Презентация "Достопримечательности Санкт-Петербурга"

ST. Petersburg

Petersburg is a relatively young city, by both Russian and European standards, and was only founded in 1703 by Tsar Peter the Great.

St. Petersburg is a beautiful and fascinating holiday destination and one of the most intriguing and historically significant cities in Europe.

The Peter and Paul Fortress

• When Peter the Great re-claimed the lands along the Neva River in 1703, he decided to build a fort to protect the area from possible attack by the Swedish army and navy. The fortress was founded on a small island in the Neva delta on May 27, 1703 (May 16 according to the old calendar) and that day became the birthday of the city of St Petersburg.

The Cabin of Peter the Great

• The first residential building to be built in the newly founded city of St. Petersburg was a wooden house or cabin, intended for Tsar Peter himself. The cabin is very small - only 60 sq. meters in area and is a strange combination of a traditional Russian house - izba - and a Dutch home with large and elaborate windows and high roof, covered with wooden tiles.

Peter the Great’s Summer Palace and Gardens

• Across the river from the Peter and Paul fortress and the wooden Cabin of Peter the Great you can visit the historical Summer Garden. Behind the beautiful wrought iron fence there is an old park that has witnessed some of the most spectacular moments in St. Petersburg's early history.

The Stock Exchange and the Rostral Columns

in the early 19 th century one of the most elegant architectural ensembles of St Petersburg emerged on the eastern edge ( Strelka ) of the island. The imposing white colonnaded building of the Stock Exchange became its focal point, and was flanked by two Rostral Columns.

St. Petersburg State University

St. Petersburg University was founded in 1819, though some local scholars suggest a much earlier date. Today, the university boasts over 20,000 students, 2,000 professors, 210 departments and a library with 4 million volumes. Eight Nobel Prize winners are graduates of St. Petersburg State University (including the biologist Ivan Pavlov, the economist Vasily Leontiev and the poet Joseph Brodsky).

The Menshikov Palace

The palace was the most luxurious house to be built in the city. Between 1732 and 1918 the palace was home to a military school, but in 1967 it was given to the Hermitage. Now, with the early 18 th century interiors restored, it houses a collection of Russian cultural artifacts from the early 18 th century.

The State Hermitage Museum

• From the 1760s onwards the Winter Palace was the main residence of the Russian Tsars.
• The Hermitage Museum is the largest art gallery in Russia and is among the largest and most respected art museums in the world.

Alexander Column

From the creator of the marvelous St. Isaac's Cathedral came this monument to the Russian military victory in the war with Napoleon's France. Named after Emperor Alexander I, who ruled Russia between 1801 and 1825 (during the Napoleonic Wars), the column is a terrific piece of architecture and engineering.

The Admiralty

The original Admiralty was one of the first structures to be built in St Petersburg. It was designed to be a dockyard, where some of the first ships of Russia's Baltic fleet were built (some with the participation of Tsar Peter himself who, was an expert in shipbuilding). The Admiralty was also fortified to be an extra defense for the newly acquired territory of the Neva delta.

"The Bronze Horseman"

• The Bronze Horseman, an impressive monument to the founder of St Petersburg, Peter the Great, stands on Senatskaia Ploschad' (Square), facing the Neva River
• The monument was built by order of the Empress Catherine the Great an inscription on the monument reads in Latin and Russian: Petro Primo Catarina Secunda - To Peter the First from Catherine the Second.

St Isaac's Cathedral

• The dome of St. Isaac’s Cathedral dominates the skyline of St. Petersburg and its gilded cupola can be seen glistening from all over the city.
• the cathedral was under construction for 40 years (1818-1858), and was decorated in the most elaborate way possible.

The Mariinsky Opera and Ballet Theater

• The building and its marvelous 1,625-seat auditorium were severely damaged during the 900-day Siege of Leningrad, but later restored in 1944. Since then the theater has maintained its excellent reputation, particularly for classical ballet.

Kazan Cathedral

• constructed between 1801 and 1811 by the architect Andrei Voronikhin, was built to an enormous scale and boasts an impressive stone colonnade, encircling a small garden and central fountain. The cathedral was named after the "miracle-making" icon of Our Lady of Kazan, which the church housed till the early 1930s.

Gostiny Dvor

• ostiny Dvor is a huge department store, which is being gradually turned into a shopping mall, since a significant part of its 164,690 sq. feet. of trading space is rented out to smaller shops. Constructed between 1757 and 1785, Gostiny Dvor has a reputation for being one of the world's first shopping malls and occupies a whole city block on Nevsky Prospekt.

Nevsky Prospect

• Nevsky Prospect is St. Petersburg’s main avenue and one of the best-known streets in Russia. Cutting through the historical center of the city, it runs from the Admiralty to the Moscow Railway Station and then, after a slight kink, to the Alexander Nevsky Monastery.

Arts Square

• Arts Square derives its name from the cluster of museums, theaters and concert halls that surround it. Some of the most notable include:
• The Russian Museum,
• The Ethnographic Museum,
• The Maly Opera and Ballet Theater
• The Large Concert Hall

The Church of Our Savior on the Spilled Blood

• This marvelous Russian-style church was built on the spot where Emperor Alexander II was assassinated in March 1881

Smolny Cathedral

• Smolny Cathedral was originally intended to be the central church of a monastery, built to house the daughter of Peter the Great, Elizabeth, after she was disallowed to take the throne and opted instead to become a nun.

The Cruiser "Aurora"

Peterhof

• Peterhof is an immensely luxurious and beautifully preserved Imperial estate, founded in 1710 by Peter the Great on the shore of the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). It combines several ornate palaces, a number of beautifully landscaped parks and a dazzling array of magnificent statues and fountains, lending it the epithet "The Russian Versailles".

Pushkin (Tsarskoye Selo) and Pavlovsk

• he town of Pushkin (formerly Tsarskoye Selo) lies just outside St. Petersburg and has a marvelous ensemble of palaces and parks.