Тренировочные упражнения "Инфинитив и герундий"

ДИДАКТИЧЕСКИЙ МАТЕРИАЛ ПО АНГЛИСЙКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ НА ТЕМУ: «ИНФИНИТИВ И ГЕРУНДИЙ»

10 КЛАСС

ПАМЯТКА.

Инфинитивом называют неопределенную форму глагола. Эта форма выражает действие, но не показывает лицо или число. Инфинитив отвечает на вопросы «что делать?», «что сделать?»: to run – бежать/прибежать, to cook – готовить/приготовить. В предложении инфинитив может использоваться с частицей to и без нее.

Инфинитив может свободно «путешествовать» по предложению. Обычно он выполняет роль:

1. Подлежащего.

To walk alone late at night is very dangerous. – Гулять в одиночку поздно вечером очень опасно.

1. Части сказуемого.

My decision is to stay here for a couple of days. – Мое решение – остаться здесь на пару дней.

1. Дополнения.

Many people hate to lose. – Многие люди ненавидят проигрывать.

1. Определения

She was the best to solve this problem. – Она лучше всех решила эту задачу.

1. Обстоятельства

You can break this model. It was made to be tested. – Можешь ломать эту модель. Она была сделана для тестирования.

Формы инфинитива в английском языке

В английском языке у инфинитива есть ни много ни мало четыре формы: простая (simple), длительная (continuous), перфектная (perfect), перфектная длительная (perfect continuous).

Случаи употребления форм инфинитива:

1. Simple Infinitive – простой инфинитив

Это та форма, которую мы привыкли видеть в словаре. Обычно она используется для обозначения действия в настоящем или будущем времени.

I am really glad to see you again. – Я очень рад увидеть тебя снова.

This work should be done immediately. – Эту работу следует сделать немедленно.

1. Continuous Infinitive – длительный инфинитив

Длительный инфинитив указывает на продолжительное действие. Этот инфинитив так же, как и простой, обозначает действие в настоящем или будущем времени.

He must be still reading a magazine. – Наверное, он все еще читает журнал.

1. Perfect Infinitive – перфектный инфинитив

Перфектный инфинитив называет действие, которое произошло раньше указанного в предложении момента речи или раньше другого действия.

I am sorry to have told him this secret. – Мне жаль, что я рассказал ему этот секрет.

There is a drawing on the table. This sketch must have been made by George. –

На столе лежит рисунок. Этот набросок, должно быть, был сделан Джорджем.

1. Perfect Continuous Infinitive – перфектный длительный инфинитив

Этот инфинитив показывает действие, которое длится до определенного момента или другого действия в настоящем.

He is dissatisfied to have been living here for five years. – Он очень недоволен тем, что живет здесь пять лет.

Использование инфинитива (с - и без- to) и глаголов с окончанием –ing

Инфинитив с частицей to используется:

1. для выражения цели. He went shopping to buy some new clothes.

2. после would love/like/prefer. I would like to have a cup of tea now.

3. после прилагательных happy, sorry, angry, glad, pleased, annoyed и др. I’m glad to see you!

4. со словами too (слишком) и enough

He’s too young to go to school alone.

She’s clever enough to understand this.

1. после ряда глаголов: advise, agree, appear, decide, expect, forget, hope, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seem, want

I hope to meet him again..

1. после вопросительных слов where, how, what, who, which

They don’t know what to do.

I don’t know how to skate.

Инфинитив без частицы to используется:

1. после модальных глаголов can, must, should, could, might, have to, ought to и др.

I must do my homework right now.

You have to get up earlier tomorrow.

1. после глаголов let, make, hear, see

My parents let me go clubbing.

I heard her sing yesterday.

1. После выражений had better, would rather

You’d better go to bed. You look tired.

I’d rather stay at home in such bad weather.

! После глагола help можно использовать как инфинитив с to, так и без to

He helped me to write this report.

Can you help me clean the flat?

Глаголы с окончанием –ing употребляются:

1. в качестве существительного. Fishing is a hobby for quiet relaxed people.

2. после глаголов like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, prefer.

I enjoy playing tennis.

1. После глаголов start, begin, stop, finish. Stop talking to me like that!

2. После глагола go в сочетании с видами деятельности

Let’s go skydiving! He went snowboarding.

1. после глаголов avoid, admit, confess to, deny, look forward to, mind, object to, regret, risk, spend, suggest и др.

I look forward to going out on Saturday.

1. после выражений I’m busy, it’s no use, it’s (no) good, it’s worth, what’s the use of, be used to, there’s no point (in)

There’s no use talking to him. He’s in the headphones.

1. после предлогов. He left without saying goodbye.

2. после глаголов see, hear в значении не полного действия

I saw her talking to the head teacher. ( Я видел, как она говорит с директором, но не видел ни начала действия, ни его окончания)

Тренировочные упражнения

1. Translate into Russian.

1 . The buyers want to know our terms of payment.
2 . This is for you to decide.
3 . The plan of our work will be discussed at the meeting to be held on May 25. 
4 . To walk in the garden was a pleasure.
5 . Jane remembered to have been told a lot about Mr. Smith.
6 . I felt him put his hand on my shoulder.
7 . This writer is said to have written a new novel.
8 . She seems to be having a good time at the seaside.
9 . They watched the boy cross the street.
10 . To advertise in magazines is very expensive.
11 . He proved to be one of the cleverest students at our Institute.
12 . He knew himself to be strong enough to take part in the expedition.
13 . To see is to believe.
14 . He is sure to enjoy himself at the disco.
15 . To tell you the truth, this company has a very stable position in the market.

1. Put “to” before the infinitive where it is necessary.

1 . My son asked me … let him … go to the club.
2 . You must make him … practice an hour a day.
3 . She was made … repeat the song.
4 . He is not sure that it can … be done, but he is willing … try.
5 . Let me … help you with your work.
6 . She asked me … read the letter carefully and … write an answer.
7 . You ought … take care of your health.
8 . I looked for the book everywhere but could not … find it.
9 . He was seen … leave the house.
10 . We had … put on our overcoats because it was cold.
11 . The man told me not … walk on the grass.
12 . Have you heard him … play the piano? 
13 . You had better … go there at once.
14 . I would rather not … tell them about it.
15 . We shall take a taxi so as not … miss the train.

1. Make infinitives (add “to”) or gerunds (add “-ing”) of the verbs in brackets to make the following sentences grammatically correct.

 1. When I’m tired, I enjoy ... television. It’s relaxing. (watch)

 2. It was a nice day, so we decided ... for a walk. (go)

 3. It’s a nice day. Does anyone fancy ... for a walk? (go)

 4. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind ... (wait)

 5. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford ... out very often. (go)

 6. I wish that dog would stop ... It’s driving me mad. (bark)

 7. Our neighbour threatened ... the police if we didn’t stop the noise. (call)

 8. We were hungry, so I suggested ... dinner early. (have)

 9. Hurry up! I don’t want to risk ... the train. (miss)

 10. I’m still looking for a job but I hope ... something soon. (find)

1. Put the words in the brackets into the correct infinitive form or the –ing form.

1. Would you like me _____(cook) dinner tonight? Ok, but how about ____ (making) something light, like soup?

2. Do you know how _____(play) the piano? No, but I’d like _____ (learn) one day.

3. Mark enjoy ______(listen) to music.

4. I can only ______ (hope) everything turns out well.

5. I’m tired of _____ (do) the same exercise.

6. Please let me _____(go) to the party. Sorry, you must _____(study) for the exam.

7. This year Jack plans _______(buy) a house.

8. Did you see the robber? Yes. I saw him ____(get) into the car and drive away.

9. She is too short _______(become) a fashion model.

10. That's a music school, isn't it? That's right. I often hear the students____ (sing) as I walk past.

1. Put one of the given verbs in the correct form – infinitive or gerund:

to see, to lock, to explain, to go, to show, to play, to listen, to do, to write, to earn, to discuss, to drive, to look, to speak, to understand, to do, to stay, to work, to spend

1. I wish ... the manager.— It’s no use ... to him.

2. Don’t forget ... the door before ... to bed.

3. My mother told me not ... to anyone about it.

4. He tried ... but she didn’t want ...

5. Would you mind ... me how the lift works?

6. I’m beginning ... what you mean.

7. The boys like ... tennis but not ... this in bad weather.

8. Try ... this correctly.

9. He likes ... in his cabinet.

10. I prefer ... my car myself.

11. I advice you ... at my place and ... for a new flat.

12. Let’s ... this tomorrow, I’m tired now.

13. Most people prefer ... money. Some don’t want ... them.