Употребление артикля

Артикль

Френдак Галина Емельяновна,

учитель английского языка

Копьёвской средней школы

Артикль

неопределенный определенный

The book

(определенная)

A book

(любая)

Неопределенный

An o range

A c arrot

Неопределенный артикль:

• Предмет упоминается впервые

I ate an apple for lunch.

2. В конструкции there is с исчисляемыми существительными

There is a book on the table.

3. После «what» в восклицательных предложениях

What a day!

4 . В идиомах

I am not much of a singer.

5 . Именная часть составного сказуемого

I am a student.

No article:

• Перед абстрактными существительными

Knowledge is power.

• Перед неисчисляемыми существительными

Snow is white.

• Перед количественными числительными

I bought 3 books for school library.

• Перед словами “some, any, every, etc”

There is some juice in the jug.

5. Если перед словом стоит притяжательное местоимение

Her book is more expensive than mine.

No article!

Континенты: Africa,

Штаты:

Texas

Города: New York

Abakan

Улицы:

Sovetskaya street

Особые случаи:

Имена людей всегда без артикля

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

НО!

Если речь идет о целой семье, используют определенный артикль

The Ivanovs, The Smiths

Определенный артикль всегда :

• Названия океанов : The Pacific Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean

• Названия морей : The Black Sea

The Baltic Sea

3. Названия рек: The Nile

The Volga

4. Названия проливов: The English Chanel

5. Названия пустынь: The Sahara

Особые случаи :

• Озера: Lake Baikal (без артикля)

The Baikal

• Горы: Mount Everest

The Alps

Особые случаи:

• Город Гаага The Hague
• Страна: Russia

The Russian Federation

• Голландия: Holland

The Netherland s

The North

The East

The West

The South

Всегда the :

• с порядковыми числительными

the first of September

• с прилагательными в превосходной степени

the strongest man in the city

the most beautiful girl in the class

St. Basil’s Cathedral

The Tretyakov Gallery

The Kremlin

The British Museum

The Tsar Cannon

The Tsar Bell

The Bolshoi Theatre

Red Square

NO ARTICLE!

To go to school – идти в школу (учиться)

To be in hospital – быть в больнице (лечиться)

To go to bed – идти спать

To be in prison – быть в тюрьме (сидеть)

To be in church – быть в церкви (молиться)

To go to university – идти в университет (учиться)

To go to college – идти в колледж (учиться)

Article THE!

To go to the school – идти в школу (e.g. на родительское собрание)

To be in the hospital – быть в больнице (e.g. навестить больного)

Don’t sit on the bed – не садись на кровать (мебель)

To be in the prison – быть в тюрьме (e.g. на свидании с осужденным)

To be in the church – быть в церкви (e.g. купить свечу)

To go to the university – идти в университет (e.g. обсудить экзамены сына)

To go to the college – идти в колледж (e.g. встретить дочь)

Exersise1

… United States is … big country. It consists of … 50 states. … Hawaii is … 50 th state. … Rhode Island is … smallest. … capital of … USA is … Washington, DC. There are … mountains in … west and big lakes in … north. … longest North American river, … Mississippi, begins near these lakes and flows into … Gulf of Mexico.

Keys

The United States is a big country. It consists of 50 states. Hawaii is the 50 th state. Rhode Island is the smallest. The capital of the USA is Washington, DC. There are mountains in the west and big lakes in the north. The longest North American river, the Mississippi, begins near these lakes and flows into the Gulf of Mexico.

Exercise 2:

… New Zealand is … small country. It is situated south-east of … Australia. Nearly 3,5 million … people live in … country. … capital of … New Zealand is … Wellington. … official language is … English. …climate of … New Zealand is moist. There are … many rivers in … country. … main rivers are … Waikato and … Wairu.

Keys

New Zealand is a small country. It is situated south-east of Australia. Nearly 3,5 million people live in the country. The capital of New Zealand is Wellington. The official language is English. The climate of New Zealand is moist. There are many rivers in the country. The main rivers are the Waikato and the Wairu.

Exercise 3 .

• This is … book. It is my … book.
• Is this your … pencil? – No, it isn’t my … pencil, it is my sister’s … pencil.

• I have … sister. My … sister is … engineer. My sister’s … husband is … doctor.

• I have no … handbag.
• She has got … headache.
• Have they got … car? – Yes, they have. Their … car is very expensive but reliable.
• Have you got … calculator? – No, I haven’t.
• Is this … watch? – No, it isn’t … watch, it’s … pen.
• This … pen is good, and that … pen is bad.
• I can see … pencil on your … table, but I can see no … paper.

Keys

• This is a book. It is my book.
• Is this your pencil? – No, it isn’t my pencil, it is my sister’s pencil.

• I have a sister. My sister is an engineer. My sister’s husband is a doctor.

• I have no handbag.
• She has got a headache.
• Have they got a car? – Yes, they have. Their car is very expensive but reliable.
• Have you got a calculator? – No, I haven’t.
• Is this a watch? – No, it isn’t a watch, it’s a pen.
• This pen is good, and that pen is bad.
• I can see a pencil on his table, but I can see no paper.

Exercise 4

11. Give me … chair, please.

12. They have … dog and two cats.

13. I have … spoon in my … plate, but I have no … soup in it.

14. My … friend says he is going to be … millionaire one … day.

15. Would you like … orange?

16. Mr. Smith is … artist, Mrs. Smith is … poetess.

17. This … pencil is broken. Give me that … pencil, please.

18. She has … ball. … ball is … big.

19. I got … letter from my … friend yesterday. … letter was interesting.

20. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at … hotel and sometimes in … restaurant.

Keys

11. Give me a chair, please.

12. They have a dog and two cats.

13. I have a spoon in my plate, but I have no soup in it.

14. My friend says he is going to be a millionaire one day.

15. Would you like an orange?

16. Mr. Smith is an artist, Mrs. Smith is a poetess.

17. This pencil is broken. Give me that pencil, please.

18. She has a ball. The ball is big.

19. I got a letter from my friend yesterday. The letter was interesting.

20. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at a hotel.

Exercise 5

1.He hasn’t got … car. But he’s got … computer. … computer is new.

2. My … friends have got … cat and … dog.

3. This is … tree. … tree is green.

4. I can see three … boys. … boys are playing.

5. I have … bicycle. … bicycle is black. My … friend has no … bicycle.

6. Our … room is large.

7. We wrote … dictation yesterday. … dictation was long.

8. She has two … daughters and one … son. Her … son is … pupil.

9. Last year I gave my … mother … bracelet for her … birthday. She liked … bracelet.

10. My … brother’s … friend has no … dog.

Keys

1.He hasn’t got a car. But he’s got a computer. The computer is new.

2. My friends have got a cat and a dog .

3. This is a tree. The tree is green.

4. I can see three boys. The boys are playing.

5. I have a bicycle. The bicycle is black. My friend has no bicycle.

6. Our room is large.

7. We wrote a dictation yesterday. The dictation was long.

8. She has two daughters and one son. Her son is a pupil.

9. Last year I gave my mother a bracelet for her birthday. She liked the bracelet.

10. My brother’s friend has no dog.

Exercise 6

1. This is … pen. … pen is red.

2. These are pencils. … pencils are black

3. This is … soup. … soup is tasty.

4. In the morning I eat … sandwich and drink … tea.

5. She gave me … coffee and … cake. … coffee was hot. … cake was tasty.

6. Do you like … ice-cream?

7. I see … book in your … hand. Is … book interesting?

8. Do you need … camera?

9. He never eats … meat, he always eats … vegetables, … cereals, … seeds, … fruit, and … nuts. He is … vegetarian.

10. This is … pineapple. … pineapple is delicious.

Keys

1. This is a pen. The pen is red.

2. These are pencils. The pencils are black

3. This is soup. The soup is tasty.

4. In the morning I eat a sandwich and drink tea.

5. She gave me coffee and cake. The coffee was hot. The cake was tasty.

6. Do you like ice-cream?

7. I see a book in your hand. Is the book interesting?

8. Do you need a camera?

9. He never eats meat, he always eats vegetables, cereals, seeds, fruit, and nuts. He is a vegetarian.

10. This is a pineapple. The pineapple is delicious.

артикль не употребляется: at _ school, at _ home, at _ work

Exercise 7

1. I have two … sisters. My … sisters are … students.

2. We are at … home.

3. My … brother is not at … home, he is at … school.

4. My … mother is at … work.

5. I am not … doctor.

6. I have no … sister.

7. He is not … pilot.

8. I have thirty-two … teeth.

9. He has … child.

10. She has two … children. Her children are at … school.

11. Is your father at … home? – No, he is at … work.

12. Where is your … brother? – He is at … home.

Keys

1. I have two sisters. My sisters are students.

2. We are at home.

3. My brother is not at home, he is at school.

4. My mother is at work.

5. I am not a doctor.

6. I have no sister.

7. He is not a pilot.

8. I have thirty-two teeth.

9. He has a child.

10. She has two children. Her children are at school.

11. Is your father at home? – No, he is at work.

12. Where is your brother? – He is at home.

8

• We have … large … family.
• My granny often tells us … long … interesting … stories.
• My … father is … engineer. He works at … factory. … factory is large.

• My … mother is … doctor. She works at … large … hospital. She is at … work now.

• My … aunt is … teacher. She works at … school. … school is good. My … aunt is not at … school now. She is at … home. She is drinking … tea and eating … jam. … jam is sweet. I am at … home too. I am drinking … tea and eating … sandwich. … sandwich is tasty.

• My sister is at … school. She is … pupil.

• My cousin has … big … black … cat. My cousin’s … cat has two … kittens. … cat likes … milk. … kittens like … milk too.

• I am … engineer.
• My … son is … pupil.
• He is … good … pupil.

Keys

• We have a large family.
• My granny often tells us long interesting stories.
• My father is an engineer. He works at a factory. The factory is large.

• My mother is a doctor. She works at a large hospital. She is at work now.

• My aunt is a teacher. She works at school. The school is good. My aunt is not at school now. She is at home. She is drinking tea and eating jam. The jam is sweet. I am at home too. I am drinking tea and eating a sandwich. The sandwich is tasty.

• My sister is at school. She is a pupil.

• My cousin has a big black cat. My cousin’s cat has two kittens. The cat likes milk. The kittens like milk too.

• I am … engineer.
• My son is a pupil.
• He is a good pupil.

9

1. I see ... bottle of ... pineapple ... juice on ... kitchen table.

2. Her ... son has ... great ... sense of ... humor.

3. There was ... disco at ... club last Saturday but he didn't go.

4. Is there ... bus stop near this building?

5. We have ... big dog. ... dog is very clever.

6. My friend has ... very good computer.

7. This ... boy is big. He is ... student.

8. There is ... very large piano in the hall.

9. This is ... tree and that is not ... tree. It's ... bush.

10. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I study at ... school.

11. My sister is at ... work. She is ... secretary. She works at ... large office.

12. This is ...very difficult question. I don't know ... answer to it.

13. Do you see ... little girl with ... big ball in her hands? She is ... pupil of our school.

14. There was ... beautiful flower in this vase yesterday. Where is ... flower now?

1. I see a bottle of pineapple juice on a kitchen table.

2. Her son has great sense of humor.

3. There was a disco at a club last Saturday but he didn't go.

4. Is there a bus stop near this building?

5. We have a big dog. The dog is very clever.

6. My friend has a very good computer.

7. This boy is big. He is a student.

8. There is a very large piano in the hall.

9. This is a tree and that is not a tree. It's a bush.

10. I am a boy. I am a pupil. I study at school.

11. My sister is at work. She is a secretary. She works at a large office.

12. This is a very difficult question. I don't know the answer to it.

13. Do you see a little girl with a big ball in her hands? She is the pupil of our school.

14. There was a beautiful flower in this vase yesterday. Where is the flower now?

10

1.There is ... park behind ... hospital. There are ... beautiful ... trees in ... park. 2. There is ... good ... film on TV this ... evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is ... library between ... school and ... bank. There are ... cushions on ... sofa. 6. There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please. 7. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ... shelves? - There is ... butter in ... butter dish. There is ... sausage, but there is no ... cheese. There are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ... lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 8. There is ... juice in this ... cup? May I drink ... juice? 9. There are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys. Where are ... boys? - Oh, all ... boys are playing ... football at ... stadium.

Использованные ресурсы

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• http://soultraveller.co.za/wp-includes/js/crop/orange-8017.jpg апельсин
• http://uyanangenclik.com/resimler/harita/ulkeler/netherlands_map_small.png.jpeg Голландия
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• http://stat8.blog.ru/lr/0a2413c1ee77e6541936937ba577f039 девушка
• http://www.xtec.cat/~mmusson3/peses.gif силач
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• http://d.topic.lt/Fmfir/images/picsw/122010/03/post/tn.jpg Кремль
• http://img1.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/2/72/817/72817275_pevec_osel.jpg осел
• http://www.nlib.sakha.ru/center/images/M_images/news/2013/may/image4.jpeg студент
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• http://luxfon.com/large/201203/9754.jpg снег

• http://s017.radikal.ru/i434/1202/65/76eac543a9a7.jpg семья
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• http://eh08.narod.ru/picture07.jpg гора Эверест
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• http://s16.radikal.ru/i191/1002/33/2b81bbf12c78.jpg морковь
• http://gotovie-prezentacii.ru/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/geografiya-1.jpg титульный слайд
• http://www.freelancejob.ru/upload/565/29717167979106.jpg ёж с яблоком
• http://f8.ifotki.info/org/4c2b6e8cb765cbe096757b6cf55e93cdbc81d694021714.jpg лев
• http://yourchance.3dn.ru/_ph/4/2/831815775.jpg улицы в России
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• http://www.greenme.it/images/stories/mangiare/altri%20alimenti/the_freddo.jpg сок в кувшине
• http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/6/92/311/92311456_1326648924_2photo.jpg школа
• http://900igr.net/datas/mkhk/Kreml-v-Moskve/0010-010-Tretjakovskaja-galereja.jpg Третьяковская галерея
• http://www.klops.ru/upload/7eef199e47f3b50b8ff8ee4c97e7a28e.jpg Собор Василия Блаженного
• http://www.ukstudentlife.com/Life/Entertainment/Museums/BritishMuseum.jpg Британский музей
• http://www.keminfo.ru/image/upload/tykove59.jpg Нью Йорк
• http://i.quto.ru/c400x300/4c230c63eb7e6.jpeg улицы

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• http://a.pix.ge:81/c/v6pyr.jpg Царь пушка
• http://s05.radikal.ru/i178/0910/da/22b4f345899b.jpg Царь колокол
• http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/7/98/791/98791900_a062ca.png Большой театр
• http://www.metalrus.ru/datas/users/14-krasnaya_ploscad_1990.jpg Красная площадь
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