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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein

The author: Forofontova Maria,11 th form

Albert Einstein ( 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist .

Parents and School Years

His parents were Hermann Einstein , a salesman and engineer, and Pauline Koch.

In 1880 at the age of 8,

Albert entered

the Luitpold Gymnasium ,

where he received

advanced primary

and secondary school

education.

School Education

In 1894, his father's company failed. In search of business, the Einstein family moved to Italy, first to Milan and then, a few months later, to Pavia . Einstein stayed in Munich to finish his studies at the Luitpold Gymnasium. His father intended for him to pursue electrical engineering , but Einstein didn’t like it.

School Education

In 1895 , at the age of 16, Einstein sat the

entrance examinations for

the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zürich .

He failed in

the general part of the

examination, but obtained

exceptional grades in

physics and mathematics. Later

he attended the Argovian cantonal

school in Aarau , Switzerland,

in 1895–96 he completed

his secondary schooling.

Higher Education

In September 1896 , he passed the Swiss Matura with mostly good grades, including a top grade of 6 in physics and mathematical subjects, on a scale of 1–6. Though only 17 ,

he enrolled in the four-year

mathematics

and physics teaching

diploma programme

at the Zürich Polytechnic.

Family life

Einstein's future wife, Mileva Marić , also enrolled at the Polytechnic that same year. She was the only woman among the six students in the mathematics and physics section of the teaching diploma course. They have two sons: Hans Albert Einstein , and Eduard . They divorced on 14 February 1919.

The Second Wife

Einstein married Elsa Löwenthal on 2 June 1919 , after having had a relationship with her since 1912. She was a first cousin maternally and a second cousin paternally. In 1933 , they emigrated to the United States.

Career

On 30 April 1905 , Einstein completed his thesis, with Alfred Kleiner , Professor of Experimental Physics, serving as pro-forma advisor. As a result, Einstein was awarded a PhD by the University of Zürich , with his dissertation entitled, " A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions ."

Career And Titels

By 1908 , he was recognized as a leading scientist and was appointed lecturer at the University of Bern . The following year, Alfred Kleiner recommended him to the faculty for a newly created professorship in theoretical physics. Einstein was appointed associate professor in 1909.

Back to Germany.

In 1914 , he returned to the German Empire. He soon became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences , and in 1916 was appointed president of the German Physical Society (1916–1918).

Awards

In 1920 , he became Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences . In 1921 , Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics .

Emigration

In February 1933 while on a visit to the United States, Einstein knew he could not return to Germany because of the Nazis Adolf Hitler In October 1933 Einstein returned to the U.S. and took up a position at the Institute for Advanced Study (in Princeton, New Jersey ).

His Hobbies.

Music took on a pivotal and permanent role in Einstein's life from that period on. Although the idea of becoming a professional himself was not on his mind at any time.

Death

He died in Princeton Hospital early the next morning at the age of 76 , having continued to work until near the end.

Results of His Work

Einstein's work is also known for its influence

on the philosophy of science

. Einstein is best known in popular

culture for his mass–energy equivalence

formula E = mc 2

(which has been dubbed

" the world's most famous equation ").

Results of His Work

He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "services to theoretical physics", in particular his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect , a pivotal step in the evolution of quantum theory .