Comparatives Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs .

Comparison degrees

• the comparative degree (сравнительная)
• the superlative degree

( превосходная)

Способы образования степеней сравнения в английском языке зависят от количества слогов в именах прилагательных.

Прилагательные делятся на две группы:

Одно и двусложные (слово состоит из одного или двух слогов) tall, small, hot, happy, clever Многосложные (слово состоит из трёх и более слогов) wonderful, beautiful, interesting

К одно и двусложным прилагательным добавляется:

the comparative degree

small

- er

the superlative degree

small er

the -est

the small est

Конечная гласная е опускается перед суффиксами -еr, -est:

larg e - larg er – the larg est

whit e - whit er – the whit est

nic e – nic er -the nic est

wid e – wid er – the wid est

lat e – lat er – the lat est

Если односложное прилагательное оканчивается на краткую гласную+ согласную , то согласная буква удваивается :

• bi g – bi gg er – the bi gg est
• ho t – ho tt er – the ho tt est

Если слово оканчивается на букву – у , а перед ней стоит согласная буква , то буква – у меняется на –i :

• bus y - bus ier - the bus iest
• happ y – happ ier – the happ iest

К многосложным прилагательным добавляется:

the comparative degree

sociable

more

the superlative degree

more sociable

the most sociable

the most

Exceptions!!!!

good –better – the best

little – less – the least

many – more –the most

much – more – the most

bad – worse – the worst

old – older – the oldest (по возрасту)

old – elder – the eldest (по старшинству в семье)

far – farther –the farthest (далекий - дальше- самый далекий, о расстоянии)

far – further – the furthest (далекий - далее – дальнейший, о времени)

late – later (позже) – the latest (самый последний)

near – nearer – the nearest (ближайший, о расстоянии)

near – nearer – the next (следующий – по порядку)

Типы сравнительных оборотов

• as+ adjective+ as

The blue skirt is as expensive as the red one.

• less +adjective + than

Paul is less successful than his brother.

• the least + adjective +of/in

She is the least ambitious person in the company.

• much/a lot/ far/ a little bit/ slightly + comparative

Ben is slightly older than Clare.

• the + comparative, the + comparative

The longer the day went, the more tired she become.

• by far + superlative (показывает разницу между схожими объектами)

Last year was by far the best the company ever had.

A mini-test

• Tchaikovsky is by far (talented) composer of the 19th century.
• The Planets is Vivaldi’s (famous) work.
• He has been practicing a lot so his music is getting (good) and (good).
• Vivaldi has (good) musical output .
• This is (bad) song I have ever heard.
• Which of these pictures do you think is (good)?
• I think this painting must have been much (difficult) to paint than that one.

• the most talented
• most famous
• better and better
• the biggest
• the worst
• better
• more difficult

A mini-test

• more accurately
• more slowly
• less , more
• more , easier
• faster

• Ryan draws much……………… (accurately) than I do.
• Could you speak a bit ……………(slowly), please?
• The jewel-like sculptures look ……….(little) like art and……………. (much) like food.
• The ...................... (much) Jane practiced, the ...................... (easy) it became for her to make pots.
• She runs …………..(fast) than Kate.

A mini-test

• 1).My father is heavy. My uncle is much ____________than my father. 2). The test in Geography was easy, but the test in Biology was______________. 3).Sochi is sunny. Do you know the _____________ place in Russia? 4).Sten is a successful sportsman. His sister is __________ than Sten. 5).My mother has a soft voice. But my sister`s voice is __________ than my mother’s. 6). Amy has a beautiful baby, but my daughter has the __________ baby on earth.

heavier

easier

sunniest

more successful

softer

most beautiful

Use “as…as” or “not as…as” in the sentences below.

• a. Today it’s ________________ yesterday. (not/ windy)
• b. This copy is ____________ the other one. (bad)
• c. Simon is ____________ Fred. (not/ tall)
• d. Grapefruit juice is ________________ lemonade. (not/ sweet)
• e. Silver is _________________ gold. (not/ heavy)
• f. Oliver is ______________ Peter. (optimistic)

not as windy as

as bad as

not as tall as

not as sweet as

not as heavy as

as optimistic as