План-конспект урока по теме "Natural Disasters" (Природные катастрофы)

Название стихийного бедствия

Когда произошло

Где произошло

Характеристики данного катаклизма

Урон, нанесенный данным стихийным бедствием

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2

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10

Название стихийного бедствия

Когда произошло

Где произошло

Характеристики данного катаклизма

Урон, нанесенный данным стихийным бедствием

1

Землетрясение,

цунами

11 марта 2011 г.

Япония

9,1 балла

Высота волны 3-7 метров

Погибло 18 тыс. человек

2

Землетрясение

26 января 2001 г.

Индия,

Непал,

Пакистан

7,7 баллов

Разрушено 400 тыс. зданий и сооруж.

Погибло 20 тыс. человек;

ранено 167 тыс. человек

3

Аномальная жара,

пожары

Лето 2003 г.

Европа(Германия,

Франция,Италия)

T^o 40^o С в тени

Пострадало около 40 тыс. человек

4

Землетрясение

26 декабря 2003 года

Иран,

г. Бам

6,7 баллов

Очаг – на глубине 8 км

Погибло 43 тыс. человек

5

Аномальная жара

Лето 2010 г.

Северное полушарие

(Европа, Сев. и Центр. Азия, Сев. Америка

Ср. темп. выше нормы на 16,5 ⁰

В России до 43⁰ в тени

Тепловые удары

Пострадало и погибло56 тыс. человек

6

Землетрясение

12 мая 2008 г.

Китай

Провинция Сычуань

8 баллов

Погибло 69 тыс чел.

Пострадало около 290 тыс. чел.

7

Землетрясение

8 октября 2005 г.

Пакистан,

Провинция Кашмир

7,6 баллов

Разрушения в Пакистане, Афганистане, Сев. Индии

Погибло 84 тыс., пострадали 200 тыс.

8

Циклон

2 мая 2008 г.

Мьянма. Шри-Ланка.

Бангладеш, Тайланд

Скорость ветра 200 км/час

Пострадало 1,5 млн чел.

Погибло или пропали без вести 140 тыс

9

Землетрясение, Цунами

26 декабря 2004 г.

Индийский океан

Тайланд, Шри-Ланка,Индия

Магнитуда 9 баллов

Высота волны – до 15 м

Погибло до 300 тыс. человек

Самоесмертоносное землетрясение за всю историю

10

Землетрясение

12 января 2010 г.

Гаити

Около 7 баллов

Погибло 300 тыс. чел

Лишились жилья 3 млн. чел

Tsunami

There are various natural disasters in the world and tsunami is one of them. Sometimes it is called a tidal wave or a seismic sea wave. The main reason of tsunami is a submarine earthquake, when there is an underwater landslide. However, the volcanic eruptions can also cause it. Some countries and regions are especially proned to this disaster. For example, China, Japan, Chile, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Philippines. The biggest tsunami in the history took place in 1958 at Alaskan Lituya Bay. The force of wave was reached 1720 feet above sea level. Normally, ocean tsunamis reach heights of over 100 feet. Even the mildest walls of water can cause widespread destruction. Another notable tsunami took place on the Indonesian island of Sumatra in December, 2004. A strong earthquake displaced the ocean floor off the island. More than 200, 000 people were killed within a few hours. For better understanding of tsunami, we should know what the earthquake is. Dozens of tectonic plates support the earth. These large floating pieces are constantly moving. The earthquake happens when two plates become stuck. Unfortunately, nothing can be done to prevent tsunami, except monitoring minor weather and geological changes. Scientists work hard to understand where and how the future tsunamis develop. They also record the size and the frequency of previous tsunamis to make all the necessary calculations. Today, the best way to fight this disaster is to understand the ocean floor structure and to learn the tsunami data. For civil people, the best way of defense is early warning that allows them to find the shelter on higher ground.

Tornado

There are many dangerous natural disasters in the world and tornado is one of them. It is defined as a whirling column of air or a funnel-shaped wind, formed in severe thunderstorms. Sometimes it’s called twister or cyclone and is regarded as the most violent of thunderstorms. If tornado touches the ground or body of water, it can cause lots of destruction. The main reason why tornadoes occur is the collision of warm air mass with a cool and dry mass. This leads to a powerful rotation of air, which can sometimes exceed 300 mph. The formed force of wind can lift and carry heavy things. Tornadoes can occur worldwide, but are often reported in the USA. Some states are more exposed to thunderstorms than others. Other countries that are frequently hit by tornadoes include Japan, Australia, South Africa, Uruguay, Canada. There are certain weather patterns that precede this natural disaster. For example, rain, strong winds, lightning, sometimes even hail or suspicious calmness. It depends on the region and the type of tornado. The meteorologists distinguish the following common types of tornado: waterspouts, landspouts, dust devils, steam devils, gustnados, fire whirls. The damage from tornadoes is created merely by its strong force of wind. Fortunately, most storms are mild and only a few are destructive. The record-breaking tornado by its damage and duration occurred in spring of 1925, in three states of the USA: Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. This disaster killed more than 600 people, while over 2000 were injured. To keep safe during tornadoes people should listen to weather alerts and have a pre-determined plan. They say that underground shelters or basements are a good place to hide during strong thunderstorms.

Flood

Flood is a natural disaster. For people, who are directly affected by it, it can be devastating. There are several reasons for floods. One of them is excessive raining. At other times it is caused by the overflow of rivers or dam breaks. At any case it has negative outcomes, which lead to environmental and economic loses. As a result land gets washed away, houses are destroyed, people and animals die. Floods are directly connected with climate and geography of the area. Some places are more exposed to heavy rains than others. For example, Bangladesh and the Philippines are under constant threat of floods. The effects of flood are undoubtedly devastating. It spoils harvest, fields and roads remain under stagnant water for a few days, courtyards and ground floors of houses get drowned. During this natural disaster people face many problems. Different poisonous insects and serpents appear in human habitats, the cattle die, as they are unable to save themselves, the polluted water causes many life-threatening diseases, such as plague and cholera. Some people save their lives by finding shelter on the nearest trees. As a rule, after floods marshy land doesn’t dry up for a long time. Although many charitable organizations and the government try to help poor householders, by sending food, clothing and medicine, it usually isn’t enough to remove the endless inconvenience and distress that continues for a long time after the flood. Some governments try to act in advance by establishing flood barriers and strengthening the river dams.