Большой Арктический заповедник, его флора и фауна.

Great Arctic Reserve. Its flora and fauna.

Prepared: Saenko Venus 11 class.

The territory of the reserve is a land plot that has features that distinguish it from the usual ideas about a land plot as a "single massif". At the same time, these features - a large area, a multi-contour configuration, a composite, two-level cluster nature (that is, qualitative, taking into account the heterogeneity and diversity of lands) - are inherent in the territories of state nature reserves.

The reserve "Big Arctic" consists of 7 cluster sites:

Dixon-Sibiryakovsky

"Islands of the Kara Sea"

Pyasinsky

Gulf of Middendorf

The Nordenshold Archipelago

"Lower Taimyr"

"Chelyuskin Peninsula"

The main territory of the reserve refers to the subzone of the Arctic tundra, and the northernmost areas to the Arctic desert zone. Common permafrost. The power of the permafrost is 500-700 m in the valleys and 200-300 m in the interfluves, in the West Taimyr heights - 700-900 m and 300-500 m respectively. Temperatures of the frozen thickness range from -7 to -9 ° C, in the mountains From -11 to -13 ° C. Snow usually covers the tundra in late August - early September, but a steady snow cover is created in the middle-end of September. The snowless period is the longest on Dixon (103-110 days), the longest snow lies on Cape Chelyuskin (300 days). A complete snowfall usually occurs in late June - early July. In winter winds of southern rumba (south, south-west and south-east) prevail, in the summer - north-western, northern and northeast.

Flora

Of the representatives of higher plants, 162 species belonging to 28 families were recorded in the reserve. According to the number of species, cereals (28 species), cabbage (19 species), clove (16), stone-fir (15) and sedge (13 species) are distinguished.

Among the flowering plants, a brightly blossoming species stands out - the pillow-like poppy.

Among the mosses, 15 species of hepatic and 74 species of leafy mosses were identified, in total 89 species.

Ambly-stigmaceous mosses are distinguished - different kinds of trefoil, kallergone and the like, in total 18 species.

There are 15 species of fungi - most of them are lamellar (agaric)

Among them - a rare white fox

Fauna

Here live 124 species of birds, of which 55 species authentically nest in its territory

On the territory of the reserve there are also 18 species of mammals, of which four species are marine animals, fish - 29 species

There are a lot of large mammals in the reserve: the polar bear, the wild reindeer (the largest in the world flock in the Taimyr), the musk ox.

Common foxes, wolverines, ermines, lemmings.

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