Презентация "Alexander Graham Bell"

Alexander Graham Bell

Выполнил: Любимов Артём

Группа 21-Т

Учитель: Каткова С.В.

Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell, March 3, 1847, Edinburgh, Scotland - Aug. 2, 1922, Baddeck, Nova Scotia, Canada) is a scientist, inventor and businessman of Scottish descent, one of the founders of telephony, the founder of Bell Labs (formerly Bell Telephone Company), which determined all further development of the telecommunications industry in the United States.

Alexander Bell was born on March 3, 1847 in the Scottish city of Edinburgh. He added the word Graham to his name later, as a sign of respect for his family's friend, Alexander Graham. Several close relatives of Bell, in particular his grandfather, father and uncle, were professional rhetoricians. The father of the future inventor, Alexander Melville Bell, even published a treatise on the art of eloquence.

At the age of 13, Bell graduated from the Royal School in Edinburgh, at the age of 16, received the post of teacher of eloquence and music at the Weston-House Academy. One year Alexander studied at Edinburgh University, then moved to the English city of Bath.

After the two brothers Alexander died of tuberculosis, the family decided to move to Canada. In 1870, the Bella settled in Brantford, Ontario. In Scotland, Bell began to be interested in the possibility of signal transmission via telecommunication channels. In Canada, he continued to engage in invention, in particular, he created an electric piano, adapted to transfer music on the wires.

In 1873, Bell received the post of professor of speech physiology at Boston University. In 1876, he received US patent No. 174,465, describing "the method and apparatus ... for transmitting speech and other sounds by telegraph ... using electric waves." In fact, it was about the phone. In addition, Bell was working on the use of light in telecommunications - a direction that subsequently led to the creation of fiber-optic technologies.

In 1877 Bell married his student Maybelle Hubbard. In 1882 he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1888, he participated in the creation of the National Geographic Society of the United States.

Bell died on August 2, 1922, in his Beinn Bray estate near Baddeck (the Canadian province of Nova Scotia). After his death, all the phones of the United States (more than 13 million) were turned off for a minute of silence in order to honor the memory.

Inventions

Inventions

Year

Machine for peeling grain

1858

Phonograph

Phone

1874

1876

Audiometer

1879

Photo background

1880

Metal detector, vacuum pump

1881

Pyramidal kite

1901

Airplane "Silver Dart"

1909

Hydrofoil boat HD-4

1919

Alexander Bell for a long time was considered the inventor of the phone, which brought him worldwide fame. On June 11, 2002, the US Congress in resolution No. 269 recognized that the primacy in this invention still belongs to the Italian Antonio Meucci, who applied for the corresponding patent in 1871, and also that Bell could potentially have access to the materials of Meucci. However, Alexander Bell made inventions in other various fields.

He planned to install several tuning forks on the transmitting station, each of which would create a current in the common line, pulsating with a strictly defined frequency. At the receiving station, these pulsations were also to be perceived by tuning forks tuned to the corresponding frequency. So Bell was going to transmit seven telegrams at the same time, according to the number of musical notes - a tribute to the music that had grown fond since childhood. He planned to install several tuning forks on the transmitting station, each of which would create a current in the common line, pulsating with a strictly defined frequency. At the receiving station, these pulsations were also to be perceived by tuning forks tuned to the corresponding frequency. So Bell was going to transmit seven telegrams at the same time, according to the number of musical notes - a tribute to the music that had grown fond since childhood.

Telephone (music telegraph) - apparatus for transmitting various sounds. It was necessary to cause fluctuations in the intensity of the electric current, corresponding to those fluctuations in the air density that the given sound produces. The telephone (musical telegraph) is an apparatus for transmitting various sounds. It was necessary to cause fluctuations in the intensity of the electric current, corresponding to those fluctuations in the air density that this sound produces

The device was presented at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, in 1876. Patent No. 174465 for "method and apparatus for telegraphic transmission of the human voice and other sounds by creating electrical oscillations", filed by Alexander Bell, dated February 14, 1876. The device was presented at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, in 1876. Patent No. 174465 for "method and apparatus for telegraphic transmission of the human voice and other sounds by creating electrical oscillations", filed by Alexander Bell, dated February 14, 1876.

Entrepreneurial activity

At the end of 1879 the company «Western Union» entered into an agreement with the partners of the inventor. A joint company called Bell Company was created, the main part of which belonged to Bella. Soon the price of one share of the company rose to a thousand dollars.

In subsequent years, the phones began to actively improve. By 1900, more than 3 thousand patents for inventions related to telephone devices were issued. In the US, by that time, 1.5 million devices had already been installed. The capital of telephone companies was estimated at almost $ 6 million, and payments to shareholders amounted to $ 3.9 million per year.

Social activity

On the money received from the firm, Bell founded the Volta Institute in Washington. Here, the inventors worked on further improvement of the telephone, phonograph and electrical communication. Bell himself worked on many projects, in particular in the field of aviation and hydrodynamics; even breeding sheep. The material side did not even interest him, but great satisfaction brought the opportunity to support talented scientists and inventors, such as, A. Michelson and G. Curtiss. In his experience, Alexander Bell knew how important it is to help a gifted person in a timely manner: at the beginning of his own scientific search, American physicist D. Henry had a huge support for Bella. Also Bell paid much attention to problems of people with visual and hearing impairments. For his money, for several years, he kept in Washington an experimental school where practical work was carried out to identify the best methods for teaching deaf children. At his insistence, the American Association for the Promotion of Deaf Learning was founded. Having received the Volta Award for the invention of the phone, he based on this money, in Washington, the Volta Bureau for the dissemination of information on the problems of the deaf. Bell was a good friend of Helen Keller, who dedicated his autobiographical story "Story of my life" to him.