Raymond Murphy, Gramar in use, blue book. Unit 32. Must, mustn't, needn't

must, mustn’t, needn’t

1. You must do something = it is necessary that you do it .

must, mustn’t, needn’t

ПРИМЕР:

• Don’t tell anybody what I said. You must keep it a secret.
• We haven’t got much time. We must hurry.

must, mustn’t, needn’t

2. You mustn’t do something = it is necessary that you do not do it (so don’t do it) .

must, mustn’t, needn’t

ПРИМЕР:

• You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anybody else. (=don’t tell anybody else)
• We must be very quiet. We mustn’t make any noise.

must, mustn’t, needn’t

3. You needn’t do something = you don’t need to do it (but you can if you like / want) .

must, mustn’t, needn’t

ПРИМЕР:

• You can come with me if you like, but you needn’t come if you don’t want to. (it is not necessary for you to come)

must, mustn’t, needn’t

ПРИМЕР:

• We’ve got plenty of time. We needn’t hurry. (=it is not necessary to hurry)

must, mustn’t, needn’t

4. Instead of needn’t , you can use don’t / doesn’t need to .

!!! Remember that we say don’t need to do , but needn’t do ( without to )

must, mustn’t, needn’t

ПРИМЕР:

• We needn’t hurry. = We don’t need to hurry.

must, mustn’t, needn’t

4. Needn’t have (done)

ПРИМЕР:

Paul had to go out. He thought it was going to rain, so he took the umbrella.

But it didn’t rain, so the umbrella was not necessary. So he needn’t have taken it.

He needn’t have taken the umbrella = He took the umbrella, but this was not necessary.

must, mustn’t, needn’t

СРАВНИТЕ:

Everything will be OK. You needn’t worry . (it is not necessary)

Everything was OK. You needn’t have worried . (you worried, but it was not necessary)

must, mustn’t, needn’t

5. didn’t need to (do) and needn’t have (done)

I didn’t need to … = it was not necessary for me to … (and I knew this at the time):

• I didn’t need to get up early, so I didn’t.
• I didn’t need to get up early, but it was a lovely morning, so I did.

В данных примерах можно didn’t need to заменить на didn’t have to.

must, mustn’t, needn’t

5. didn’t need to (do) and needn’t have (done)

I needn’t have done something = I did it, but now I know that it was not necessary:

• I got up early because I had to get ready to go away. But in fact it didn’t take me long to get ready. So, I needn’t have got up so early. I could have stayed in bed longer.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences using needn’t + the following verbs:

ask / come / explain / leave / tell / walk

1. We’ve got plenty of time. We …… yet.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences using needn’t + the following verbs:

ask / come / explain / leave / tell / walk

2. I can manage the shopping alone. You …… with me.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences using needn’t + the following verbs:

ask / come / explain / leave / tell / walk

3. We …… all the way home. We can get a taxi.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences using needn’t + the following verbs:

ask / come / explain / leave / tell / walk

4. Just help yourself if you’d like more to eat. You …… first.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences using needn’t + the following verbs:

ask / come / explain / leave / tell / walk

5. We can keep this a secret between ourselves. We …… anybody else.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences using needn’t + the following verbs:

ask / come / explain / leave / tell / walk

6. I understand the situation perfectly. You …… further.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences with must , mustn’t or needn’t .

1. We haven’t got much time. We …… hurry.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences with must , mustn’t or needn’t .

2. We’ve got plenty of time. We …… hurry.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences with must , mustn’t or needn’t .

3. We have enough food at home, so we …… go shopping today.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences with must , mustn’t or needn’t .

4. Gary gave me a letter to post. I …… remember to post it.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences with must , mustn’t or needn’t .

5. Gary gave me a letter to post. I …… forget to post it.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences with must , mustn’t or needn’t .

6. There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You …… decide now.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences with must , mustn’t or needn’t .

7. You …… wash those tomatoes. They’ve already been washed.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences with must , mustn’t or needn’t .

8. This is a valuable book. You …… look after it carefully and you …… lose it.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Complete the sentences with must , mustn’t or needn’t .

9.

• What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?
• Well, it …… be big – that’s not so important. But it …… have a nice garden – that’s essential.

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Read the situations and make sentences with needn’t have .

1. Paul went out. He took an umbrella because he thought it was going to rain. But it didn’t rain.

He ………………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Read the situations and make sentences with needn’t have .

2. Linda bought some eggs when she went shopping. When she got home, she found that she already had plenty of eggs.

She ………………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Read the situations and make sentences with needn’t have .

3. A colleague got angry with you at work. He shouted at you, which you think was unnecessary. Later you say to him:

You ……………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Read the situations and make sentences with needn’t have .

4. Brian had money problems, so he sold his car. A few days later he won some money in a lottery.

He ……………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Read the situations and make sentences with needn’t have .

5. We took a camcorder with us on holiday, but we didn’t use it in the end.

We ……………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Read the situations and make sentences with needn’t have .

6. I thought I was going to miss my train, so I rushed to the station. But the train was late and in the end I had to wait twenty minutes.

I ……………………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Make two sentences for each situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second.

1. Why did you rush? Why didn’t you take your time?

• ……………………………
• ……………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Make two sentences for each situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second.

2. Why did you walk home? Why didn’t you take a taxi?

• ……………………………
• ……………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Make two sentences for each situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second.

3. Why did you stay at a hotel? Why didn’t you stay with us?

• ……………………………
• ……………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Make two sentences for each situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second.

4. Why did she phone me in the middle of the night? Why didn’t she wait until the morning?

• ……………………………
• ……………………………

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

Make two sentences for each situation. Use needn’t have in the first sentence and could have in the second.

5. Why did you leave without saying anything? Why didn’t you say goodbye?

• ……………………………
• ……………………………