A Gasoline Engine

A GASOLINE ENGINE

Exercise 1. Read and memorize the new words.

Словарь урока:

gasoline engine - бензиновый двигатель

internal combustion engine (ICE) – двигатель внутреннего сгорания (ДВС)

piston – поршень

backbone – основа

magnesium alloy – магниевый справ

inject – впрыскивать

spark plug – свеча зажигания

ignite – воспламенять

crankshaft – коленчатый вал

combustion – сгорание

expansion – расширение

camshaft – распределительный вал

timing – синхронизация

exhaust – выхлоп, выпуск

fuel injector – топливная форсунка

atomize - распылять

belt – ремень

flywheel - маховик

clutch – сцепление

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

A gasoline engine is a type of heat engine, specifically an internal combustion, that is powered by gasoline. These engines are the most common ways of making motor vehicles move. While turbines can be powered by gasoline, a gasoline engine refers specifically to piston-driven gasoline engines.

Gasoline engines are a lot of the reason why the world takes so much oil out of the ground to refine into petroleum products like gasoline. Worldwide, transportation is roughly 18% of our primary energy use and gasoline is a little less than half of that. This means that gasoline engines use roughly 8% of the total primary energy of the world.

Anatomy of an engine

Block. The block is the backbone of the engine. It is a large block of metal, usually aluminum or steel (Formula 1 uses a magnesium alloy), with holes cut into it for the cylinders.

Cylinders. The cylinders of an engine are where the work is done. Fuel is injected into the cylinders, where it is ignited by the spark plugs, which moves the pistons, doing work.

Piston. Pistons are devices that slide up and down inside the cylinders. Their job is to slide in and out, connected to the crankshaft, in order to turn the combusting gasoline into work.

Spark plugs. The job of a spark plug is to ignite the fuel inside the cylinder. The rapid expansion of the fuel, due to the heat created, does work on the piston, moving it away from the spark plug.

Camshaft. A camshaft is a device that manages the timing of the engine. A camshaft's job is to regulate when fuel is let into the engine, and when exhaust is let out.

Injectors. The purpose of a fuel injector is to atomize the fuel. This means to turn the liquid fuel into a mist, which drastically increases its surface area. This allows the fuel to combust more quickly, giving greater impulse to the piston.

Crankshaft. The crankshaft is the glue that connects the parts of the engine. Its purpose is to turn the linear (линейное) (up and down) motion of the pistons into rotational (вращательное) motion. One end of the crankshaft is attached to the camshaft, via a timing belt. The other end is connected to the flywheel, which regulates the power coming out of the engine.

Flywheel. The flywheel is a power management device for the engine. It is connected to the clutch, which is connected to the transmission.

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the words from the frame. Translate the sentences.

1. A gasoline engine is a type of heat engine powered by … .

2. The block is the … of the engine.

3. Fuel is injected into the … where it is ignited by the … .

4. … are devises that slide up and down inside the cylinders.

5. The job of a spark plug is to … the fuel inside the cylinder.

6. Fuel injectors … the fuel, and this allows the fuel to … more quickly.

7. One end of the crankshaft is attached to the … , via a timing belt. The other end is connected to the … .

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:

1. What type of engine is a gasoline engine?

2. What is the backbone of the engine?

3. What ignites the fuel injected into the cylinders?

4. What is the job of the pistons?

5. What is the function of the camshaft?

6. What is the purpose of a fuel injector?

7. What is the liquid fuel turned into for quick combustion?

8. By means of what are the parts of the engine connected?

9. What is the purpose of the crankshaft?

10. What does the flywheel do? What is it connected to?

Источник: https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Gasoline_engine