Методические указания для студентов III курса часть 1 «Профессии.Карьера»

ДЕПАРТАМЕНТ ЛЕСНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное

образовательное учреждение Нижегородской области

«КРАСНОБАКОВСКИЙ ЛЕСНОЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ»

Утверждаю

Зам. директора по УР

ГБПОУ НО «КБЛК»

_________

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ

к развивающему курсу английского языка

для студентов III курса часть 1

«Профессии.Карьера»

для всех специальностей

РАССМОТРЕНО: на заседании предметно-цикловой комиссии общеобразовательных дисциплин ПРОТОКОЛ № 2 от « 8 » сентября 2016г. Председатель ПЦК ____

Разработала: преподаватель иностранного языка Воронина М.В.

Красные Баки

2016

Настоящие методические указания предназначены для студентов III курса всех специальностей КБЛК очной и заочной формы обучения для организации аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов.

Методические указания состоят из лексического материала и закрепляющих упражнений и текстов.

Учебно-методические указания составлены преподавателем английского языка ГБПОУ НО КБЛК Ворониной М.В.

PROFESSION

1. New words

job – место работы

profession -профессия

occupation - род занятий, профессия

work - работа

opportunity – перспектива, возможность

to qualify - готовиться к какой-л. деятельности

skill - умение

experience - опыт

background - задатки

communication – общение

employer – работодатель

2. Read the text line by line and translate it.

My future profession

What I would like to become? This question is important for me. Every job has its elements of difficulties and interest. I think that nearly all the professions are very important in life. But to choose the right occupation is very difficult, because we must take in to consideration many factors. We must consider our personal taste and our kind of mind. At the same time we must satisfy the requirements of our society and peoples needs in one profession or another.

The end of school is the beginning of an independent life, the beginning of a more serious examination. In order to pass that very serious exam we must choose the road in life which will help us best to live and work. Each boy and girl has every opportunity to develop skills and use knowledge and education received at school. Some may prefer to work in factories or plants, others want to go into construction: to take part in building power stations and new towns. Many opportunities to work and to satisfy at the same time the requirements of the society and your own personal interest are offered in the sphere of the services transport, communications and many others.

When choosing a future career it is important to keep in the consideration the following things:

• do you like meeting and dealing with people;

• do you like to work inside;

• do you enjoy thinking about problems;

• do you enjoy working with your hands;

• do you like working on you own;

• do you enjoy being creative.

Analyzing all this will help not to make wrong choice.

I want to become a forest manager. I like this profession because I like our nature and it is very interesting to take care of our forests.

3. Exercises

№1. Guess the meaning of the following words, pay attention to the word-building suffixes –er/-or, -ist, -cian. Divide words into 5 groups:

journalist, designer, sociologist, chemist, biologist, biochemist, dentist, doctor, businessman, farmer, physicist, physician, computer operator, electrician, mechanic, model, actor, ecologist, politician, lectures, professor, conductor, pilot, geologist, architect, jockey, manager, director, producer, sportsman, footballer, specialist, policeman, musician, pianist, detective, economist, secretary, cook, mathematician, composter.

№2. Match the job titles on the left with their descriptions on the right.

1. chauffeur a. A person who delivers letters.

2. dentist b. A person who sells meat.

3. postman c. A person who mends or makes things with wood.

4. surgeon d. A person who driver a car.

5. butcher e. A person who sells flowers.

6. carpenter f. A person who operates on people.

7. baker g. A person who rides horses in races.

8. florist h. A person who looks after people’s teeth.

9. greengrocer i. A person who digs coal from the ground.

10. jockey j. A person who sells fruit and vegetables.

11. miner k. A person who looks after people’s eyes.

12. optician l. A person who makes and sells bread.

№3. Match each job with an appropriate place. More than one answer may be possible.

librarian	garage
farmer	hospital
teacher	cockpit
cashier	concert hall
mechanic	restaurant
cook	library
photographer	shop
accountant	bank
actor	school
militarian	studio
dentist	office
pilot	theatre
musician	army
clerk	field
waiter	kitchen

№4. Form a noun (a doer of the action) with the help of the suffixes –er, -or. Memorize the terms.

Model: to sell – seller

to read to sing to manage to design

to work to train to think to distribute

to teach to deal to speak to produce

to invest to visit to build to supervise

to sail to dance to conduct to conduct

to create to fit to wait (on) to organize

to write to drive to run to translate

to act to buy to play to dream

№5. Guess different professions

Who works in a field?

Who works with computers?

Who helps sick animals?

Who helps children to learn?

Who takes pictures of famous people?

Who makes new cars?

Who flies in a spaceship?

Who helps doctors?

Who flies in airplanes?

Who can play tricks?

№6. Match the words and the sentences

a teacher a doctor a policeman a clown a postman a dancer a fireman a baker a dentist 10 a pupil

a) He bakes bread. b) He works in a circus. c) He takes care of our teeth. d) He fights fires. e) She studies at school. f) He delivers letters. g) She gives pupils homework. h) He helps sick people. i) He protects people. j) She works in a theatre.

№7. Match the people to their professions.

1. Dmitriy Nagiev	a. singer
2. Vladimir Putin	b. actor
3. Nickolay Baskov	c. writer
4. Lev Tolstoy	d. spaceman
5. Yuriy Gagarin	e. president

№8. Correct the sentences where necessary.

1. Doctors teach children.

2. A nurse helps doctors.

3. A pilot drives a car.

4. A farmer works on a farm.

5. Teachers work at school.

6. A fireman brings letters.

7. Workers bake bread.

8. A programmer fights fires.

9. Dancers work in the hospital.

10. Clowns sings in the circus.

№9. What do they do? Put the sentences from the list into the correct columns below.

She wears a uniform.		She works with children.
He gets up very early.		He answers the phone.
He lives in the country.		She corrects homework.
She goes to foreign countries.		She serves people with food and drinks.
He likes animals.		He gives people room keys.
He meets a lot of people.		She speaks three languages.
She looks after passengers.		She works in a school.
He uses a word processor.		She travels a lot.
She works at home, too.		He works outside.
He has two students.		She stays in a hotels a lot.
She is an air hostess.	He’s a receptionist.		She’s a teacher.	He’s a farmer.
1.	1.		1.	1.
2.	2.		2.	2.
3.	3.		3.	3.
4.	4.		4.	4.

№10. Translate the sentences.

1) Садовод выращивает фрукты в саду.

2) Комик смешит людей.

3) Дворник убирает мусор на улице.

4) Директор организует работу на заводе.

5) Модель позирует перед камерой.

6) Доктор лечит людей.

7) Художник рисует картину.

8) Строитель строит дома.

9) Учитель учит учеников.

10) Повар готовит ужин.

№11. Answer the following questions:

1. What do teachers do?

2. What does a driver do?

3. What does an interpreter do?

4. What do builders do?

5. What do farmers do?

6. What does a typist do?

7. What does a student do?

8. What do buyers do?

9. What do singers do?

10. What does a painter do?

№12. Look at the pictures and answers the questions:

Tom Hillary Brian Alice

1. What does Tom do?

2. What is he doing?

3. What does Hillary do?

4. Is she writing now?

5. What is she doing?

6. What does Brian do?

7. Is he delivering letters now?

8. What does Alice do?

9. What is she doing?

№13. What are this people going to be? Write sentences using the words below:

athlete, vet, ecologist, actress, pilot, interpreter, singer, chef, teacher, lawyer.

Example: 1. Frank and I are learning to fly. We’re going to be pilots.

2. Marina’s good at language.

3. John likes songs.

4. Mary goes to Drama school.

5. Sue and Peter are studying law.

6. Ann loves animals.

7. Bill cooks very well.

8. Lisa can run very fast.

9. Pamela likes to explain grammar rules.

10. Brian protect environment.

№14. Make ten true sentences using a line in A and a line B

A	B
1. Policemen	… wears a crown sometimes.
2. Nurses	… serve food.
3. The President	… start work at 9 o’clock.
4. Soldiers	… speak a foreign language very well.
5. English schoolchildren	… wear uniforms.
6. Postmen	… look after ill people.
7. Air hostesses	… meets leaders from many countries.
8. The Queen	… go to war.
9. Interpreters	… deliver letters and newspapers.

№15. Write the sentences.

She______ He _________ She _______ He ____________

She________ He _______ She _______ He ___________

№16. Who does it? Name the professions.

1. … pose before cameras.	11. … use a computer for work.
2. … collect litters.	12. … act in films.
3. … plan school activities.	13. … save people.
4. … sell things.	14. … drive a train.
5. … give advice to ill people.	15. … answer the telephone.
6. … deliver letters and newspapers.	16. … tidy up rooms.
7. … repair cars.	17. … advice people about laws.
8. … make paintings or drawings.	18. … treat our teeth.
9. … prepare the food.	19. … use scissors and a comb.
10. … help a boss to plan the time.	20. … speak a foreign language.

№17. Read each sentences and write the correct word on the line. Choose from the careers in the box.

Teacher dentist farmer secretary electrician veterinarian accountant truck driver police officer nurse

1. This person helps to uphold the laws. _____________

2. This person drives trucks that carry things we need. ___________

3. This person cleans and fixes your teeth. _____________

4. This person works in a school and helps people learn. ____________

5. This person helps to grow the food we eat. _________

6. This person works with numbers and helps people do their tax returns. ________

7. This person works in an office and may type or use a computer. ________

8. This person takes care of animals when they are sick or hurt. ________

9. This person puts wiring in houses and other buildings. _________

10. This person works in a hospital or a doctor’s office. ______________

№18. What do/did these famous people do? Make up the sentences.

Example: Elizabeth II is a queen. She rules Great Britain.

1. 2. 3.

Valentina Tereshkova Alexander Pushkin Alla Pugachyeva

4. 5. 6.

Steven Spilberg Sylvester Stallone Isaak Newton

7. 8. 9.

Ilya Repin Lev Tolstoy Sergey Rakhmaninov

Remember!

Work – means to have a job, to do the job that you are paid for.

Profession – a job that needs a special education and training. If you want to get good profession you should study a lot.

Job – the regular paid work that you do for an employer.

Memorize a poem

What Are You Going to Be?

What are you going to be?

What are you going to be?

I'll be a teacher,

That's the life for me.

What are you going to be?

What are you going to be?

I shall be a fireman,

That's the life for me.

Read and act the dialogue

Dialogue №1

David: Hi, Kate! How are you?

Kate: Hi, David! I'm fine, thank you! And, how are you?

David: Very well, thanks! Just a bit worried about the coming exam.

Kate: Why? Is it so difficult to pass?

David: No, I wouldn't say it's very difficult, but it's definitely important for my future profession.

Kate: I see. Are you worried about Biology?

David: Yes, I really need good marks in this exam, because I want to enter university.

Kate: I remember that you've planned to study in the field of forest manager. What's so interesting in it? In my opinion, it's a very difficult job.

David: You're right. I've never thought it's easy. But I know for sure that working in forest management field is interesting and useful. When I imagine that after several years of studying I'll be capable of protecting forests of our country, I want to study even more eagerly. Other than that, I'm interested in various innovations. It would be great if I could make my own discovery in this field.

Kate: Sounds great! That's a good choice.

David: Remind me, please, what did you choose to do after the colege is over?

Kate: I want to go to a Law College. My parents insist on it.

David: Are you unhappy with their choice?

Kate: Kind of. I've always wanted to be an artist. You know, I'm really fond of drawing. But my father says that being an artist is more of a hobby than actual work. He says that I can draw in my free time just for pleasure.

David: He might be right. However, if you don't want to become a lawyer at all, then better refuse now.

Kate: No, it's fine. It has lots of advantages too. Lawyers sometimes deal with interesting people and cases. I will probably like the process of investigation or negotiations at court.  

David: Sounds interesting! I think, you should pass Social studies to enter the City Law College, is that right?

Kate: Yes, that's true. I'm also a bit nervous before the exams. However, I think we'll do just fine.

David: Thanks for cheering me up! I feel much better now.  

Kate: No problem! We can talk about it anytime.

Dialogue №2

Mark: Hi, Nancy! How do you do?

Nancy: I am pretty good, Mark! Tell me what is your job?

Mark: I am a broker. I followed the steps of my father who helped me to climb the career ladder. Now I am a very successful broker with a potential income of 1 million a year.

Nancy: That is pretty impressive.

Mark: You do no say. Tell me about your occupation.

Nancy: You know I am a baby-sitter. I have been working with one family for a year and a half. This boy’s name is Danny and he is two years old.

Mark: That is a very nice profession.

Nancy: I can not argue, I like it.

Mark: And what is your husband doing for a living?

Nancy: He is an actor in theater, he is playing Hamlet.

Mark: Oh yes, I have seen him on stage several time this year.

Dialogue №3

David: We’ll have to choose our career quite soon, Alice. Have you thought of any interesting jobs for yourself? Which jobs are the most suitable for you in your opinion?

Alice: It’s a very difficult question, you know. I don’t have any ambitions at the moment. Well, I’m absolutely sure that no one would like to be a cleaning lady or a maid. But I still don’t know which jobs I would enjoy and which way to turn in the future.

David: Maybe you would like to work with people or children or computers.

Alice: No. That’s not my cup of tea. I’d better work with animals. I love cats, dogs and hamsters.

David: Then you should get a university diploma and become a veterinarian. This occupation is becoming more and more popular in our country.

Alice: Probably you’re right. I wouldn’t mind being a vet. When I was a little girl I dreamt of being a doctor. And I know that my family would approve of this job.

David: You should improve your knowledge of Chemistry then. And I hope you won’t feel sick when you see the blood. Ability to make quick decisions will be very useful. Don’t forget that this job is quite stressful and difficult because you’ll have to deal with very sick animals.                                                                             

Alice: But on the other hand, it will give me an opportunity to help them. It’s a very important job and a lot of people and their pets need it. Thank you, Sandra. You have given me a good idea and you have made me feel a bit more focused.

MY FUTURE CAREER

1. New words:

school-leaver – выпускник

earn your living – зарабатывать на жизнь

imaginе - представлять

school register – школьный журнал

punish – наказывать

connect one’s future profession with – связать будущую профессию с

ability to explain – умение объяснять

profoundly – углубленно, основательно

be greatly demanded – быть сильно востребованным

department of foreign languages – факультет иностранных языков

an example of competence – пример компетентности

regret – жалеть

2. Read the text line by line and translate it.

When you leave school, you understand that the time to choose your future profession has come. It is not an easy task to choose the right job for you.

There are a lot of different professions and it is really hard to choose the one, which would be interesting for you and will help you earn your living. Generally, I think that choosing the right job is the main question not only for a school-leaver, but also for all the family. Though I understand that parents can help their children make the right choice, I guess it is much wiser to look at what interests you personally and only then try to find something that might suit your interests and your personality using your parents' advice.

I study at the “Forest and Forestry” department in Krasnobakovskiy Forest College. Our college trains specialists of forest management of our country. Today it has modern equipments for the organization of educational process – light classrooms with interactive boards, the laboratories with computers. The pride of our college is the richest dendrology park. It was founded 56 years ago by enthusiasts of the technical school on waste grounds and ravines. The area of the park is 19 ha.

My future profession is a forester. I shall work as a forest foreman, or as a forest ranger, or as a forest technician. I’m fond of my future profession, so after leaving that institution I’ll try to apply for a job according to my qualification. I think I’ve chosen an interesting and useful profession. Only highly-qualified specialists can provide our forest, our nature an immense use. They protect the forest from any danger, ensure thinning and sanitary felling. Also specialists improve the quality of species composition and health of forest, bring about forest regeneration and increase the forest value.

Our forest needs much help, because today it is destroyed by different insects, diseases and other pests.

Everybody! Remember! Our life would be dull and poor without forests. We must take care of it for next generations and ourselves. We all must do what we can do to keep the water, the land and the air clean.

Our life is too short and that is why I cannot afford to waste my time on a job, which I am not going to enjoy. I hope that I will never regret choosing the career path of a forester.

3. Exercises

№1. Answer the questions

1. Сan explain the meaning of the word “career”?

2. What does the job mean in people’s life?

3. Is it important or not?

4. What do you dream to become?

5. Why have you made that choice?

6. What establishment are you going to enter to master the profession?

7. What qualities do you need to possess in order to get the profession your dream of?

8. Is the profession of your dream highly paid?

№2. Test yourself.

1a. to care of animals. 1b. to work with machines. 2a. to care of sick people 2b. to make schemes, programmes. 3a. to  watch quality of figures 3b. to watch the plants 4a. to process materials (a tree, a fabric, plastic) 4b. to sell or advertise goods 5a. to discuss scientific articles or books 5b.to discuss books, plays or concerts 6a to grow farm animals 6b.to train somebody in sport or labor skills 7a. to copy pictures 7b. to grow plants 8a.to look for and explain an information 8b. to prepare concerts plays 9a. to repair clothes, houses 9b. to correct mistakes in texts and pictures 10a. to treat animals 10b. to do counts			11a. to make new kinds of plants 11b. to design new kinds of things 12a. to solve difficult situations 12b. to check up, to make in order tables and schemes 13a. to watch the work clubs 13b. to watch microbes 14a. to watch the work of medical machines 14b. to treat people 15a. to give a detailed description of experiments 15b. to describe different events 16a. to do medical tests in a hospital 16b. to talk to sick people 17a. to paint walls or things 17b. to build houses or machines 18a. to organize trips and excursions 18b. to take part in plays or concerts 19a. to make a thing according to the working drawing 19b. to make working drawings 20a. to treat plants or trees 20b. to type
Man-nature	Man-techniques	Man-man		Man- symbols	Man-object of art
1a	1b	2a		2b	3a
3b	4a	4b		5a	5b
6a	7b	6b		9b	7a
10a	9a	8a		10b	8b
11a	11b	12a		12b	13a
13b	14a	14b		15a	15b
16a	17b	16b		19b	17a
20a	19a	18a		20b	18b

Why have you chosen this kind of profession?

Model: I think, I can work in the man-man type of profession, because I like (prefer, would like, fond of) looking after little children.

№3. What is a profession?

Use the phrase:

To my mind this is a profession of…

I think…

It seems to me…

a) This profession requires special education; the person should be kindhearted, careful, courageous, sensitive to the need of others; should be sympathetic to the pain of other people; should be very handy, devoted to this duty, selfless.

b) This profession requires special education; the person should be king, generous, strict and just; should love children; should possess deep and broad knowledge of a subject; should be responsive, honest, tactful, reserved, patient and tolerant.

c) This trade requires special qualities; the person should be careful; should have quick reactions; should have vision and hearing; should know and observe the traffic rules; should be a good mechanic.

d) This profession requires special education and physical qualities; the person should be very well educated in physics, mathematics, astronomy; should be in a perfect state of health; should have good endurance and the ability to stand great strain and the state of weightlessness; should be courageous and daring.

e) This profession needs special qualities; ability to stand heights or depths, extremes of heat or cold, courage, curiosity, the sense of duty, the ability to risk, good health, devotion to one’s idea, confidence in success.

f) This profession needs the following qualities; enterprise, the ability to foresee, to analyze and to risk; the ability to keep promises; the person should be disciplined, well behaved, communicative; should know foreign languages; to be a good psychologist.

№4. Write the words and make up the sentences with them

1. resume – резюме

2. curriculum vitae – автобиография

3. to apply for a job – подать заявление на работу

4. permanent – постоянный

5. temporary – временный

6. full-time job – работа на полный рабочий день

7. part-time job – работа на полставки

№5. Translate the song Money by Pink Floyd

Money, get away
Get a good job with more pay and you're okay
Money, it's a gas
Grab that cash with both hands and make a stash
New car, caviar, four star daydream,
Think I'll buy me a football team
Money get back
I'm alright Jack keep your hands off my stack.
Money it's a hit
Don't give me that do goody good bullshit
I'm in the hi-fidelity first class travelling set
And I think I need a Lear jet
Money it's a crime
Share it fairly but don't take a slice of my pie
Money so they say
Is the root of all evil today
But if you ask for a rise it's no surprise that they're
giving none away

№6. Lets sing the song Money, Money, Money by Abba

I work all night, I work all day, 
to pay the bills I have to pay
Ain't it sad
And still there never seems 
to be a single penny left for me
That's too bad
In my dreams I have a plan
If I got me a wealthy man
I wouldn't have to work at all,

I'd fool around and have a ball...

Money, money, money
Must be funny
In the rich man's world
Money, money, money
Always sunny
In the rich man's world
Aha-ahaaa
All the things I could do
If I had a little money
It's a rich man's world

A man like that is hard to find but 
I can't get him off my mind
Ain't it sad
And if he happens to be free 
I bet he wouldn't fancy me
That's too bad
So I must leave, I'll have to go
To Las Vegas or Monaco
And win a fortune in a game, my life
will never be the same...
Chorus

Read and translate the interview between student and his teacher:

Student: Why have you chosen teaching as a career?

Teacher: Well, as for me, I made my choice long ago. My choice of this occupation didn’t come as a sudden flash. If you like people, you will like teacher you must be genuinely interested in what you are doing. The most important things in the world are awareness and learning – wanting to know every day of your life more and more. Because every time you learn something new you become something new. A teacher catalyzes in his pupils the burning desire to know and love the truth and beauty.

Student: Who has influenced your choice of professional?

Teacher: My parents, my English teacher and of course, my love of English. During all school years English was favorite subject.

Student: Teaching is a very difficult job, it is not well paid. Besides most jobs can be done within the usual office hours from 9 to 5, but teacher’s work is never done. As far as I know evening are mostly spent making exercise books and preparing for the next lesson. It is quite a stressful job and a bit boring to my mind.

Teacher: Nothing of the kind speaking about boring. It’s the most noble and rewarding job. Can you imagine your life without teachers, ah? Yes , that’s impossible. There are of course two categories of teacher teachers who have a job and teachers who have a calling. There are teachers who can’t wait for wait of the day to begin.

Student: John Steinbeck once said a great teacher is a artist and you know how few great artists there are in the world. Teaching might even be the greatest of the arts.

Teacher: You are absolutely right. That’s why humanity has the deepest respect for teachers. Teachers do not only teach their subjects, they develop their pupils intellect, from their views and characters, their altitudes to life and to other people. It’s a great responsibility to bring up children. I think that’s the reason why teachers are deeply respected.

Student: What qualities do you think are necessary for a good teacher?

Teacher: Oh, many of them. First of all a good teacher should know perfectly the subject he teaches, must be well-educated and well informed, because an ignorant teacher teaches ignorance, a bored teacher teaches boredom. Teachers should be understanding and patient, must be kind. A teacher must love children and respect them.

Student: I am fond of English. But I think that teaching is hot for me. Which of professions require the knowledge of foreign language?

Teacher: there are a lot of professions for which a good knowledge of a foreign language is absolutely necessary, but I must say that many of them deal with people, for example: an interpreter, a translator, a diplomat, a journalist as well.

Teacher: Summing it up I’d like to say” Many roads are open before you. The most important thing is to work well. The English proverb goes “ He works best who knows his trade”. But it is a mistake to think that all your work is in future. Try to take an active part in life how. Good luck to you. Thank you.

Fill in all the gaps using the new vocabulary.

competitive, dedicated, downsize, get rid of, outdated, retrain, streamline, update, was bought out, was laid off    

                                  

Начало формы

Barbara: Did you hear Lars lost his job?

Tim: Really? He has been working for that advertising agency for almost five years. He was such a ______ employee - I can't believe he was fired!

Barbara: He wasn't fired, he _______. Terra Advertising _______ by some Internet marketing firm from the East Coast.

Tim: That's terrible! Why didn't the new company keep him? I'm sure they could use someone with his skills.

Barbara: Lars said the new company needs to ____________.

Tim: Why?

Barbara: They need to reduce the number of employees they have if they want to remain_________.
Tim: Why did they _____ Lars? He's great at what he does.

Barbara: They hired a specialist to come in and help ______ the company. Lars is creative and very respected in the advertising industry, but his skills have become _______. He can't use a computer and he doesn't know anything about the Internet. He is no help to an Internet marketing firm.

Tim: He needs to go back to school and ________. The career center downtown offers free classes to people who need to ______ their skills and training.

Barbara: You should suggest that to him.

Приложение 1

Профессии

actor – актер
actress – актриса
astronaut [ 'æstrənɔ:t ] – астронавт, космонавт
author [ 'ɔ:θə ] – автор, писатель
authoress [ 'ɔ:θərəs ] – писательница
baker – пекарь, булочник
barber – парикмахер, цирюльник
beautician [ bju:'tiʃn ] / cosmetician [ 'kɔzˌmetiʃən ] – косметолог
biologist [ bai'ɔləʤist ] – биолог
bricklayer – каменщик
bus driver – водитель автобуса
butcher [ 'butʃə ] – мясник
caretaker – лицо, нанимаемое для того, чтобы следить, заботиться о ком-либо или чем-либо
carpenter [ 'kɔ:pəntə ] – плотник
chauffeur [ 'ʃəufə ] / driver – шофер, водитель
chimney [ 'tʃimni ] sweep / chimney sweeper / sweep / sweeper – трубочист
clothier [ 'kləuðiə ] / draper, outfitter (BrE) – торговец мануфактурными товарами, торговец одежды, галантереи, и т.п.
coach [ 'kəutʃ ] – тренер, инструктор
cobbler – сапожник, занимающийся починкой обуви
confectioner [ kən'fekʃnə ] - кондитер
construction worker – рабочий-строитель
cook – кухарка, повар
dentist – зубной врач, дантист
doctor – врач
electrician [ ˌilek'triʃən ] – электрик, электротехник, электромонтер
engineer [ ˌenʤi'niə ] (BrE) / [ˌenʒi'niə ] (AmE) – инженер
explorer – исследователь
farmer - фермер
fashion [ 'fæʃən ] model / model – модель
ferryman – перевозчик, паромщик
fireman / firefighter – пожарный
florist – торговец цветами
gardener – садовник
glazier [ 'gleiziə ] – стекольщик
greengrocer [ 'gri:nˌgrəusə ] (BrE) – продавец фруктов, овощей
grocer [ 'grəusə ] – торговец бакалейными товарами, бакалейщик
hairdresser [ 'heədresə ] – парикмахер
hairstylist – парикмахер-стилист
hunter / huntsman – охотник
legislator [ 'leʤisleitə ] - законодатель
mechanic [ mi'kænik ] – механик
miner – шахтер
nurse [ 'nɜ:s ] – медсестра, медбрат / сиделка
optician [ ɔp'tiʃən ] - оптик
painter – художник / маляр
pharmacist [ 'fɑ:mæsist ] / chemist [ 'kemist ] (BrE) / druggist (AmE) – аптекарь, фармацевт
pilot [ 'pailət ] – пилот, летчик
plumber [ 'plʌmə ] – водопроводчик
police officer / policeman / policewoman – полицейский
research scientist [ 'risɜtʃ 'saiəntist ] – научный исследователь
roofer / slater – кровельщик
scavenger [ 'skævinʤə ] – уборщик мусора, метельщик улиц
secretary [ 'sekrətəri ] – секретарь
shepherd [ 'ʃepəd ] – пастух
shepherdess – пастушка
shop assistant / sales person / salesman / saleswoman / salesclerk – продавец, продавщица
singer – певец
stationer [ 'steiʃənə ] – торговец канцелярскими принадлежностями
surgeon [ 'sɜ:ʤən ] – хирург
taxi driver / cab driver – водитель такси
teacher – учитель, преподаватель
tiler – плиточник
tobacconist [ tə'bækənist ] – торговец табачными изделиями
vet / veterinary surgeon (BrE) / veterinarian (AmE) – ветеринар, ветеринарный врач
vocalist [ 'vəukəlist ] – вокалист, певец, певица
waiter – официант
waitress – официантка
zoologist – зоолог

Приложение 2

Пол в названиях профессий в английском языке

   1. Ряд названий профессий и рода занятий имеют в своем значении смысловой компонент пола – мужского или женского. К таким существительным относятся:
a) anchorman – ведущий телепрограмм,

barber – мужской парикмахер,

barman – бармен,

chairman – председатель,

businessman – бизнесмен,

craftsman – мастер, умелец,

hangman – палач,

host – хозяин,

mailman, postman – почтальон,

monk – монах,

waiter – официант,

master – учитель, хозяин;

b) businesswoman – женщина-коммерсант,

chairwoman – председательница,

anchorwoman – ведущая телепрограмму,

hostess – хозяйка,

nun – монахиня,

waitress – официантка,

mistress – хозяйка дома.

   2. В современном английском языке есть тенденция не подчеркивать половую принадлежность человека и вместо слов man или woman употреблять person: chairperson – председатель(-ница).

Приложение 3

О различиях в употреблении и значении слов,

обозначающих профессиональный труд в английском языке

1. Русскому работа наиболее часто соответствуют английские work и job.

Существительное work – более общее слово и обозначает регулярную трудовую деятельность, совершаемую с разными целями (с целью заработка, выполнения своих обязанностей, труда, связанного с профессией или образом жизни):

to have much work to do – быть очень занятым, иметь много работы;
to have much house work – иметь много работы по дому;
to start work early – рано начать работать, служить;
to go out to work – работать, ходить на работу;
to be in work – работать, служить;
to be out of work – быть без работы, быть безработным;
to thank everybody for their hard work – поблагодарить всех за усердную работу.

What kind of work are you looking for? – Какого рода работу вы ищете?
On one's way to and from work – По дороге на работу и с работы.

Слово job, в отличие от work, обозначает конкретную деятельность, обыкновенно совершаемую по найму, и соответствует русским работа, служба, должность:

to get (to find, to lose one's) job – получить (найти, потерять) работу, место;
tо change jobs – менять места работы;
a full-time (part time) job – работа с полной (неполной) занятостью;
tо create new jobs – создавать новые (дополнительные) рабочие места.

I had a job with a computer firm. I used to work there twice a week – У меня была работа в компьютерной фирме, я работал там два дня в неделю.
Cleaning and washing jobs are usually low paid – Работы по уборке обычно низко оплачиваются.

2. Оплачиваемый труд имеет ряд обозначений, в зависимости от характера деятельности: employment, work, job, occupation, position, post, profession, trade.

   a) Наиболее общее, но одновременно и наиболее официальное название – employment – занятость, работа. В обыденной речи в этом значении употребляется work. Employment употребляется при указании всех, кто имеет оплачиваемую работу.
   b) Work, кроме общего со словом employment значения, чаще связано с интеллектуальной деятельностью. A piece of work – работа, задание обыкновенно интеллектуального характера.
   c) Существительное job указывает на определенный круг обязанностей, исполнение которых оплачивается.
   d) Occupation обозначает занятие в определенной области, связанное с профессией.
   e) Profession обозначает вид работ, требующих знания, умения.
   f) Trade – вид работ, требующих умений в области ремонта, монтажа, создания конкретных предметов, купли и продажи.
   g) Position и post – должность по найму, которая часто не требует специальной подготовки. Post и position – слова официальной речи, часто используются в объявлениях: A student is looking for a position of a private teacher.

Career vs Profession

Career and Profession are two words that are often confused when it comes to their meanings. They are construed to have the same meanings. In fact, they are characterized by different meanings.

The word ‘career’ is used in the sense of ‘occupation’ and word ‘profession’ is often used in the sense of ‘full time job’. This is the main difference between the two words. Observe the two sentences:

1. I can foresee a nice career for him.

2. His career is cut short by the accident.

In both the sentences, you can see that the word ‘career’ is used in the sense of ‘occupation’ and hence, the meaning of the first sentence would be ‘I can foresee a nice occupation for him’, and the meaning of the second sentence would be ‘his occupation is cut short by the accident’.

Observe the two sentences:

1. He was true to his profession.

2. He loved his profession.

In both the sentences, you will find that the word ‘profession’ is used in the sense of ‘full time job.’

It is interesting to note that the word ‘profession’ has its adjectival form in the word ‘professional’. On the other hand the word ‘career’ is often used only as a noun. It is used in the formation of several other words like ‘career-building’, ‘career advancement’ and the like.

Words such as ‘professional writer’, ‘professional singer’ would mean ‘full time writer’, ‘full time singer’ respectively. On the other hand, career of students is generally guided by the career guidance cell in colleges. These are the differences between career and profession’.

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