Алгоритм лингвистического анализа английского текста

Алгоритм лингвистического анализа английского текста

The stages of the analysis

1. The information concerning the author should be very laconic.

2. Time described in the text; Theme of the text.

3. Speaking about the stylistic colouring of the text under discussion the student should say the following:

• “The story (the passage) is written in belles-lettres(художественный) style, newspaper, publicist (публицистический) scientific prose (научный) style. The belles-lettres style has sub styles: poetry, emotive prose, drama; the publicist sub styles are: oratory, essays, feature articles in papers and journals; newspaper sub styles are: brief news items and communiqués, newspaper headings, notices and advertisements; scientific prose sub styles are: humanities, science and popular scientific prose; official documents sub styles are: diplomatic, business, legal, military documents

• The language used here is epic, belles-lettres, publicist literature, newspaper, scientific prose, poetical, matter-of-fact, emotive prose, drama, language of documents, language of essays, prose fiction, humorous, satirical, elevated, exclamatory, and so on.”

1. Speaking about the form of narration the student should say: “The passage is wholly narrative, wholly dialogue (with numerous stage remarks), mostly a dialogue and partially narrative”, etc.

Here it is important to discriminate between the author( the person who wrote the story or novel) and the narrator ( the person or voice telling the story). The author may select a first-person narrative, when one of the characters tells things that only he/she saw and felt. In a third-person narrative the omniscient author may move in and out of people’s thoughts and comment freely on what the characters think, say and do.

1. The student should also speak about the genre of the literary work (a novel, a short story, a fairy tale, an essay, an article, a poem, a drama, etc.)

2. Then the student should do the following:

• Divide the text into sense (logical) parts

• Find in each sense part topic sentences (i.e. the most significant sentences, one or two, that reveal and convey the sense of the passage)

• Connect the topic sentences by giving a brief retelling or summary.

1. Introduce the main characters. Speak about the author’s attitude and your own attitude to the characters and phenomena described. Remember these attitudes may coincide or deviate from each other.

2. Analyse the heading (title) of the text.

3. Speak about the conflicts in the text (external / internal).

4. Formulate the main idea of the text. Does the title of the story indicate anything about the general idea?

5. In speaking of stylistic devices the student should say something on their stylistic function, i.e. the aim of their use, what the author achieves through them. All the stylistic devices should are usually divided into three groups:

• Phono-graphical devices: alliteration, assonance, rhyme, rhythm, onomatopoea (sound imitation, icons), graphon

• Lexical devices: metaphor, personification, metonymy (synecdoche), epithet, irony, oxymoron, zeugma, pun, antonomasia, simile, periphrasis, euphemism, hyperbole (exaggeration), litotes (understatement)

• Syntactical devices: ellipsis, inversion, detachment, parallel construction, chiasmus, repetition,(anaphora, anadiplosis, epithora, catch repetition), framing, morphological repletion, pleonasm,(tautology), suspense, climax, anticlimax, rhetorical question, apokoinu construction, litotes, represented (reported) speech, anacoluthon

1. Characterising the vocabulary of the text the student can say the following: “The text abounds in: the colloquial words, slang, jargonisms, dialectal words, vulgarisms, or the text abounds in literary words, common literary words, terms, learned words, poetic words, archaic words, barbarisms and foreign words.

2. As for the syntax the student should characterize it according to the length and structure of sentences. In the text short, long, or composite sentences may prevail.

3. What is the message of the text?

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