Брошюра по теме "Scientific and technical progress. Part 2"

State professional educational institution

«Vorkuta polytechnical school»

Working vocabulary

(part 2)

Scientific and technical progress

Read the words and try to remember the translation

Vocabulary:

1. to advance – делать успехи, развиваться

advanced – передовой

2. to affect – воздействовать, влиять syn. to influence

3. condition – условие, состояние

4. to conduct – руководить syn. to lead, to direct

5. to control [kən’troul] – управлять, контролировать

6. to develop – развивать, разрабатывать

7. effort [‘efət] – усилие

8. to explore – исследовать exploration – исследование

9. institution – учреждение

10. to join – соединять(ся) joint – соединенный, общий, совместный

11. to launch [‘lɔ:ntʃ] – запускать(спутник), пускать в ход

12. nucleus [‘nju:kliəs] – ядро nuclei [‘nju:kliai] – ядра

nuclear [‘nju:kliə] – ядерный

13. particle – частица

14. purpose [‘pə:pəs] – цель syn. aim, objective, goal

15. power – энергия, сила, мощность

16. promising – перспективный, многообещающий

17. to require [ri’kwaiə] – требовать

requirement – требование

18. space – пространство, место, космос

19. speed – скорость to speed up – ускорять

syn. to accelerate

20. technology – техника, технология syn. engineering

Task 1. Подберите из списка В английские эквиваленты к словам из списка А.

А. наука, эпоха, открытие, изобретение, утверждение, достижение, исследование, вклад, цель, оборудование, эффективность, значение.

В. achievement, discovery, investigation, importance, purpose, epoch, contribution, science, invention, efficiency, facilities, statement.

Task 2. Сгруппируйте слова из списков А и В в синонимичные пары и переведите их.

A. technology, to create, energy, astronaut, space, satellite, research, technique, facilities.

B. exploration, cosmos, method, sputnik, apparatus, to make, cosmonaut, power, engineering.

Task 3. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на значения подчёркнутых слов.

1. Many scientific discoveries have been made in the 20-th century.

Man made nuclear energy work for him.

2. In our country cosmonautics began to develop in the 1960s.

A well-known physicist Igor Kurchatov developed the theory of elementary particles.

3. Russian scientists made a great contribution to the world science and

technology.

Lazer technology was developed on the basis of quantum electronics.

4. There are many open spaces on our planet. We can see astronauts working in space on the screens of our TV sets.

5. The first Soviet satellite called Sputnik-1 was launched in 1957.

The Joint Institute of Nuclear Research at Dubna has created and launched a high-energy accelerator.

6. We study at a technical university.

At present computer science is studied at all technical educational

institutions.

7. The Coordinated Science Centre is a multinational organization supported by the governments of several countries.

That is why it has all the facilities for successful research work.

The laboratories of the Coordinated Science Centre carry on investigations on the basis of advanced facilities.

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ И ИХ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТЫ

Task 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимания на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1. Nuclear energy should be used for peaceful purposes.

2. Computer can work at a high speed.

3. Thermonuclear power stations may be launched by the end of the 20-th century.

4. Automation is to contribute to high production efficiency.

5. Computer science must help to realize space programmes.

6. Scientists could develop laser technology.

7. Man was able to land on the Moon in 1969.

8. Dubna might be called a town of international friendship.

9. Researchers of the 21-st century will have to solve scientific problems together.

10. Physicists from foreign countries are allowed to work at the Institute of Nuclear Research at Dubna.

Task 5. Замените русский глагол одним из предлагаемых английских вариантов и переведите предложения.

1. The development of new sources of power (может) be difficult for a single country (can, may, must).

2. Space exploration programmes (должны) be realized jointly by scientists from different countries (should, are able to, are allowed to).

3. Scientists of higher technical schools (могут) cooperate with the Coordinated Science Centre (are allowed to, have to, are to).

4. The staff of the Coordinated Science Centre (может) handle the most complex equipment (should, has to, is able to).

5. Once a year the Coordinated Science Centre (должен) hold conferences and seminars on the problems of modern science (should, has to, is to).

Task 6. Прочитайте и переведите текст

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

PROGRESS IN MODERN SOCIETY

We live in a world created by science. Our epoch is an epoch of scientific and technological revolution when new ideas are being born and new discoveries and inventions are being made. To illustrate this statement one may mention the telephone, the radio, the television, the automobile, the airplane and the like. Man has created complex cybernetic machines and made nuclear energy work for him. He has developed modern automatic production lines, laser technology and all kinds of computers. The list of major scientific achievements could be continued.

At the beginning of the 20-th century we could hardly believe that we should be able to sit at home and watch astronauts working in space. Twelve years separated the launching of the “Sputnik-1” Soviet satellite in 1957 and man’s first landing on the Moon in 1969. The first long-term “Salyut” orbital station launched in 1971 opened a new era in space research. Some automatic interplanetary stations have reached Mars and Venus and have explored the planets’ physical conditions. In 1981 we could witness the launching of a typically new cosmic vehicle – the Shuttle. Scientific achievements in space research gave the possibility of conducting investigations in the fields of astrophysics, medicine, biology, geology and some others.

One of the major problems of modern physics is the study of the atomic nucleus and elementary particles. A well-known Russian scientist Igor Kurchatov made a great contribution to the theory of elementary particles and to the experimental techniques which made it possible to use nuclear energy for practical purposes. Modern nuclear research requires complex and costly apparatus including powerful accelerator facilities. The Joint Institute of Nuclear Research at Dubna has created and launched a high-energy accelerator – protonsynchrotron¹. The scientists of Dubna are conducting intensive research into the problem of controlled thermonuclear reactions which could provide mankind with an inexhaustible source of energy. World science has already heard of the “TOKAMAK” nuclear installation which is to provide the basis for the first thermonuclear power stations by the end of the 20-th century.

The most important role for modern technology is played by automation. Automation should contribute to high production efficiency. Advanced automation is based on computers. At present computer science is the most promising one. Computers are able to help space programmes, armed forces, business and industry, sports and medicine. As computers work accurately and at high speeds they save years of research workers’ hard work. Automation and computer science are of great social importance.

¹ protonsynchrotron – синхрофазатрон

Task 7. Найдите в тексте интернациональные слова.

Task 8. Найдите в тексте слова, однокоренные данным, и переведите.

technology, automation, to produce, science, to achieve, to launch, orbit, planet, physics, to investigate, atom, nucleus, element, part, experiment, power, to accelerate, to install, efficient, important.

Task 9. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих выражений:

научно-техническая революция, кибернетические машины, ядер-ная энергия, поточная линия, лазерная технология, научные достижения, орбитальная станция, исследование космоса, меж-планетные станции, физические условия, космический корабль, атомное ядро, элементарные частицы, экспериментальные методы, ядерное исследование, термоядерная реакция, источник энергии, ядерная установка, термоядерная электростанция, современная техника, производственная эффективность, высокая автоматизация, вычислительная техника, научные работники.