Министерство образования, науки и молодежи Республика Крым
Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение
Республики Крым «Красногвардейский агропромышленный техникум имени Н.И. Скворцова»
Урок на тему:
«Наука и технологический прогресс».
Разработчик:
преподаватель
Суфьянова Э.Э.
2024 г.
Цель занятия: формирование лексических навыков обучающихся в рамках темы, совершенствование навыков письменной речи по данной теме.
Задачи:
Образовательная: - познакомить с лексическим материалом;
- совершенствовать навыки понимающего чтения текста с извлечение конкретной информации. Воспитательная: - воспитывать интерес к достижениям современной науки.
Развивающая: - развивать навыки самооценивания в процессе обучения;
- содействовать формированию самостоятельной познавательной
деятельности.
Ход занятия
I. Разминка
1. Какое изобретение, по вашему мнению, оказало наибольшее влияние на общество? Как оно изменило вашу жизнь?
2. Составьте стихотворение:
C
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M
P
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E
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II. Основная часть
Аудирование
Прослушайте текст и выберите ответы (a b c d), которые соответствуют тексту:
Computers
A computer is really a very specific kind of a counting machine. It can do arithmetic problems faster than any person alive. By means of electric processes it finds the answer to a very difficult and complicated problem in a few seconds.
A computer can "remember" information you give it. It keeps the information in its "memory" until you need it. There are different kinds of computers. Some can do only one job. There are special-purpose computers. Each specific problem requires a specific computer. One kind of computer helps us build a spaceship, another kind helps us navigate it. A special-purpose computer is built for this purpose alone and cannot do anything else.
But there are some computers that do many different jobs. They are called the general-purpose computers. There are the big "brains" that solve the most difficult problems of science. We used to think of a computer as a large machine that took up a whole room. But today computers are becoming smaller and smaller. Though these small devices are called microcomputers or minicomputers, they are still true computers.
The most important parts of the general-purpose computer are as follows: 1) memory, where information is kept; 2) an arithmetic unit for performing calculations, 3) a control unit for the correct order of operations; 4) input devices; 5) output devices for displaying the results of calculations. The input and output devices are called peripherals.
There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can. Sometimes weight is particularly important. A modern plane carries many heavy electronic apparatus. If it is possible to make any of them smaller, it can carry a bigger weight. But weight is not the only factor. The smaller the computer is, the faster it can work. The signals go to and for at a very high but almost constant speed.
Some of the first computer cost millions of dollars, but people quickly learned that it was cheaper to let a million dollar computer make the necessary calculations than to have a hundred clerks who try to do this by hand. Scientists found that computer made fewer mistakes and could fulfil the tasks much faster than almost any number of people by usual methods. The computers became popular. As their popularity grew the number of factories that produce them also grew.
Выберите подходящее слово или словосочетание.
1. A computer is a kind of ______ (a typewriter, a table game, a counting machine)
2. We use computers to _______ (play games, solve problems, save money)
3. The text tells us about ______ (special-purpose computer, all-purpose
computer, calculators, general-purpose computers)
4. There are _____ main parts of a general-purpose computer. (many, five, ten, two)
5. The smaller the computer, the ______ it works.
(more effectively, slower, better, faster)
6. The purpose of output devices is to display _________ .
(nice pictures, diagrams, words, results of calculations)
7. Computers fulfil the tasks much ______ that people.
(cleverer, better, worse, faster)
8. Computers became very _______( large, small, popular, expensive)
Сопоставьте левую и правую колонки:
1. Printer a) is a kind of television you use for displaying data
2. A VDV b) is a thing that is used for sending data along phone lines
3. A mouse c) is something you use for printing data
4. A key- board d) is a kind of typewriter that is used for typing data
5. A modem e) is something you use for clicking on the words and symbols
Чтение
1. Прочтите тест, сделайте несколько пометок:
-информация, которую вы знаете;
-информация, противоречащая вашим идеям;
-информация, которая вас интересует;
-новая информация;
Science and technology
In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed life on our planet as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the Universe as a whole.
Today, science and technology are closely related. Many modern technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life. In turn, technology provides science with new and more accurate instruments for its investigation and research.
Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires, to alter the environment, to improve their lives. Throughout human history, men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques, to make their lives easier.
Of course, when we speak of technology today, we are looking at it in a much narrower sense. Generally, we mean industrial technology, or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines, growth of the factory system, and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society. Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology. According to one estimate, 90% of all the scientists who ever lived, were alive and active in the 1970-s. This increased scientific activity has brought new ideas, processes, and inventions in ever-growing amount.
The scientific revolution that began in the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together. Thus, Galileo, who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics, also built an improved telescope and patented a system of lifting water. However, it was not until the 19th century that technology truly was based on science and inventors began to build on the work of scientists. For example, Thomas Edison built on the early experiments of Faraday and Henry in his invention of the first practical system of electrical lighting. So too, Edison carried on his investigations until he found the carbon filament for the electric bulb in a research laboratory. This was the first true modern technological research.
In a sense, the history of science and technology is the history of all humankind.
Topical Vocabulary
science and technology
наука и техника
technology
техника, технология
- scientific and technological developments
достижения науки и техники
to drastically change life
резко изменить жизнь
a view of smb., smth.
взгляд на кого-либо, что-либо
the Universe
Вселенная
- to be closely related
быть тесно связанным
nuclear power
атомная энергия
a space flight
космический полет
application of scientific knowledge and principles
применение научных знаний и принципов
an advance in pure science
прогресс в чистой науке
to create new opportunities for smth.
создать новые возможности для чего-либо
an instrument for investigation and research
инструмент исследований
- to satisfy needs and desires
для удовлетворения нужд и потребностей
to alter the environment
изменить окружающую среду
to improve one’s life
улучшить чью-либо жизнь
throughout human history
на всем протяжении истории человечества
to invent tools, machines, materials and techniques
изобретать инструменты, машины, материалы, технологии
to make one’s life easier
облегчить чью-либо жизнь
- to look at smth. in a much narrower sense
посмотреть на что-либо в значительно более узком смысле
industrial technology
промышленная технология
development of power-driven machines
развитие паровых машин
growth of the factory system
рост фабричной системы
mass production of goods
массовое производство товаров
to create the basis for smth.
создать основу для чего-либо
an age of science and technology
век науки и техники
according to one estimate
по одной оценке
increased scientific activity
возросшая научная активность, деятельность
an invention
изобретение
- the scientific revolution
научная революция
to make a revolutionary discovery in smth.
сделать революционное открытие в какой-либо области
astronomy
астрономия
physics
физика
to patent smth.
запатентовать изобретение
to be based on science
основываться на науке
an inventor
изобретатель
to build on the work of scientists
основываться на научных работах
early experiments
зд.: более ранние эксперименты
electrical lighting
электрическое освещение
to carry on an investigation
проводить исследование
an electric bulb
электрическая лампочка
a research laboratory
исследовательская лаборатория
modern technological research
современное научно-техническое исследование
Answer the questions:
1. What does the term «industrial technology» mean?
2. What was the first true modern technological research?
3. What facts prove that the scientific revolution of the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together?
4. What role has scientific and technological development played in man’s life?
5. What does the term «technology» refer to?
Translate into English:
1. Современная техника зависит от достижений в области чистой науки.
2. За последние годы наши взгляды на жизнь на Земле, на человека как личность, на Вселенную резко изменились.
3. Научная революция, начавшаяся в XVI веке, вызвала появление новых идей, открытий и изобретений.
4. Первым действительно научно-техническим исследованием было исследование Фарадея.
5. История человеческого общества - это, в некотором смысле, история развития науки и техники.
Рефлексия
Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
Люди впервые в истории смогли купить ПК
А) 1965 год
Б) 1975 год
В) 1985 год
Говорение. Работа в группах:
Прокомментируйте следующее высказывание: появление телевиденья и компьютера скоро приведет к исчезновению книг.
III. Домашнее задание. Составьте 10 предложений, используя лексику занятия.
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