КОСы для студентов специальности Акушерское дело

ГБОУ СПО СК «Ставропольский базовый медицинский колледж»

Комплект

контрольно-оценочных средств

по предмету

Иностранный язык

Для специальности 31.02.02 Акушерское дело

На базе среднего (полного) общего образования

Г. Ставрополь

2015г.

Разработчики:

1.«Ставропольский базовый медицинский колледж» председатель ЦМК иностранных языков Л.Г.Михайленко

2.«Ставропольский базовый медицинский колледж» преподаватель ЦМК иностранных языков К.П.Усова

3. «Ставропольский базовый медицинский колледж» преподаватель ЦМК иностранных языков О.В.Гусарева

Содержание

1. Контрольно – оценочные материалы для дифференцированного зачета

   1. Формы проведения дифференцированного зачета

   2. Форма оценочной ведомости (заполняется на каждого обучающегося)

   3. Форма комплекта материалов для дифференцированного зачета

   4. Перечень вопросов для дифференцированного зачета

   5. Перечень устных тем

   6. Критерии оценки

1.Паспорт комплекта контрольно – оценочных средств

1.1. Область применения

Комплект контрольно-оценочных средств предназначен для проверки результатов освоения программы по предмету иностранный язык.

2.Комплект контрольно-оценочных средств позволяет оценивать:

2.1 Общие компетенции (ОК):

2.2 Общие компетенции:

ОК.1 Понимать сущность и социальную значимость своей будущей профессии, проявлять к ней устойчивый интерес.

ОК.2 Организовывать собственную деятельность, исходя из цели и способов ее достижения, определенных руководителем

ОК.3 Анализировать рабочую ситуацию, осуществлять текущий и итоговый контроль, оценку и коррекцию собственной деятельности, нести ответственность за результаты своей

ОК.4 Осуществлять поиск информации, необходимой для эффективного выполнения профессиональных задач.

ОК.5 Использовать информационно-коммуникационные технологии в профессиональной деятельности

ОК.6 Работать в команде, эффективно общаться с коллегами, руководством, потребителями.

ОК.7 Бережно относиться к историческому наследию и культурным традициям, уважать социальные, культурные и религиозные различия.

ОК.8 Соблюдать правила охраны труда, противопожарной безопасности и техники безопасности.

Профессиональные и общие компетенции	Показатели оценки результата	Средства проверки (№ заданий, место, время, условия их выполнения)
1	2	3
ОК.1 Понимать сущность и социальную значимость своей будущей профессии, проявлять к ней устойчивый интерес.	Понимание сущности и социальной значимости своей будущей профессии, проявление к ней устойчивого интереса.	Интерпретация профориентационной работы проводимой для будущих абитуриентов
ОК.2 Организовывать собственную деятельность, исходя из цели и способов ее достижения, определенных руководителем	Правильность организации собственной деятельности, способов ее достижения	Интерпретация деятельности студентов при решении ситуационных задач и при выполнении работ по учебной практике, в ходе выполнения самостоятельной работы
ОК.3 Анализировать рабочую ситуацию, осуществлять текущий и итоговый контроль, оценку и коррекцию собственной деятельности, нести ответственность за результаты своей	Объективность анализа рабочей ситуации; объективность оценки собственной деятельности	Интерпретация результатов анализа и оценки собственной деятельности в ходе практических занятий.
ОК.4 Осуществлять поиск информации, необходимой для эффективного выполнения профессиональных задач.	Результативность информационного поиска Эффективность использования информации для выполнения профессиональных задач и профессионального и личностного развития	Экспертная оценка поиска и содержания информации при выполнении самостоятельной работы: - выступление с сообщениями, докладами
ОК.5 Использовать информационно-коммуникационные технологии в профессиональной деятельности	Уместность и результативность использования информационно-коммуникативных технологий при решении профессиональных задач	Интерпретация результатов наблюдения за эффективностью использования информационно – коммуникативных технологий в процессе решения профессиональных задач
ОК.6 Работать в команде, эффективно общаться с коллегами, руководством, потребителями.	Общение с обучающимися, преподавателями, работниками практического здравоохранения с применением различных форм	Интерпретация результатов наблюдения за результативностью конструирования различных форм общения и взаимодействия с обучающимися, преподавателями работниками практического здравоохранения в процессе обучения.
ОК.7 Бережно относиться к историческому наследию и культурным традициям, уважать социальные, культурные и религиозные различия.	Бережное отношение к историческому наследию и культурным традициям, уважение социальных, культурных и религиозных различий.	Интерпретация результатов наблюдения за отношением к историческому наследию, культурным традициям в процессе освоения практического модуля
ОК.8 Соблюдать правила охраны труда, противопожарной безопасности и техники безопасности.	Выполнение профессиональной деятельности с соблюдением правил охраны труда, противопожарной безопасности и техники безопасности.	Экспертное наблюдение и оценка соблюдения правил охраны труда противопожарной безопасности и техники безопасности на рабочем месте

Лексический тест

Выберите правильный вариант ответа:

1) Термин «health protection» означает:

1. быть здоровым

2. плохое здоровье

3. охрана здоровья

2) Термин «credit test» означает:

1. экзамен

2. зачет

3. практика

3) Термин «anatomical terms» означает:

1. анатомия

2. анатомические термины

3. анатомка

4) Термин «head of the Department» означает:

1. зав. кафедрой

2. зав. курсом

3. ректор

5) Термин «to divide» означает:

1. определять

1. устанавливать

1. разделять

6) Термин «scientific society» означает:

1. научный кружок

2. научный доклад

3. научный термин

7) Термин «уделять внимание чему-либо» означает:

a) to care

b) to pay attention to

c) medical attention

8) Термин «membranous» означает:

1. слизистый

2. перепончатый

3. гладкий

9) Термин «vital capacity of the lungs» означает:

a) жизненная емкость легких

b) очертание

c) уровень

10) Термин «to treat people» означает:

1. лечить людей

2. заботиться

3. уделять внимание

11) Термин «sub internship» означает:

1. курсы повышения

2. субординатура

3. аспирантура

12) Термин «angina pectoris» означает:

a) ангина

b) стенокардия

c) грипп

13) Закончите предложение по смыслу:

The medicine prescribed in case of sleeplessness is…

a) laxatives

b) sleeping draughts

c) cream

14) Термин «drug cabinet» означает:

а) ящик для хранения лекарств

b) кабинет врача

c) аптека

15) Термин «severe pain» означает:

а) острая боль

b) сильная боль

c) режущая боль

16) Вставьте пропущенное слово:

….. may cause an unfavorable reaction.

a) An overdosage

b) A good mood

c) Pain

17) Закончите предложение по смыслу:

A therapeutist was questioning the patient …

a) with great pleasure

b) thoroughly

c) without any interest

18) Закончите предложение по смыслу:

The nurse was giving the patient …

a) a present

b) an injection

c) a cup

19) Термин «to fall ill» означает:

a) заболеть

b) упасть

c) влюбиться

20) Термин «Substernal area» переводится как:

a) загрудинная область

b) ближайший

c) боковой

21) Термин «Measles» переводится как:

a) корь

b) ветрянка

c) скарлатина

22) Вставьте пропущенное слово:

My younger sister had a … throat.

a) sore

b) ill

c) cold

23) Термин «Disease» означает:

a) заболевание

b) лекарство

c) ангина

24) The method of introducing a medicine into the vein называется:

a) intravenous injection

b) intramuscular injection

c) subcutaneous injection

25) The treatment that causes good results называется:

a) effective

b) poisonous

c) mild

26) Вставьте пропущенное слово:

The patient with appendicitis must be treated at … department.

a) surgical

b) reanimation (resuscitation)

c) therapeutic

27) Выберите правильный ответ:

The patient has a bad ache in his ear. What specialist must he be examined by?

a) cardiologist

b) therapeutist

c) otolaryngologist

28) Выберите правильный ответ:

The patient complains of a general malaise, early fatigue on exertion, cardiac discomfort and palpitation.

What specialist must examine this patient?

a) surgeon

b) otolaryngologist

c) cardiologist

29) Выберите правильный ответ:

Patients with perforated ulcers are known to complain of …

a) an acute pain in the stomach

b) a sharp pain in the substernal area in the chest

c) a headache

30) Выберите правильный ответ:

This disease is characterized by pains, haemorrhages, nausea and vomiting.

а) angina pectoris

b) pneumonia

c) ulcer

31) Выберите правильный ответ:

In attacks of acute appendicitis the patient usually develops …

a) profuse external bleeding

b) vomiting of blood

c) sharp pains in the epigastrium

32) Выберите правильный ответ:

Perforating ulcers are characterized by …

a) dull constant pains

b) acute pain in the stomach

c) sharp pain in the substernal area

1. Выберите правильный ответ:

In the adult the skeleton has over…

1. 50 bones

2. 350 bones

3. 200 bones

1. The bones consist of…

1. organic substance

2. organic and inorganic substance

3. inorganic substance

1. The thoracic cavity was examined by…

1. ultrasound examination

2. X-rays

3. palpating

1. In the first term medical students are taught…

1. basic theoretical subjects

2. clinical subjects

3. surgery

1. Закончите предложения по смыслу:

The weight of the human brain is…:

1. from one to two kg

2. less than 1 kg

3. more than 2 kg

1. The brain is the centre…

1. of a wide system of communication

2. of the human body

3. of the skull.

1. To be a good doctor in future means…

1. to study well at the Academy

2. to attend lectures

3. to get good marks in sciences

1. The patients with tuberculosis must be treated…

1. at home

2. at the hospital

3. at the polyclinic

1. The skeleton is composed of…

1. muscles

2. bones

3. nerves and blood vessels

1. Перевод термина «сокращение мышц» означает:

1. muscular fiber

1. contraction of muscles

1. structure of muscles

1. Перевод термина «vital capacity of the lungs» означает:

1. жизненная емкость легких

1. строение легких

1. обмен газов в легких

1. Перевод термина «portal vein» означает:

1. закупорка вен

1. полая вена

1. воротная вена

1. Перевод термина «диагноз заболевания» означает:

1. diagnosis of a disease

1. to be ill

1. to suffer from a disease

1. Перевод термина «rate of heartbeat» означает:

1. частота сердечных сокращений

1. частота сердечных ударов

1. диастола

1. Перевод термина «for internal use» означает:

1. для приема внутрь

1. для наружного применения

1. для инъекций

1. Перевод термина «recovery» означает:

1. заболеть

1. выздоравливать

1. выздоровление

1. Перевод термина «to catch a cold» означает:

1. простудиться

1. заболеть

1. кашлять

1. Термин «to fill in a case history» означает:

1. анамнез больного

1. заполнять историю болезни

1. история болезни пациента

Грамматический тест

1) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

There … a lecture on Chemistry tomorrow.

1. will be

1. was

1. to be

2) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The academic year … of two terms.

1. consists

1. to consist

1. consisted

3) Выберите нужный вспомогательный глагол:

What … he … now?

1. has done

1. is; doing

1. will do

4) Выберите нужный вспомогательный глагол:

… he read articles in foreign languages?

1. did

1. do

1. does

5) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

She … as a nurse at a hospital.

1. works

1. worked

1. to work

6) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

Doctors … responsible for the patients’ lives.

1. to be

1. is

1. are

7) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The students … practical classes in Surgery tomorrow.

1. will have

1. to have

1. are having

8) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The skeleton … … of over 200 bones.

a) compose

b) is composed

c) are composed

9) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The pelvis … the lower extremity with the trunk.

a) connects

b) connect

c) is connected

10) Выберите нужный модальный глагол:

As my sister is ill, she … stay in bed.

1. must

1. may

1. can

11) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

Doctor … his patients in consulting room № 6.

1. receive

1. receives

1. received

12) Выберите нужный модальный глагол:

Medical students … know Anatomy well.

1. must

1. can

1. may

13) Выберите нужный вспомогательный глагол:

What … you doing now?

1. is

2. am

3. are

14) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

… your mother a heart disease?

1. has

1. have

1. had

15) Выберите нужный вспомогательный глагол:

… your fellow-student get a stipend?

1. do

2. does

3. did

16) Выберите нужный вспомогательный глагол:

… he plan to begin his scientific work in a year?

1. will

1. do

1. does

17) Выберите нужный вспомогательный глагол:

… you know Anatomy well?

a) do

b) does

c) will

18) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

After the 5-th year the students … practical training at a policlinic.

1. has

1. have

1. had

19) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

We … a meeting tomorrow.

1. have

1. has

1. will have

20) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

… you have a lecture in Anatomy yesterday?

1. will

1. did

1. have

21) Выберите нужный вспомогательный глагол:

He … study French as he studies English.

1. doesn’t

2. does

3. will

22) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

We … doctors in future.

1. become

2. shall become

3. became

23) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

Our Academy … in 1938.

1. is found

2. to found

3. was founded

24) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

My sister … of a bad cough yesterday.

1. complained

1. complains

1. will complain

25) Выберите нужный модальный глагол:

You … follow the doctor’s instructions.

1. have to

1. must

1. may

26) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The students … corpses now.

a) were dissecting

b) dissect

c) are dissecting

27) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The doctor … at the clinic from 9 a.m. till 2 p.m. yesterday.

1. is working

2. works

3. was working

28) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

Patient … a week ago.

1. operated on

2. was operated on

3. to operate on

29) Выберите нужный модальный глагол:

This patient … already walk.

1. can

2. may

3. must

30) Выберите нужный вспомогательный глагол:

… many students want to join the student’s society?

1. do

2. does

3. did

31) Выберите нужный вспомогательный глагол:

When … medical students begin to study clinical subjects?

1. do

2. did

3. does

32) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The doctor … have an operation tomorrow morning.

1. will not

2. do not

3. does not

33) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

I … seen this patient since then.

1. have not

2. has not

3. had not

34) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The patient … since early morning.

1. hasn’t slept

2. haven’t slept

3. slept

35) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

When … they published the book on their discoveries?

1. have

2. has

3. had

36) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

A laboratory assistant … an electrocardiogram.

a) takes

b) took

c) to take

37) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The large cavity … the cranial cavity.

1. are called

2. is called

3. had called

38) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The lower extremity … with the trunk by the pelvis.

1. connected

2. connects

3. is connected

39) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

Great research work…out by many scientists to determine the functions of the muscles many years ago.

1. were carried

2. was carried

3. carried

40) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The lecturer told that the free extremities … by the long muscles.

1. formed

2. were formed

3. will be formed

41) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

Next Friday Professor Petrov … a lecture on the structure of the muscles.

1. will deliver

2. deliver

3. delivered

42) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The increase of the chest volume … the lungs to extend.

1. enable

2. enables

3. to enable

43) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The physiology of the lungs … associated with their structure.

1. has

1. are

1. is

44) Выберите правильный вариант ответа:

Neither the blood pressure … the heart sounds were abnormal.

1. or

2. nor

3. no

45) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The … condition of the patient became worse yesterday.

a) changed

b) changing

c) having changed

46) Выберите нужный модальный глагол:

The overdosage … cause death.

1. may

2. must

3. can

47) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

The doctor … him for tuberculosis.

1. treat

2. treated

3. treats

48) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

Yesterday the doctor … the nurse to prepare all analysis.

1. ask

2. will ask

3. asked

49) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

At the conference I … the doctor of our hospital yesterday.

1. met

2. meet

3. meets

50) Выберите нужную форму глагола:

During this period they … as nurses.

1. worked

2. work

3. works

Устные темы

1. Medical college

My name is….. I am a student of the medical college. Our college is one of the oldest establishments of the region. There are 7 departments in our college. I would like to tell you about them.

‘Nursing affair’ gives qualification of a nurse of general practice. A medical nurse is a chief assistant of a doctor. She provides uninterrupted medical health, including preventive and rehabilitation measures.

‘Curative affair’ department. A doctor assistant of general practice is a highly-trained specialist who works independently in the policlinics, emergency ambulances and hospitals.

‘Obstetrician affair’ offers qualification of an obstetrician. An obstetrician provides preventive and curative medical help to the pregnant women and patients with gynecological diseases.

‘Medical-prophylactic affair’ gives qualification of a sanitary doctor assistant, who prevents appearance and spreading of infections and other kinds of diseases.

‘Orthopedic stomatology’ department. A future specialist learns to make artificial teeth and crowns, plastics and porcelain teeth.

‘Pharmacy’ department is provided the population with different medicines. It’s work will demand the knowledge of preventive rules, the rules of herb’s preparation and so on.

I like to study at our college very much.

1. My future profession

My name is….. I am a student of the medical college. Our college is one of the oldest establishments of the region. There are 7 departments in our college. I would like to tell you about them.

‘Nursing affair’ gives qualification of a nurse of general practice. A medical nurse is a chief assistant of a doctor. She provides uninterrupted medical health, including preventive and rehabilitation measures.

‘Obstetrician affair’ offers qualification of an obstetrician. An obstetrician provides preventive and curative medical help to the pregnant women and patients with gynecological diseases.

‘Medical-prophylactic affair’ gives qualification of a sanitary doctor assistant, who prevents appearance and spreading of infections and other kinds of diseases.

‘Orthopedic stomatology’ department. A future specialist learns to make artificial teeth and crowns, plastics and porcelain teeth.

‘Pharmacy’ department is provided the population with different medicines. It’s work will demand the knowledge of preventive rules, the rules of herb’s preparation and so on.

As for me I am a student of ‘Curative affair’ department. My future profession is a doctor assistant of general practice. It is a highly-trained specialist who works independently in the policlinics, emergency ambulances and hospitals. My main task includes prescription and performance of preventive, curative and diagnostic measures. The graduates of this department are waited for at the stations of emergency medical help, in the country-side hospitals and in the military hospitals.

I like to study at our college very much

1. Anatomical structure of the body

In the practical anatomy class we study the human body. The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk and limbs.

The head consists of two parts: the skull, which contains the brain and the face, which consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the lips, the cheeks, the ears and the chin.

The mouth has two lips: an upper lip and a lower lip. In the mouth there are gums with teeth, a tongue and a palate. The head is connected with trunk by the neck. The principal organs in the chest are the lungs, the heart and gullet. We breathe with lungs. The heart makes about 60-80 beats per minute.

The principal organs in the abdominal cavity are the stomach, the liver, the spleen, the intestine, the kidney, the gall-bladder and the bladder. The frame work of bones called the skeleton. The bones are covered with muscles.

Each arm consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist and the hand. We have four fingers and a thumb on each hand.

The leg consists of the hip, the knee, the calf, the ankle and the foot. The body is covered with skin.

1. Cigarette smoking

Cigarette smoking is a harmful habit which reduces the expectation of good health. Cigarette smokers absorb into the lungs:

• Nicotine is a habit-forming drug with a mild stimulatory effect.

• Carcinogenic tars isolated from cigarette smoke have been shown to cause cancer in experimental animals.

• Carbon monoxide. Cigarette smokers have raised blood levels of carboxyhaemoglobin passes through into fetal circulation.

The following ailments are prone to occur cigarette smokers:

• Cancer of the lung. Heavy cigarette-smokers are 30 times as liable to develop cancer of the lung as non-smokers are.

• Bronchitis and emphysema. Prolonged cigarette smoking commonly leads to progressive cough and breathlessness, ultimately leading to respiratory incapacity.

• Pregnant women who smoke cigarettes have smaller babies than non-smokers, with a higher incidence of fetal abnormalities.

1. Alcohol

Alcohol is a basis of the wine, beer and spirits. Alcohol is rapidly absorbed from the stomach and intestine and soon appears in the blood. As the blood circulation through the lungs, alcohol diffuses into the air in the alveoli. The higher the concentration in the breath.

Alcohol can also be measured in the blood. It is metabolized by the liver so that after 6 to 8 hours none can be detected in the blood or breath.

1. What must you know about aids?

Aids is an illness that can kill. People with aids can look and feel healthy. This is the main risk of the disease.

You can get infected with the aids virus by:

• Having sex with a person who has the virus;

• Sharing needles to inject drugs with a person who has the virus.

To protect yourself from Aids:

• You should always use condom if you have a sex

• Do not use anyone else’s needles.

You cannot get the Aids virus by: sitting near someone, shaking hands, eating in restaurant, swimming in a pool, giving blood.

You cannot get the aids virus through the air or by everyday contact.

1. The first medical help

Some knowledge of first aid is essential for everyone and should be an essential part of teaching at the medical college. The most important thing in an emergency is not to lose one’s head. When you give the first aid you must be very calm. If the injured person has hurt himself with a fall, make him lie down comfortably and see whether there are any cuts. If movement of arm or leg hurts, there may be fracture, so leave the limb in the position in which it is.

1. Flu

Influenza (flu) is a viral infection. People often use the term "flu" to describe any kind of mild illness, such as a cold or a stomach virus that has symptoms like the flu. But the real flu is different. Flu symptoms are usually worse than a cold and last longer. The flu usually does not cause vomiting or diarrhea in adults.

Most flu outbreaks happen in late fall and winter.

The flu causes a fever, body aches, a headache, a dry cough, and a sore or dry throat. You will probably feel tired and less hungry than usual. The symptoms usually are the worst for the first 3 or 4 days. But it can take 1 to 2 weeks to get completely better.

Most people get better without problems. But sometimes the flu can lead to a bacterial infection, such as an ear infection, a sinus infection, or bronchitis. In rare cases, the flu may cause a more serious problem, such as pneumonia.

Certain people are at higher risk of problems from the flu. They include young children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with long-term illnesses or with impaired immune systems that make it hard to fight infection.

1. Poisoning

A poison is a substance that has toxic effects and may injure you or make you sick if you are exposed to it. Poisons can be found everywhere, from simple household cleaners to cosmetics to houseplants to industrial chemicals. Even medicines that are taken in the wrong dose, at the wrong time, or by the wrong person can cause a toxic effect. Poisonous substances can hurt you if they are swallowed, inhaled, spilled on your skin, or splashed in your eyes. In most cases, any product that gives off fumes or is an aerosol that can be inhaled should be considered a possible poison. More than 90% of poisonings occur in the home

Young children have the highest risk of poisoning because of their natural curiosity. More than half of poisonings in children occur in those who are younger than age 6. Some children will swallow just about anything, including unappetizing substances that are poisonous. When in doubt, assume the worst. Always believe a child or a witness, such as another child or a brother or sister, who reports that poison has been swallowed. Many poisonings occur when an adult who is using a poisonous product around children becomes distracted by the doorbell, a telephone, or some other interruption.

1. Bleeding

Bleeding can lead to a severe loss of blood. The best way to stop bleeding is by direct pressure with a clean cloth. If the bleeding is from the arm or the leg, the limb can kept in a raised position. If the bleeding is from the nose, put a cold compress on the nose. It will stop the blood. Ice placed on the nose also stops bleeding. In severe case doctors make blood transfusion.

1. Heart disease

Heart disorders fall into two broad groups: congenital and acquired. Congenital heart defects are caused by structural defects. Acquired heart disease is mainly due to rheumatic fever.

The patient has blue lips and blue finger and toe-nails. The ends of the fingers and toes are rounded and club-like.

Symptoms depend on the type of heart disease. There are may be breathlessness, difficulty in walking or running, swelling of feet and puffiness of face and later the whole body.

1. Hippocrates – the father of medicine

Hippocrates was known as an excellent doctor and a teacher of medicine. He established medical schools in Athens and in other towns. He wrote several books and many case histories. He created medicine on the basis of experience. Hippocrates treated diseases by exercise, massage, salt water baths, diet and suitable medicine.

Hippocrates made medicine in art, a science, and profession. He is the most famous of all the Greek doctors. He is often called “the father of medicine” and some of his ideas are still important. Doctors in many countries take the Hippocratic Oath. It is a basis of medical honour. The oath of Hippocrates contains many of his basic thoughts and principles.

1. Florence Nightingale – the founder of nursing profession

One hundred years ago the first professional Scholl for nurses was founded at one of the hospitals in London by a young English woman Florence Nightingale. She was born on May 12, 1820 in the Italian city of Florence. She was one of the greatest women in the history of England.

In 1854 Miss Nightingale and 38 other nurses went to the Crimea to help in the care of the sick and wounded British soldiers during the Crimean War. She never gave an injection, never took blood pressure or made an electrocardiogram, but she did her best establishing a more reasonable and hopeful way of handling all kinds of illness. This way of handling has been used up to now. She was the first to establish the nursing profession.

1. Health service in Russia

The basic medical unit in our country is the policlinic. We have policlinics for the adult population and for children. Ambulant patients are seen at the policlinics by the district doctors.

The emergency ambulance service operates day and night and is free of charge.

There are several specialized hospitals in Russia for the treatment of particular diseases – infections, psychiatric diseases, cancer, ophthalmological diseases and others.

Much attention in our country is paid to the scientific problems, concerning the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular, viral and oncological diseases, the problems of gerontology, medical genetics, immunology and the creation of artificial organs.

1. Health service in England

The number of doctors in England is not quite enough to serve millions of patients treated at the National Health Service. All doctors may take part in the Family Doctor System. Health Service doctors are paid by the government. The pay depends on the number of patients they have served every month.

The hospital service includes general and special hospitals, tuberculosis sanatoria, infectious diseases units and all forms of specialized treatment together with the provision of most surgical and medical needs. In each hospital area there is a University having a teaching hospital or medical school.

1. Health service in USA

In the USA there are three levels of organization of medical service: the private doctor, the hospital and the United State Public Health Service.

The average Americans has a doctor of his own, whom he calls his “family doctor”. This doctor receives pay directly from the patient.

But some Americans with low income have no family doctor. They come directly to the hospital for all their medical needs.

There are two new programmes by the Federal Government Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare provides free medical care for all the Americans over 65. Medicaid provides free medical care for all those whose income is below a certain level.

1. PREGNANCY

Pregnancy is a period of excitement, expectancy and a bit of fear and nervousness for the future mother. It should be an exciting experience, and for that, love and consideration of the family as well as knowledge of what changes are taking place in the body and what to expect, is important.

The first 3 months of pregnancy are important because during this period the baby’s organs, like brain, heart, kidneys, limbs, eyes and ears are being formed. Avoid any medicine during this period. Some medicines can be harmful to the growing baby and so no medicines, particularly pills for sickness, headaches and anxiety should be taken without the advice of the doctor.

The normal time the baby is in the mother’s womb is about 40 weeks – 9 months and 1 week, but a few days earlier or later is within the range of normality. A baby who is born earlier than this time is called premature.

1. A DIET FOR PREGNANT WOMEN

During pregnancy the total caloric needs increase to supply energy for fetal development. A pregnant woman needs approximately 300 more calories per day than before she becomes pregnant. It may be a little less during the first trimester and a little more in the last. Woman carrying twins will need even more.

The extra 300 calories can come from an apple, half a cheese sandwich and a carrot stick. The best way to consume extra calories is healthy snacks eaten between meals.

Критерии оценок по иностранному языку

Говорение

«5» если общение осуществилось, высказывания учащихся соответствовали поставленной коммуникативной задаче, и при этом их устная речь полностью соответствовала нормам программных требований.

«4» если общение осуществилось, высказывания учащихся соответствовали поставленной коммуникативной задаче, но при этом учащиеся выразили свои мысли на иностранном языке с незначительными отклонениями от языковых норм.

«3» если общение осуществилось, но учащиеся выразили свои мысли на иностранном языке со значительными отклонениями.

«2» если общение не осуществилось, и учащиеся слабо усвоили материал.

Критерии оценок тестового контроля

Оценка «5» - 1-2 ошибки

Оценка «4» - 3-5 ошибок

Оценка «3» - 6 -8 ошибок

Оценка «2» - 10 и более ошибок