Гостеприимный узбекистан с тёплыми пожеланиями

English study teacher: KHAMZINA R

Welcome to

Uzbekistan

Geographical location

• Uzbekistan is a country of Central Asia , located north of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan . With an area of 447,000 square kilometers (approximately the size of Spain or California ), Uzbekistan stretches 1,425 kilometers from west to east and 930 kilometers from north to south. Bordering Turkmenistan to the southwest, Kazakstan to the north, and Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to the south and east, Uzbekistan is not only one of the larger Central Asian states but also the only Central Asian state to border all of the other four. Uzbekistan also shares a short border with Afghanistan to the south.

• Uzbekistan is a country of Central Asia , located north of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan . With an area of 447,000 square kilometers (approximately the size of Spain or California ), Uzbekistan stretches 1,425 kilometers from west to east and 930 kilometers from north to south. Bordering Turkmenistan to the southwest, Kazakstan to the north, and Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan to the south and east, Uzbekistan is not only one of the larger Central Asian states but also the only Central Asian state to border all of the other four. Uzbekistan also shares a short border with Afghanistan to the south.

Islom Karimov – President of the Republic Uzbekistan

The symbol of the state flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan

• goes back to the national and cultural traditions of the states, which existed in the territory of present day Uzbekistan. Blue symbolizes everlasting sky and water as main life sources. The color means kindness, chastity, glory and faithfulness. It was blue that the great Amir Temur chose for his state flag. White is the traditional symbol of peace. It represents harmony with daylight and heavenly bodies. This color symbolizes purity and high moral aspirations. Green is the color of natural revival. It is the symbol for youth, hope, and energy. The red lines of the flag symbolize life.

• The crescent moon is associated with the historical traditions of the people and can be considered the symbol of newly gained independence. There are 12 stars on the state flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The stars, associated with the traditions of the Uzbek people, are connected with the signs of the Zodiac, which served as basis for old solar calendar. The 12 stars depicted on the state flag symbolize the centuries old culture of the Uzbek people, striving for harmony and happiness.

State Symbol

• Background of the State Symbol is raising sun. In front is Khumo bird, which is called as Semurg, Davlat kushi (Bird-State) and Kultubulgan (Sunny bird) in ancient works drawn in front. Khumo - means bringing happiness, along with Nauryz holiday this bird gain honor as the symbol of Saving Power, Honor and selflessness and goes along with Uzbek people hope for peace, kindness and happiness.

• Khumo is drawn with raised wings, which embrace the Uzbekistan land with its mountains, green valleys, rivers and gardens. Below on the image of Uzbekistan Flag word UZBEKISTAN is written. From both sides of the bird wheat and cotton are drawn. It means that cotton, as well as bread, grown by people symbolizes bounty. Up on the Symbol is octahedron, that symbolizes bounty, unity and variety of the world, used from ancient times in Uzbekistan's handicrafts. A star and semi moon is inside the octahedron, as Holy symbols of Muslims.

Country facts

Total area of Uzbekistan is 447.4 km square.

Population: more than 26 million inhabitants

Uzbekistan contents of 12 regions and

Republic of Karakalpakistan.

Official Language is Uzbek

People: Uzbek (75.8%), Russian (7.0%),

Tajiks (7.8%), Kazakhs (1.1%), Karakalpak

(2%), Tatars, Korean and Kyrgyz (2%),

others (1%)

Life Expectancy: 64 years

Country facts

• Administrative device: 14 administrative units: Republic of Karakalpakstan, 12 regions (Andijan, Bukhara, Djizak, Kashkadarya, Navoiy, Namangan, Samarkand, Surhandarya, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Ferghana, Khorezm) and Tashkent city
• Executive body: President - the head of State and Government
• Highest legislative body: Oliy Majlis - Supreme Convention (National Parliament)
• Major industries: Textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas, cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain, livestock
• Major trading partners: Russia, Ukraine, Europe, CIS, Czech Republic
• National currency (from June 27,1994) — sum
• Share in total territory, %:
• agricultural lands — 59.5
• forest area — 3,1
• water basin area — 1.8
• other — 35.6

• The longest rivers, km (the length along the territory of the state)
• Amudarya — 1415
• Syrdarya (total length) — 2122
• Zeravshan — 877
• Climate
• Uzbekistan's climate is classified as continental, with hot summers and cool winters. Summer temperatures often surpass 40°C; winter temperatures average about -2°C, but may fall as low as -40°C. Most of the country also is quite arid, with average annual rainfall amounting to between 100 and 200 millimeters and occurring mostly in winter and spring. Between July and September, little precipitation falls, essentially stopping the growth of vegetation during that period.

The highest mountain in Gissar Alay range is 4688 m high

• Mountains and depressions on the south-east occupy about 20% of the country. The highest mountains are covered by snow and glaciers.
• Mountains and depressions on the south-east occupy about 20% of the country. The highest mountains are covered by snow and glaciers.
• Mountains and depressions on the south-east occupy about 20% of the country.
• The highest mountains are covered by snow and glaciers.

The Aral Sea Catastrophe

• About 40 years ago the level of the Aral Sea has dropped by 15-16 meters and the shoreline has moved away by dozens of kilometers.
• This ecological catastrophe can be compared with the Chernobyl disaster.

• The 3.5 million inhabitants of the disaster zone experience adverse health effects.
• A lot of plants and animals are rare and extinct.
• The climate has changed.

• The degradation of the Aral Sea has been called the greatest human-caused ecological disaster of all time. From 1960 to 2000 it lost 75 percent of its volume and 50 percent of its surface area. In the early 1960s the Soviets began to use the waters of the two main rivers flowing into it, the Syr-Daria and Amu-Daria to irrigate the plains of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in order to grow cotton.
• The degradation of this sea has been ruinous to the people and plant and animal life in its region. None of the twenty species of fish once found in the Aral survives in the sea's heavily polluted and highly saline water. The water become very salty and lost most of its natural plants and animal life. The low quality of water has caused many diseases. Towns that were once sea-side resorts or which relied on the fishing industry for their viability now sit in the desert, many miles from the shore line. The ships Muynac's population once used for its thriving fishing industry now sits on desiccated land full of salt and pesticides. The dust from this degraded land is carried by the wind for as far as 150 miles, which presents health hazards to populations of the region. Studies also show that with the reduction of the Aral Sea's size, the surrounding climate has changed. Summers are hotter and dryer; winters are longer, colder, and snowless. This has a significant impact on agriculture in the region; the growing season has been reduced.
• Several international organizations including the UNDP and UNEP are now helping the Government of Uzbekistan tackle the problem of the Aral Sea. The World Bank is giving over $30 million to help save the Aral Sea.

• In fact, there is a joke that if every expert who visits the Aral Sea brought a bucket of water the problem could be solved! But for the people of the area it is no laughing matter. Written in chalk on the side of a ship stuck in the sand near Muynak are the words, “Forgive us Aral. Please come back!” Whether the Aral is prepared to forgive us is still an unanswered question.

Cultural Heritage: Samarkand

• Samarkand is a 2750 year-old city.
• In 2001, the city was included into the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Thinking man

Sher-dor (part of Registan ensemble)

The historic town of Samarkand is a crossroad and melting pot of the world's cultures. Founded in the 7th century B.C. as ancient Afrasiab, Samarkand had its most significant development in the Timurid period from the 14th to the 15th centuries. The major monuments include the Registan Mosque and madrasas, Bibi-Khanum Mosque, the Shakhi-Zinda compound and the Gur-Emir ensemble, as well as Ulugh-Beg's Observatory.

Cultural Heritage: Bukhara

• Bukhara is a 2500 year-old city
• In 1993 - included into the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Kalyan minaret Samanids’ mausoleum

(IX-X cc.) The Arc

Bukhara, which is situated on the Silk Route, is more than 2,500 years old. It is the most complete example of a medieval city in Central Asia, with an urban fabric that has remained largely intact. Monuments of particular interest include the famous tomb of Ismail Samani, a masterpiece of 10th-century Muslim architecture, The Arc (inner city) and a large number of 17th-century madrasas.

Cultural Heritage: Khiva and Shakhrisyabz

• Khiva is a 3000 year-old city
• Included into the UNESCO

World Heritage List in 1990

Itchan Kala walls, Khiva

Shakhrisyabz is included

into the UNESCO World

Heritage List in 2000

Ak Sarai Palace, Shakhrisyabz

Khiva :

Itchan Kala is the inner town (protected by brick walls some 10 m high) of the old Khiva oasis, which was the last resting-place of caravans before crossing the desert to Iran. Although few very old monuments still remain, it is a coherent and well-preserved example of the Muslim architecture of Central Asia. There are several outstanding structures such as the Djuma Mosque, the mausoleums and the madrasas and the two magnificent palaces built at the beginning of the 19th century by Alla-Kulli-Khan.

Shakhrisyabz :

The historic centre of Shakhrisyabz contains a collection of exceptional monuments and ancient quarters which bear witness to the city's secular development, and particularly to the period of its apogee, under the rule of Amir Temur and the Temurids, in the 15th-16th century.

Fergana Valley

• Fergana Valley is located in the eastern part of Uzbekistan. It is the most densely populated region of Uzbekistan, with almost a third of the country's population. The primary emphasis on the production of cotton, silk and other agricultural crops has turned a large part of the valley into an oasis.

• In ancient times, the exceptional flora of the region gave the Ferghana Valley the name "Golden Valley". The Ferghana Valley is divided into three regions: Ferghana, Andijan, Namangan.

The Fergana Valley is rich in a number of natural resources, including gold, oil, copper and other raw materials. The valley's richness includes its millennia-old history and the traditions of its master craftsmen in silk, ceramics, woodcarving and a bounty of other ancient arts of humanity.

Art

• Ceramics of Fergana is very diverse in its colour and design. It is also regional in terms of shape, design and colour. The most well known centres for ceramics are Rishtan and Gurumsay situated in the Ferghana Valley and Khorezm. They are famous for their glazed white and blue ceramics. The regions producing multicolored ceramics are Gidjduvan, Shakhrisabz, Tashkent and Samarkand. Gidjduvan is the area that has always been highly regarded by experts for its exceptional ceramic art especially because of its rich colours: golden yellow, dark brown and green tones.

SPORTS IN UZBEKISTAN

Holidays and Festivals of Uzbekistan

• Independence Day is the major and the most revered holiday in Uzbekistan.
• December 8 was proclaimed as Constitution Day , a yearly national holiday.
• The calendar of the national holidays of Uzbekistan also has Commemoration Day which is celebrated on May 9 .
• March 8 is celebrated as International Women's Day in Uzbekistan.
• October 1 is celebrated as the national Teacher's Day .
• All the peoples consider spring the time of revival, renewal, great expectations and hopes. The spring holiday Navruz is the incarnation of all this. The holiday is celebrated on March 21 .
• New Year's Eve and New Year's Day are also celebrated by Uzbek people with great enthusiasm.
• One of the most significant Muslim holidays is Kurban-Khait .
• Ramazan-Khait is a holiday of moral purification and spiritual revival. This holiday comes after 30-day fast.
• The international musical festival "Shark Taronalari" has become very popular and prestigious.

HOW WE CELEBRATE THE HOLIDAYS

Sumalak – spring food

Uzbek national cuisine

Uzbek national dress

Atlas is very ancient national beautiful cloth. It is made of silk. Margilan is famous for its Atlas .

Uzbekistan Quiz

1. Uzbekistan and California are at the same latitude. Uzbekistan gets sunshine...

• ...more than California.
• ...less than California.
• ... as much as California.

The answer

a) Uzbekistan gets sunshine more than California.

• In average there are 4460 hours of sunshine a year and this is why Uzbekistan is called a sunshine country. Tashkent gets so much energy from sun per year as it needed to burn 37,000 tons of coal.

2. Is it cold in winter in Uzbekistan?

• It’s never cold in winter and it doesn’t snow.

• It sometimes snows but it isn’t cold.

• Sometimes it’s very cold. The temperature can drop to -32 C (-25F).

The answer

c) Sometimes it’s very cold.

• The climate in Uzbekistan is very dry and sharp continental, not subtropical, because Uzbekistan is very far from any ocean or a sea. In winter a body of cold arctic air from Siberia comes from the north and reaches the southern borders of the country. Though the beastly cold doesn’t stay long, it badly damages fruit trees.

3. This is the flag of...

• the USA.
• Uzbekistan.
• Japan.

4. The Amudarya River, the most important river in Uzbekistan, has the water volume as big as...

• a) the Dnieper.
• b) the Nile.
• c) the Amazon.

The answer

b) the Nile.

• Amudarya River, the biggest river in Uzbekistan, has the water volume as big as the Nile and has 1,2 times as much water as the Dnieper. It is one of the most clayey and freakiest rivers in the world.

5. This person is...

• a) Nelson Mandela.
• b) Barack Obama.
• c) Islom Karimov.

6. Big Chimgan mountain near Tashkent is 3309 m high. The Rocky Mountains are...

• a) higher than Big Chimgan.
• b) as high as Big Chimgan.
• c) lower than Big Chimgan.

The answer

• a) The Rocky Mountains are higher than

Big Chimgan .

Because the Rocky Mountains are more than 4000m high.

7. The longest river in Uzbekistan Syrdarya is...

• a) longer than the Mississippi river.
• b) shorter than the Mississippi river.
• c) as long as the Mississippi river.

The answer

• b) It’s shorter than the Mississippi river.

The Syrdarya river is 3,019 km.

The Mississippi river is 3,780 km.

8. The population of Uzbekistan is...

• a) as big as in Norway.
• b) as big as in Mongolia.
• c) bigger that in Norway or in Mongolia.

The answer

• c) bigger that in Norway or in Mongolia.

The population of Uzbekistan (26,4 million) is three times as big as in Norway and 13 times as big as in Mongolia.

9. The Independence Day in Uzbekistan is...

• a) September 1 .
• b) July 4 .
• c) March 21 .

The answer

• a) September 1.

On 21 March people in Uzbekistan and in Central Asia celebrate Navruz holiday, the eastern New Year . Navruz symbolizes rebirth and awakening of nature. It also means love, respect and charity.

Wild animals in Uzbekistan

10. Read the names of ten animals. In Uzbekistan live... a) all of them. b) all but one. c) two or more animals don’t live in Uzbekistan.

1) deer 6) hares

2) wolves 7) bears

3) foxes 8) mountain sheep

4) porcupines 9) snow leopards

5) hyenas 10) tigers

The answer

• b) all but one: tigers.

In Uzbekistan there are nine functioning nature reserves. Some of them are included in the UNESCO global net of biosphere reserves.

They embrace as diverse types of the environment as deserts with their sand-dunes, blossoming oases, riverside tugai woods and alpine meadows.

ENGLISH-UZBEK VOCABULARY

• - How do you do! 
• - Good morning!
• - Good afternoon!
• - Good evening!
• - Good night!
• - Good-bye!
• - It is all right!
• - I am very glad!
• - I am very sorry! Excuse me!
• - Please!
• - Thank you!
• - Yes.
• - No, sir.
• - Do you understand me?
• - Do you speak English?
• - What is your name?
• - My name is ...
• - How old are you?
• - I am ...

• Assalomu alaykum!
• Hayrli tong!
• Hayrli kun!
• Hayrli kech! 
• Hayrli tun! 
• Hayir!
• Hech narsa kilmaydi; arzimaydi;
• Men juda ham hursandman!
• Meni kechrasiz.
• Marhamat!
• Rahmat!
• Hop; ha.
• Yoq, janob.
• Meni tushunyapsizmi?
• Inglizcha gapirasizimi?
• Ismingiz nima?
• Ismim ...
• Yoshingiz nechada?
• ... yoshdaman

Thank you for YOUR attention!

WELCOME TO UZBEKISTAN!