Исследовательская работа по английскому языку "Сравнительный анализ числительных на примере русских и английских народных сказок".

«Сравнительный анализ числительных на примерах русских и английских народных сказках».

Выполнила обучающаяся 3 класса МБОУ ООШ с. Зайцево Жачкина Даниэла.

Numerals are the main invention of mankind. The people speaking different languages understand numerals without translation. We will analyze features of numerals on examples the English and Russian fairy tales. "The world is built by force of numbers",- said Pythagoras. "Everything is number", - believed the ancient scientist. It divided all numbers into two groups: even and odd. Problem: pupils read very little.

What role is played by even and odd numbers in fairy tales? Fairy tales are the most surprising works. They don't know the power of time. The purpose of this work is to find out what role was played by even and odd numbers in English and Russian fairy tales. Relevance: reading English-speaking literature is one of the most important aspects of effective training.

Research problems:

• 1. I find and read popular English and Russian national fairy tales.
• 2. I find examples of the use of numbers in the English and Russian national fairy tales.
• 3. I analyze the rate of the use of numbers in these works.
• 4. I compare the role of even and odd numbers in fairy tales.
• 5. I make the comparative analysis of the use of numbers and generalize the received results.
• 6. What fairy tales with numerals do schoolmates read?

Subject of research: Russian national and English national fairy tales.

• Hypothesis: The odd number three is more often used in fairy tales.

Research methods:

• Studying literature on a subject (got acquainted with several scientific works on this problem)
• • A search method (I found and read the most interesting Russian and English national fairy tales; I found examples of the use of numerals in fairy tales);
• • Comparison (carried out comparison of even and odd numbers in fairy tales)
• • After an analyze (make the final decision, carried out questioning pupils, make conclusions, made the application)
• • The practical importance of this work is that reading fairy tales in the original language helps to expand a lexicon, to improve grammatical knowledge and practical abilities of knowledge of English.

Numbers in the Russian fairy tales.

• Numerals are used a little in fiction. How much are the even and odd numbers used in the text? I decided to answer this question. That why’s I analyze fairy tales. In the work we tried to track use of numbers and their symbolical in the Russian national fairy tales. We selected 10 fairy tales by method of the casual choice.

These are the Russian national fairy tales: "Seven Simeonov" (ap. №. 1), "The Ivan- son and wonderful yodo" (ap. №. 2), "Tsarevna-Lyagushka" (ap. №. 3), "On pike command" (ap. №. 4), "Kroshechka-Havroshechka" (ap. № 5), "The flying ship" (ap №. 6), "The tale of a silver saucer and a bulk apple" (ap. №. 7), "Ivan Bykovich and miracle yodo" (ap. №. 8), "Nesmeyanna - tsarevna" (ap. №. 9), "The talkative woman" (ap. №. 10).

We established that the following numerals: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 15, 100 occurs in fairy tales. There are 139 numbers in the fairy tales. The numeral “three” is the most widespread. It is used 44 times (32%). The three of characters (three sons (daughter) of the fantastic tsar, three baba, three devils, three nights, etc.

Number "1" is on the second place, it meets 31 time (24%). Use of number “one” is a feature of Russian national fairy tales. Perhaps, it is connected first of all with communal existence of Russian people, with their family traditions, with condemnation of loneliness and asceticism. Number "2" takes the third place, it meets 18 times (13%).

Numbers in English fairy tales.

• It is less numerals in English fairy tales. But they are important in the analysis of fairy tales. I analyzed the following English fairy tales: "Tom Tit Tot" (ap. №. 11), "The Gingerbread Man" (ap. №. 12), "Johnny-cake" (ap. №. 13), "Molly Whuppie" (ap. №. 14), "Cap of Rushes" (ap. №. 15), "The Fish and the Ring" (ap. №. 16), "The Red Ettin" (ap. №. 17), "The History of Tom Thumb" (ap. №. 18), "The Three Little Pigs" (ap. №. 19), "The Three sillies" (ap. №. 20).

There are 74 numerals in ten English fairy tales. The numeral “three” is the most widespread. It is used 25 times (34%). The numeral “2” is only 21 times (29%). Number “2” often symbolizes paired relationship, parity, doubling. There are always two contrasts: the good and the evil, black and white, light and agloom, heat and cold, wealth and poverty. Many plots are based on opposition of fairy tales. Numerals 10, 13, 14 aren't used.

Much important role is played by words: much, many, enough, little. Sets of the national fairy tale, on the one hand, very accurate.

• Occur in magic numerals of all types fairy tales. Cardinal numbers 1, 2, 3 often occur in the English fairy tales. Numerals 5, 11, 12 occur in the text.
• Words much, many, enough, little play an important role in fairy tales.
• Numerals hundred and thousand used often . For example,
• "He had thousands golden coins in the chest" ("The Red Ettin").

Collecting material on this subject, I interviewed all students of the main school of village Zaytsevo, and we have got the 38 students. They were to answer three questions:

• 1. Name the fairy tale in which there is a numeral. (ap. №25)
• 2. Do you know any English fairy tale? (ap. №26)
• 3. Do you know any English fairy tale with a numeral? (ap. №27)

I analyzed answers of schoolmates. There are a lot of numbers of fairy tales. They are very popular, they are known by schoolmates. The odd number had big vivid magic force. Even numbers I found a few fairy tales with even numbers.

Conclusions

• One of symbols of the fairy tale is the use of numerals based on national idea of value of numbers.
• During research work I analyzed a set of national fairy tales in which numerical expressions occur, to reveal rate of their use and a role of numbers in fairy tales. I made the following conclusions:
• -numerical expressions occurred in 10 texts of Russian national fairy tales 139 times;
• -numerical expressions occurred in 10 English national fairy tales 74 times;
• -according to the rating of rate of the use in the Russian national fairy tales number "3"is on 1st place (32%), on the second is number "1" (24%), on the third – number "2" (12%);

Conclusions

• -according to the rating of rate of the use in English national fairy tales number "3"is on the first place, (34%), on the second is number "2" (29%), on the third – number "15" (19%);
• During the research the hypothesis that number "three" is the most widespread in national fairy tales, was confirmed. Numerals are used more in Russian national fairy tales than less in English fairy tales.
• Numerals play an important role and studying their function in the fantastic text helps to see, feel deep "waters" of the text, to get into the thought put by people.

Conclusions

• As we see, national fairy tales provide us with huge space for researches and new unexpected discoveries. It is a fascinating and interesting process, fairy tales are the parables which aren't torn off from reality, they are keepers of huge volume of information about people, their customs, beliefs, ideas. Sometimes it seems that in the fairy tale there are answers to all questions. It is necessary to read carefully any work of art as only thoughtful reading will allow to make some new discoveries.

The list of references:

• 1. Bidermann G. "Encyclopedia of symbols" / "Education", 2007 – 375 pages.
• 2. V. I distance. Explanatory dictionary of living great Russian language / Sost. Shakhmatova N. V.
• 3. Zueva T. V., Cirdan B. P. Russian folklore. / M.: Flint, 1998-123 pages.
• 4. S. A. smiths. Modern explanatory dictionary of Russian. – M.: "Science", 2004. – 1200 pages.
• 5. Kuznetsov A. N. From times immemorial. / M. 2005-325 pages.
• 6. Ojegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. Explanatory dictionary., 2000. – 900 pages.
• 7. "The Russian national fairy tales". / M. 1982. - 280 pages.
• 8. Fairy tales of the Russian writers. – M of 1980. – 251pages.
• 9. "Fairy tales" / M.: "The Soviet Russia", 1989. – 300 pages.
• 10. The encyclopedia for school students. / M.: "Labyrinth", 1998 - 450 pages.
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Thank you for your attention!