Презентация на английском языке "Great pyramids of Giza"

Great pyramid of Giza

• The  Great Pyramid of Giza  (also known as the  Pyramid of Khufu  or the  Pyramid of Cheops ) is the oldest and largest of the  pyramids  in the  Giza pyramid complex  bordering present-day  Giza  in  Greater Cairo ,  Egypt . It is the oldest of the  Seven Wonders of the Ancient World , and the only one to remain largely intact.
• Egyptologists  conclude that the pyramid was built as a  tomb  for the  Fourth Dynasty   Egyptian  pharaoh  Khufu  and estimate that it was built in the 26th century BC during a period of around 27 years. [3]
• Initially standing at 146.5 metres (481 feet), the Great Pyramid was the  tallest man-made structure  in the world for more than 3,800 years. Throughout history the majority of the smooth white limestone casing was removed, which lowered the pyramid's height to the present 138.5 metres (454.4 ft). What is seen today is the underlying core structure. The base was measured to be about 230.3 metres (755.6 ft) square, giving a volume of roughly 2.6 million cubic metres (92 million cubic feet), which includes an internal hillock. [4]

The dimensions of the pyramid, expressed in  ancient Egyptian units of measurement , were 280 cubits high, a base length of 440 cubits, with a  seked  of 5+1/2 palms (a slope of 51°50'40").

The Great Pyramid was built by quarrying an estimated 2.3 million large blocks weighing 6 million tonnes total. The majority of stones are not uniform in size or shape and are only roughly dressed. [5]  The outside layers were bound together by mortar. Primarily local limestone from the  Giza Plateau  was used. Other blocks were imported by boat down the Nile: White limestone from  Tura  for the casing, and granite blocks from  Aswan , weighing up to 80 tonnes, for the King's Chamber structure. [6]

There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid. The lowest was cut into the bedrock, upon which the pyramid was built, but remained unfinished. The so-called [7]  Queen's Chamber and King's Chamber, that contains a granite sarcophagus, are higher up, within the pyramid structure. Khufu's  vizier ,  Hemiunu  (also called Hemon), is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid. [8]  Many varying scientific and alternative hypotheses attempt to explain the exact construction techniques.

The funerary complex around the pyramid consisted of two  mortuary temples  connected by a causeway (one close to the pyramid and one near the Nile), tombs for the immediate family and court of Khufu, including three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even smaller "satellite pyramid" and five buried  solar barges .