Презентация материала по написанию эффективного эссе "за и против" на английском языке

Учитель Синицына В.В.

WHAT IS ‘ESSAY’ ?

ESSAY is a composition on a particular subject, often  expressing personal views

from Latin  exagium   /ekˈsa.ɡi.um/ ‘weighing’

https:// www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

https :// dictionary.cambridge.org

Argumentation is everywhere:

• Courtrooms and classrooms
• Business and jobs
• Households

The roots: Greeks and Romans used argument to settle disputes and find the truth

ARGUMENT - ‘ process of reasoning ’ Middle English

from Latin  ARGUERE /ˈar.ɡu.ere/  

‘ to make clear, prove ’

https:// www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/argue?q=argue

People don’t always agree and they argue:

WHY DO WE ARGUE?

• to examine our ideas carefully
• to analyze different opinions
• to win over your opponents
• to discover the truth

For and against essay structure I

Discuss BOTH SIDES of ONE IDEA

and give your answer “YES” or “NO” .

• Introduction: a current situation / both opinions
• Advantages ( positive side)
• Disadvantages (negative side)
• Conclusion: answer to the question , recommend or predict ( give your opinion )

GOOD

BAD

For and against essay structure II

TWO OPINIONS /OPTIONS

• Introduction: a current situation give both opinions
• Benefits of one opinion + counter argument
• Benefits of another opinion + counter argument
• Conclusion: answer to the question , recommend or predict ( give your opinion) .

1

2

GOOD

GOOD

BAD

BAD

What plan are you going to choose?

1

2

What plan are you going to choose?

3

ARE ROBOTIC PETS

BETTER THAN

REAL ONES?

4

What plan are you going to choose?

5

6

7

8

Introduction

What do we need for a successful intro?

• catch readers’ attention
• introduce the topic
• describe the present situation
• pose a question you have to answer

Conclusion is like icing on a cake

Frame the essay, refer back to the topic!

Make final impression, end strongly!

• Briefly sum up your arguments
• Don’t repeat the ideas but show what they proved, results
• Show the "real world” connection
• Recommend or predict, quote someone famous
• Give your opinion

Coherence and cohesion: linking words

• Your ideas should be properly connected
• Make reader follow your train of thoughts
• Don’t think your readers know what you know
• Place stepping stones – linking words and phrases

The repetition of key words and phrases create musical motif

BODY: MAIN PARAGRAPHS

It is the arena you present your case

prove you are right

• Write short topic sentence to start each paragraph
• Focus on real content
• Be logical and clear
• Give facts, statistics, quotations, examples

THE STRATEGY OF DISCLOSURE

Put emphasis at the beginning and at the end

1. Second most important point

2. Point of lesser importance

3. Point of lesser importance

4. Most important point

tips for effective essay

• Read the topic, question and task carefully
• Plan your essay
• Intro and conclusion are quick and brief
• The main paragraphs are more important
• Topic sentences open main paragraphs
• Support main ideas with reasons and examples
• Discuss the opposing view to be more objective
• Vocabulary range, synonyms, linking words are a must

ONLINE AND OFFLINE RESOURCES

• Nataliya Todorova Business communication: Argumentation. – Донецк: ДонНТУ, 2006. – Р. 104
• Ryan Thomas Higgins IELTS Academic and General Task 2: How to write at a band 9 level. – 2015. – P. 69
• Debra Daise, Charl Norloff, Paul Carne Q skills for success: reading and writing. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. – P.271
• Christina Latham-Koenig, Clive Oxenden English File Upper Intermediate. Student’s book. 3 rd edition. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. – P.116
• Should the UK ban trophy-hunting imports // The Week Junior. – 2019. – №179. – P.8
• Are robotic pets better than real ones// The Week Junior. – 2020. – № 237. – P. 8
• Are tourists causing more harm than good // The Week Junior. – 2019. – №180. – P. 8
• Watching films at home is better than a trip to the cinema. // The Week Junior. – 2020. – №226. – P.8
• YouTube is better than television. // The Week Junior. – 2018. – №112. – P.8
• Everyone should learn a second language. // The Week Annual. – 2019. – P.8
• Plastic packaging should be banned. // The Week Junior. – 2018. – № 130. – P.8
• Audiobooks are better than printed ones. // The Week Junior. – 2021. – № 296. – P.8
• Should robots replace human workers.// The Week Annual. – 2019. – P.48
• Should snacks be banned from cinemas? // The Week Annual. – P.62
• Should wildlife tourism be banned? // The Week Annual. – 2019. – P.34
• https://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2010/08/ielts-writing-task-2-studying-abroad.html
• https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/skills/writing
• https://www.facebook.com/C.EnglishTeacher
• https://www.facebook.com/LearnEnglish.BritishCouncil/
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