поставь глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

Past Perfect

• The homework ( do ) by the evening yesterday.
• That book ( not, read ) by the last lesson.
• The room ( clean ) before our guests came.
• That work ( finish ) before he phoned.
• The presents ( give ) by the end of our meeting.

Поставь глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

Future Perfect

• The new English words ( learn ) by the next lesson.
• The newspaper ( read ) by the next week.
• The pets ( feed ) before we come.
• This information ( tell ) him before he knows the truth.
• … our country house ( built ) by the summer?

Поставь глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

Well done! Thanks!