Практическое занятие № 60
Тема: «Famous Scientists. Isaak Newton»
Цель: Совершенствование лексико-грамматических навыков по теме.
Формирование знаний о достижениях великих ученых.
Оборудование: 1. Учебники; 2. Раздаточный материал.
Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите рейтинг 10 самых выдающихся ученых (30 минут)
NUMBER TEN. CHARLES DARWIN.
Charles Darwin's 1859 book on the Origin of Species created a sensation that still reverberates throughout the world. Darwin's theory of evolution outraged many religious leaders and challenged assumptions about the world. But its principles are now accepted as fact and born out by scientific inquiry. Modern evolutionary theory had itself evolved but its roots are clearly recognizable in Darwin's brilliant theory.
NUMBER NINE. THE WRIGHT BROTHERS.
While there may be other aviation pioneers who also deserve recognition Orville and Wilbur Wright are generally hailed as the first to successfully create a manned flying machine. This accomplishment made possible the development of the entire aviation industry. The world was made smaller by the airplane as people and goods could travel great distances in a short amount of time. The world economy, tourism and the defense industry were never the same.
NUMBER EIGHT. MARIE CURIE.
The word “radioactivity” was conceived by Marie Curie. And her work in that field is what she is chiefly remembered for. She created the theory of radioactivity and developed techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes. The first woman awarded a Nobel Prize which she won for both physics and chemistry. Curie also discovered the elements polonium and radium and helped develop the X-ray.
NUMBER SEVEN. NIKOLA TESLA.
Thomas Edison gets all the glory for his work in electricity. And while he was a good scientist, Nikola Tesla was even more important. Tesla`s groundbreaking work led to the alternating current electric power system which was crucial in industrial development. Among many interests Tesla also made significant contributions to the field of robotics, nuclear physics ballistics, electro mechanical engineering, radar, radio, theoretical physics and computer science.
NUMBER SIX. LEONARDO DA VINCI.
Although more celebrated as an artist Leonardo da Vinci also had an outstanding scientific mind. For example, his man drawing is an example of ideal human proportions. He also made numerous designs of such items as flying machines, tanks, calculators and plant studies. He even created an early basic theory of what is now called plague tectonics. Who knows how science would have been altered if more for scientific work has been published during his lifetime.
NUMBER FIVE. ARCHIMEDES.
The greatest mathematician of ancient times and one of the greatest of all-time. Archimedes was also a physicist, inventor, astronomer and engineer. He created the principal by which the volume of an irregularly shaped object can be determined which had enormous influence down through the ages. Some of his designs have been disproved including one which outlined a way to set a ship on fire using mirrors. But much of his work stands the test of time.
NUMBER FOUR. JOHANNES GUTENBERG.
Many the scientists on this list spent their lives devoted to scientific exploration. Johannes Gutenberg is here because of one major invention. Gutenberg came up with the concept a mechanical movable type printing which at one fell swoop (одним махом) altered the world of printing and with it the dissemination (распространение) of information. Mass production of printed material suddenly became our reality and remained the biggest advance in communications until mass media and the Internet.
NUMBER THREE. ISAAC NEWTON.
Newton, one of the greatest scientists of all times was born in 1642 in the little village in Lincolnshire, England. His father was a farmer and died before Newton was born. His mother was a clever woman whom he always loved.
After the school, Newton studied mathematics at Cambridge university and received his degree in 1665. Then the university was closed because of the danger of plague and Newton went home for eighteen months. It was most important period in his life when he made his three great discoveries — the discoveries of the differential calculuses, of the nature of white light, and of the law of gravitation.
These discoveries are still important for the modern science. Newton had always been interested in the problems of light. Many people saw colours of a rainbow but only Newton showed, by his experiments, that white light consists of these colours.
It is interesting how he discovered the law gravitation. Once, as he sat at the garden, his attention was drawn by the fall of an apple. Many people saw such an usual thing before.
But it was Newton who asked himself a question: "Why does that apple fall perpendicularly to the ground? Why doesn't it go side-wards or upwards?" The answer to this question was the theory of gravitation, discovered by Newton.
Newton died at the age of 84, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, where his monument stands today.
NUMBER TWO. ARISTOTLE.
Famous Greek philosopher Aristotle is equally renowned as a scientist. Indeed many consider him history's first genuine scientist. Geology, biology, physics, medicine, psychology and meteorology were among his many passions. Although many of his conclusions do not stand up to modern science, his efforts made important groundwork that influence scientific belief through the Renaissance and into the Enlightenment. Modern science would not be where it is today without his early contributions.
NUMBER ONE. ALBERT EINSTEIN.
With his rumpled (мятая) clothes and whacked out hair Albert Einstein may be the most lovable scientist on our list. But he's number one because of his accomplishments. His theory of relativity revolutionized the field a physics and his discovery of a photo electric effect led to what we now know as quantum theory. Practically everyone knows Einstein 's famous “E equals MC squared” (E=MC2) equation, even if we can't really explain it. We just know that it changed the world we live in.
Задание 2. Напишите сообщение, отвечая при этом на следующие вопросы (20 минут):
Do you agree with our choices?
What other scientific geniuses should be added to this list?
Задание 3. Выберите правильный вариант ответа (20 минут):
1. German scientist who is known as 'father of chemical warfare' is
Fritz Haber 2. Ernest Rutherford 3. William Ramsay 4. Louis Pasteur
2. General relativity theory was proposed by Albert Einstein is a theory of
gravitation 2. electromagnetic field 3. light 4. zero point energy
3. Name of Avicenna's medical encyclopedia is
Al Chemist 2. Alchemy 3. The Book of Healing 4. The Canon of Medicine
4. Greek scientist and philosopher Aristotle was born in
382 BC 2. 384 BC 3. 386 BC 4.380 BC
5. German-born American theoretical physicist won Nobel Prize for proposing
nuclear shell model 2. charge coupled device 3. electroweak unification 4. electron affinity
6. Danish scientist Niels Bohr won Nobel Prize for his understanding of atomic structure and quantum numbers in
1920 2. 1924 3. 1926 4. 1922
7. Sir Isaac Newton was died in
1739 2. 1726 3. 1746 4. 1735
8. Danish scientist Niels Bohr won Nobel Prize in 1922 in field of
physics 2. chemistry 3. philosophy 4. geology
9. Galileo was born in
1684 2. 1584 3. 1654 4. 1564
10. Unidentified source of noise found in atmosphere that could not be explained is named by Woodrow Wilson is
ticker microwave background radiation 2. cosmic microwave background radiation
3. matrix mechanical background radiation 4. none of above
11. German scientist won Nobel Prize in
1920 2. 1922 3. 1918 4. 1914
12. Machine which uses X-rays to take radiographs is known as
kinetoscope 2. motion picture camera 3. telegraph 4. fluoroscope
13. Name of book written by Isaac Newton is
Natural Principal of Mathematical Philosophy 2. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
3. Equinox Principal of Philosophy 4. Equinox Principal of Mathematics
14. German Physicist Ernst Augus Fiedrich Ruska was died in
1986 2. 1992 3. 1990 4. 1988
15. Scientist and philosopher whose literary style is referred as river of gold is
Nicomachus 2. Alexander The Great 3. Aristotle 4. Plato
16. German Physicist Ernst Augus Fiedrich Ruska was born in
1908 2. 1906 3. 1910 4. 1905
17. Sir Isaac Newton was an
Swedish mathematician 2. American mathematician 3. English mathematician 4. Italian mathematician
18. Name of society which is now named as Max Planck Society is
Nikola Tesla Society 2. Farrie Curie Society 3. Marie Currie Society 4. Kaiser Wilhelm SocietyD
19. Galileo was died in
1635 2. 1648 3. 1642 4. 1639
20. On basis of his research, Albert Einstein is considered as
philosopher 2. mathematician 3. theoretical physicist 4. astronomer
Задание 4. Составьте диалог, используя следующие сведения (20 минут)
Before we reveal our top pick here are a few honorable mentions.
Max Planсk — an originator of quantum theory.
Alan Turing — the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.
Galileo Galilei – the «father of observational astronomy», the «father of modern physics» and the «father of science» (Renaissance,16-17 centuries).
Enrico Fermi — an Italian physicist, who created the world's first nuclear reactor.
Louis Pasteur — a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination and pasteurization.
Критерии:
Оценка «5» - Поставленные задачи (чтение, перевод текста, составление монологических высказываний, выполнение лексико-грамматических упражнений, ответы на вопросы) решены полностью, применение лексики адекватно коммуникативной задаче, грамматические ошибки либо отсутствуют, либо не препятствуют решению коммуникативной задачи
Оценка «4» - Коммуникативная задача решена полностью, но понимание текста незначительно затруднено наличием грамматических и/или лексических ошибок.
Оценка «3» - Коммуникативная задача решена, но понимание текста затруднено наличием грубых грамматических ошибок или неадекватным употреблением лексики.
Оценка «2» - Коммуникативная задача не решена ввиду большого количества лексико-грамматических ошибок или недостаточного объема текста.
Литература, рекомендуемая к выполнению практической работы:
1) Восковская А.С., Карпова Т.А. Английский язык. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2014.
2)Агабекян И. Английский язык для СПО. – Ростов н/Дону: Феникс, 2012
Контрольные вопросы:
1. When and where was Newton born? 2. Where did he study? 3. What three major discoveries did Newton make? 4. When did Newton make these discoveries? 5. How did the idea which led to the discovery of the law of gravitation first come to him? 6. When did Newton die and where is he buried?
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