Реферат ученицы Халитовой Алии,посвященный Году российского кино:«Что лучше: прочитать книгу или посмотреть фильм, основанный на  этой книге? "

Муниципальное автономное общеобразовательное учреждение

«Средняя общеобразовательная школа №3» городского округа закрытое административно-территориальное образование

город Межгорье Республики Башкортостан

«Что лучше: прочитать книгу или посмотреть фильм, основанный на этой книге? »

Секция - иностранные языки

Выполнила учащаяся 10«А» класса:

Халитова Алия

Учитель: Халитова З.С.

2016 год

Contenst:

Introduction.

Cinema in our Life.

Role of Cinema in Human Life.

Literary Adaptation.

Films based on Russian Literature for Kids.

The most popular Films based on Russian Writers.

The Poll of my Schoolmates.

Reasons for Reading.

Conclusion.

Introduction.

The reason of the project's work choice.

Nowadays classical literature loses the popularity more and more. There passed those times when adults, youth and school students became engrossed in reading of Pushkin and Tolstoy when all were fond of reading in addition to any other hobbies when heroes of books became ideals for young people. Modern school students just don't prefer to read classics. They have no interest because the modern person doesn’t imagine the life without TV and the Internet , movie theater and reading books became luxury.

Personally, I'm fond of reading. Books educate and entertain us, bring past centuries to life and help us to understand our deepest dreams and fears. To my mind, a book is one of the greatest wonders in the world. It gives us a unique chance to link up with authors who lived hundreds and thousands of years ago. Through reading books we hear their voices and understand their thoughts and feelings. Reading stirs my imagination, creates colourful pictures of the described characters and events in my mind, transfers me to other countries, continents or even to other worlds, introduces me to amazing people who live exciting lives, makes me laugh and cry. However, some of my friends don't read at all or read very little. They say that they are too tired after school and can do nothing . Some people say that they have little spare time and that is why they prefer watching a film to reading a book. What is more, watching a film is much easier than reading a book because you don't have to use your imagination.

Films and books are different, this may seem obvious but it is not, often after viewing an adaptation we hear the phrase, «It wasn't as good as the book». An adaptation simply cannot be as good as or better then the book it was taken from. The two are completely different forms, saying that a film is not as good as a book, is similar to saying a sculpture is not as good as a painting .They are simply different forms and no more.

That’s why I decided to compare these two arts and prove advantages of reading.

The aims of our project work are:

1. to analyze the role of cinema and books in our life

2. to gather information about popular film adaptations of novels and stories

3. to attract the attention of teenagers to the reading of books

4. to motivate and stimulate interest in Literature

The methods of our research are

1. analyzing

2. questionnaires

Cinema in our life

If eyes are the mirror of the soul, than cinema is the mirror of our lives.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance the film industry has in our lives. With the help of it you can see the stories of not only this life but also look into the past and even in the future.

The history of a cinema totals hardly more than hundred years. And during that time, constantly changing and being improved, it has won hearts of hundreds millions people in the whole world. Variations have mentioned all areas of a cinema. Scripts and plots of films were transformed significantly, the equipment for shootings and presentation of films today allows to give out to spectators magnificent effects, both visual, and sound.

Every day there are dozens of world film premieres, among them there are films of different genres and varying degrees of skill. And only a tenth of them becomes a real masterpiece and is accepted by the public worldwide.

Nowadays cinema has already deeply got into a life of the modern person.

Everyone is free to choose a film-masterpiece created by titans of a cinema. It is possible depending on mood and taste to watch a comedy or a detective film, a historical movie or just a popular serial.

The role of cinema in human life.

Since 1890 a cinema began to gain its popularity year after year. Today there are almost no those people who would not be the admirer of a good cinema. As well as many years ago, the cinema also plays a huge role in human life, but nowadays it became more available – it is possible to watch it on large-format screens at cinemas, on the TV and on the screen of monitors of a computer through the Internet, online. The cinema shapes outlook of the person, enriches it spiritually, sates with the helpful information. There is also a psychological influence of a cinema on the person, in fact under its influence there can be a varied scale of unique feelings. A film or a serial can cause a smile or tears, pleasure or grief, excitation or sensation of inner peace. Movies can change a person, his internal status, behavior, character. Of course, it should be noticed, that movie may have a negative impact on the development of a person. While watching a movie, especially young people often put themselves in the place of the hero, they empathize to him and share his feelings with him virtually. Often spectators somehow live in a fictional world, in the world of dreams.

Without a doubt, cinema is one of the most important and the most popular types of arts, which has a great influence on the life of a person. It can also impact on the world’s cultural development.

Literary adaptation

Works of literature have been adapted for film from the dawn of the industry. In 1907 the literature works started to be widely used for the movie scripts. Now different movie versions or film adaptations of novels and stories of famous writers are very popular.

Film adaptation is the transfer of a written work, in whole or in part, to a feature film.

A common form of film adaptation is the use of a novel as the basis of a feature film. Other works adapted into films include non-fiction (including journalism), autobiography, comic books, scriptures, plays, historical sources, and even other films. From the earliest days of cinema, in nineteenth-century Europe, adaptation from such diverse resources has been a ubiquitous practice of filmmaking.

Films based on Russian Literature for Kids.

There is no story like a Russian story. Childhood is the most wonderful period of human’s life. If you ask what are the most fascinating memories connected with it, the answer is cartoons of course! Generations grow up watching them. We all remember animated films based on Russian fairy tales.

1. Dobrynya Nikitich and Zmey Gorynych

2. Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber
3. The Magic Pipe
4. Tsarevna-Frog 
5. Ruslan and Ludmila (film)
6. The Snow Maiden (1952 film)
7. Firebird 
8. The Tale of Tsar Saltan (1984 film)

9. Twelve Months (1980 film)

10. Sadko  and many others.

A lot of the greatest children’s books have been adapted to be dearly loved films. Till date young spectators are fond of amusing cartoons and films based on works by Russian writers Agniya Barto, Kir Bulychev,Korney Chukovsky,Arkady Gaidar,Samuil Marshak,Sergey Mikhalkov,Nikolay Nosov,Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy,Eduard Uspensky, Evgeny Shvarts,Eduard Uspenski,Sergei Aksakov,Alexander Volkov,Boris Zakhoder.

Most Russian novels are known for many pages, long sentences, and deep philosophical dialogue.

The most popular films based on Russian writers.

The Great Russian writers continue to be a source of inspiration for artists all over the world, including filmmakers who have produced hundreds of movies based on Russian novels.

I decided to find out the most popular films based on Russian writers.

Alexander Pushkin is the most important Russian writer of all time, like Shakespeare in England. He created also a number of masterpieces in drama and prose .Many films were based on his works. 

• Boris Godunov (1954 film)

• Boris Godunov (1986 film)

• Boris Godunov (1989 film)

• The Captain's Daughter (film)

• Dubrowsky

• Dunja (film)

• Eugene Onegin (film)

• How Czar Peter the Great Married Off His Moor

• Little Tragedies (1979 film)

• Onegin (film) Ruslan and Ludmila (film)

• The Stationmaster (1925 film)

• The Stationmaster (film)

• The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda (film)

• The Tale of Tsar Saltan (1984 film)

• Tears of Blood

• Tempest (1958 film)

Leo Tolstoy is widely considered one of the world's greatest novelists. He is best known for two long novels, « War and Peace» (1869) and « Anna Karenina» (1877).

"Anna Karenina" the most film adapted Leo Tolstoy's work not only in Russia, but also around the world. There are 23 screen versions in total. Among them: 7 Russian, 5 American, 5 English, 2 French, 2 Italian and 2 German movies. The first screen version in 1910 was performed in Germany. Anna Karenina was acted by such famous actresses as Greta Garbo, Vivien Leigh, Jacqueline Bisset, Tatyana Drubich, Irina Apeksimova and many others. The best screen version from all existing consider the art two-part drama "Anna Karenina" from the Soviet director Alexander Zarkhi which came out in 1967. Alexander Zarkhi's movie is the exact screen version of a plot of the famous novel. Today it takes the 89th place on attendance among domestic movies for all history of Russian film distribution.

I liked  Anna Karenina (2016 film), a Russian version directed by Karen Shakhnazarov starring Elizaveta Boyarskaya and Maksim Matveyev.

The novel «War and peace» was adapted for films 10 times. The first three films were shot in pre-revolutionary Russia: The first Russian adaptation of « War and Peace» (Война и мир) was  in 1915, which was directed by Vladimir Gardin and starred Gardin and the Russian ballerina Vera Karalli. Pyotr Chardynin produced twice: in the 1913th and 1915th, for the second time having separately stopped on Natasha Rostova's image.

Certainly, "War and peace" directed by Sergey Bondarchuk became the best. It starred  Lyudmila Savelyeva  (as Natasha Rostova) and  Vyacheslav Tikhonov  (as Andrei Bolkonsky).Bondarchuk himself played the character of Pierre Bezukhov. It involved thousands of extras and took six years to finish the shooting, as a result of which the actors age changed dramatically from scene to scene. It won an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film for its authenticity and massive scale. Bondarchuk's film is considered to be the best screen version of the novel.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - one of the most picturized writers. From 11 screen versions of "Uncle Vanya" the first has appeared only in the 1957th year. Andrey Konchalovsky, Anthony Hopkins and Louis Malle's works are the most interesting. The first of directors managed to recover in literal sense not only the atmosphere of the Chekhovian play, but also life, a situation in which heroes lived. "Uncle Vanya" was picturized in the USA, France, Great Britain, Sweden, Yugoslavia, the USSR and Germany.

The Russian writer F.M. Dostoevski is regarded as one of the world's great novelists.

«The Brothers Karamazov» is his final novel. Dostoyevsky spent nearly two years writing The Brothers Karamazov, which was published as a serial in The Russian Messenger from January 1879 to November 1880. The author died less than four months after its publication.

There have been several film adaptations of The Brothers Karamazov. The screen version of the world famous novel - the latest work of the classic of the Soviet cinema Ivan Aleksandrovich Pyryev. In 1969 it won an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film, the prize "Pearl" as the best foreign tape of year at tender of the Japanese association of cinema fans (1971). In total movie was adapted 12 times by the Russian, German, Italian, American, Soviet, French, Czech and Japanese film directors.

Many other novels by Russian writers were adapted for the screen.

«And Quiet Flows the Don» is based on the novel of the same title by Mikhail Sholokhov.

«Bastards» (2006 film) by V.Kunin

«The Dawns Here Are Quiet» is based on Boris Vasilyev's novel of the same name. 

«Dead Souls» (1984 film), «Taras Bulba» (2009 film) «Viy» (2014 film)

 are based on Nikolai Gogol's novels of the same names.

«Doctor Zhivago» (film)  is based on the Boris Pasternak novel of the same name.

«The Golden Calf» (1968 film)is based on the eponymous novel by Ilf and Petrov.

«Heart of a Dog» (1988 film). It is based on Mikhail Bulgakov's novel «Heart of a Dog».

«Mother» (1955 film)is based on the eponymous novel by Maxim Gorky.

«The Sannikov Land» (film) is based on the novel of the same name by Vladimir Obruchev.

«Seventeen Moments of Spring» is based on the novel of the same title by Yulian Semyonov.

«The Young Guard» (film)is  based on the novel of the same title by Alexander Fadeyev. 

Of course, I like watching some films as means of pastime. My favorite films are « Scarlet Sales» based on novel by A.Green, «Country lady» based on novel by A. Pushkin, «Heroes of our Time» based on novel by M..Lermontov,some films based on novels by A.P.Tchekhov, « Scarecrow» based on novel by V.Zhelesnyakov,M. A. Bulgakovs «Ivan Vasilevich», «Moscow doesn’t believe in Tears» by V. Tchernych, some patriotic fims: «The Novel about the Real Man» based on novel by B.Polevoy, Sholokhov’s « The Destiny of a Man», «The Joy of our House», « Long, Long Childhood» based on novels by Mustai Karim.

The poll of my schoolmates.

Some of my friends say there is nothing better than reading a good book while other would rather watch its film version.  As we know, most of the movies nowadays are based on literary sources – and thanks to technology, the indolent masses now do not bother reading books. I have conducted survey among the schoolmates and have found out:

Nowadays young people don’t read so much as in the past. When we ask them «Why? », their usual answer is: I have no time, I´m too busy, I don´t like books, or reading is not necessary for my life. They prefer watching TV, video, surfing the Internet, making sport or many other activities. They consider a time spent with a book as wasted.

Reasons for reading.

Of course, there are also many people, who think that reading is very important part of human life. Some of them read books just for pleasure, or when they want to learn something, others take book as good way to relax. For most people is reading a form of escape from monotony of everyday life.

As a potent method of communication, writing was formally invented by the Sumerians some 3000 years ago –who soon began to compose their musings into books. It is an acknowledged fact that books are a great source of information and are very educational in nature. Regularly reading books can do wonders for anybody’s vocabulary, reading and writing skills.

That is why students from a young age are encouraged to read books so as to enhance their language and creative skills – while movies are widely appreciated only as a source of entertainment.

There are several reasons for this preference.

1. Books by nature are profound and imply a deeper meaning. The ideas of a writer in a book are similar to the extensive root system of a tree, firmly embedded in the soil. The script in the books is almost like a conversation in the reader’s mind as they develop a relationship with the characters. Like a system of connected chains, the idiosyncrasies of the characters and the ensuing events work systematically to convey the story. Whereas a movie serves only on a superficial level; projecting just a general idea of the book. Movies most of the times truncate the material that the reader considers to be important for the span of the events to progress.

2. Reading a book is a thoroughly interactive and creative activity whereas watching a movie does not demand any such activity on the reader’s part. A reader is drifted into the world of writer’s imagination where he employs his own imagination adroitly and witnesses a whole new aura of someone else’s world with persistent zeal. . While reading a book, a reader discovers the character’s different traits and also experiences his growth and development. On the other hand, in movies, the casting is often not up to the mark and the selected actors may not meet the reader’s imagination. There is also little intimacy between the audience and the characters. In a movie, the audience does not get the time to ponder upon the character but more importantly, the characters in a movie are judged by the actors’ performance onscreen, rendering their individuality and strength questionable.

3. It is said that a book is a man’s best friend; its companion at times of loneliness. They allow a person to drift into a world created by their own imagination. While technology has facilitated the art of watching movies to a great extent, it can still never become as personal as reading a book.

Movies are never a one-man-show as they require manpower, team effort, and not to mention fancy, bulging budgets. On the other hand, books are the true image of a sole writer’s mental working; a depiction of his or her individualism. Writing truly is the only free source of infinite pleasure and entertainment, baring talking.

4. Everything and everyone in this world has a special place which cannot be claimed by anything or anyone else. While movies are a great medium of entertainment and are a revolutionary breakthrough, they can never be the alternative to the oldest and richest form of art. The mere feeling of writing and reading powerful words, immortalizing your voice through the text your wrote or having a book in your hands as you peacefully sit in a cozy corner away from all trials and tribulations  is what makes books impeccable, irresistible and irreplaceable.

But personally, I think that reading is much more interesting. And I’ll try to prove my point of view. A movie is usually a cut and simplified version of a book. Any film is time-limited, so, it inevitably misses a lot of important details. Often filmmakers have to sacrifice lesser characters or cut down long speeches in order to make the picture shorter and more dynamic. While reading a book, we enjoy the author’s descriptions of people and situations; laugh at funny details or apt phrases that can be just missing in the film. Reading expands imagination. A movie offers you a finished picture. All you should do is just sit and watch it. And while reading you have to create this picture in your mind. You are trying to imagine how this or that character looks, how he moves and speaks. You create the whole world in your head. And it’s much more interesting than just to consume a picture born in other people’s minds, isn’t it? Reading broadens vocabulary, improves writing skills and literacy in general. It is a well-known fact that kids, who read books from an early age are better at spelling and writing, find information in a text more quickly, and make fewer mistakes than those who don’t read. Movies offer actions, not descriptions. In a film we hear people’s dialogues and monologues, not their thoughts and feelings. And with books everything is different. They teach us to choose the right words for describing a situation, to express our thoughts correctly. All these can’t but contributes our general intelligence. You can read a book at your own individual pace. At any moment you can put a novel aside and think over what you’ve just read. You have enough time to enjoy brilliant scenes, re-read them again and again. After all, you can read one book for a week or two making breaks as often as you wish. A movie doesn’t give you such an opportunity, especially if you are watching it in a cinema. Even if you are at home, you will hardly make a pause every five minutes. You’ll gulp it in two or three hours – and that’s all.

Conclusion

Differences between the movie and the book.

1. The book transfers inner world of heroes. During the reading of the favourite book we understand motives, thoughts, views of participants better. Sometimes it is difficult to actors to reflect all scale of emotions, experiences and internal motives in movies. In fact, this whole art also depends on talent and skill of the actor.

2. ​ Films are very often shot based on books. Therefore the director of the movie can adhere to a book plot, and can and isn't present. It can be connected with his outlook on life, a situation, and also with financial opportunities. Therefore the movie cannot always tell so deeply and widely what is described in the primary source.

3. ​ The book requires more time. And to watch the movie will be required the couple of hours. To get acquainted with any fascinating story or to read some novel means to allocate much free time.

4. ​ To shoot the film requires a lot of money and the organizations.

5. The book allows to plunge into inner world of heroes, to consider small details, and the movie helps to see the course of events, the embodiment in reality described by the author.

6. Watching favourite movies and reading the most interesting books are leisure for many families.

What is better: to read a great book, or to watch a fabulous film based on this book? One important detail should be noticed: sometimes the movie and the book perfectly supplement each other. But books allow opening what stands deeply behind our feelings and experiences. So I prefer books!

Bibliography

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2. Касаткина Т. Врожденный порок экранизации. – «Литературная газета», 18.06.2003. 

3. Литературные произведения на экране: аннотированный библиографический указатель/МУК «Централизованная библиотечная система»; сост. Ю. В. Аргентова. – Сыктывкар, 2008 .

4. Словарь иностранных слов. Комлев Н.Г., 2006.

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6. Wikipedia. Category :Works adapted into films.

7. Wikipedia. Category :Lists of works adapted into films