Материалы для урока-презентации "Космические исследования"

English Words

Transcription

Mars

[ma:z ]

Earth

Translation

Марс

[ з : θ ]

Mercury

[ ´ m з :kj ərɪ ]

Venus

Земля

Меркурий

[ ´vi:n əs ]

Uranus

Neptune

[ ´j ʊə r ənəs ]

Венера

Уран

[ ´ neptju:n]

Saturn

Нептун

[ ´s ætə n]

Jupiter

Сатурн

[ ´ ʤu:pitə ]

Solar system

Юпитер

[ ´s əʊlə s ɪstəm ]

Солнечная система

A galaxy is a massive system consisting of stars, an interstellar medium of gas and dust, and dark matter.Typical galaxies range from dwarfs with as few as ten million stars up to giants with one trillion stars. Galaxies can also contain many multiple star systems, star clusters, and various interstellar clouds.

Saturn

Uranus

Jupiter

Neptune

Mars

Comet

Earth

Venus

Mercury

The Solar System consists of the Sun and the other celestial objects: the eight planets, three dwarf planets, and billions of small bodies: asteroids, comets, meteoroids, and interplanetary dust.

• [ma:z ]
• [ ´s ætə n]
• [ ´ ʤu:pitə ]
• [ ´ m з :kj ərɪ ]
• [mu:n ]
• [ ´ neptju:n]
• [ ´s əʊlə s ɪstəm ]
• [ ´k ɒ zm ənɔ:t ]
• [ з : θ ]
• [ ´r ɒkət ]

A

S

T

R

O

N

O

M

E

R

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. The Earth, other planets, asteroids, meteoroids, comets and dust orbit the Sun. Energy from the Sun supports almost all life on Earth.

The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Its diameter is 12,760 km. Means distance from the Sun is 150 millions of kilometers. The only natural satellite is the Moon.

The Moon is the Earth's only natural satellite, and the fifth largest moon in the Solar System. The Moon makes a complete orbit around the Earth every 27.3 days.

The space age began on October 4, 1957 . On that day, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics launched Sputnik 1 , the first artificial satellite to circle the Earth. Its capsule weighing 83.6 kg went into Earth orbit carrying a radio transmitter whose “bleeps” (pips) were received on the ground.

Laika , a dog, was the first animal in space. She left Earth on 3 November 1957, in a capsule on board Sputnik 2 . It contained an air supply, food and water, together with instruments for recording her heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure.

Data were transmitted back to scientists on Earth.

Belka and Strelka spent a day in space aboard Korabl-Sputnik-2 (Sputnik 5) on August 19, 1960 before safely returning to Earth. They were accompanied by a grey rabbit , 42 mice , 2 rats, flies and a number of plants and fungi. All passengers survived. They were the first Earth-born creatures to go into orbit and return alive.

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin , a Soviet air force pilot, was the first human to travel in space. The Soviet cosmonaut circled the Earth on April 12, 1961. From blastoff to landing, his trip around the Earth lasted 1hour and 48 minutes. The news about space flight of the Soviet cosmonaut immediately flew over the world.

Valentina Tershkova was the first woman-cosmonaut in the world. From June 16 until June 19, during a group flight with V.Bykovsky, the spaceship “Vostok-6”piloted by Tereshkova made in 70 hours and 41 minutes 48 circuits around the Earth, covering a distance of about 2 million kilometers.

The first manned moon landing on the Moon was the United States' Apollo 11 mission with Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin .

Armstrong landed the lunar module ‘Eagle’ on the surface of the Moon at 4:17:42 p.m. July 20, 1969. He described walking on the Moon as ‘one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind’.

The Apollo-Soyuz Test Project was the first joint flight of the U.S. and Soviet space programs. The mission took place in July 1975 . For the United States of America, it was the last Apollo flight, as well as the last manned space launch until the flight of the first Space Shuttle in April 1981.

The Soviet space station Mir was launched in 1986. It was designed to stay in orbit for long periods for scientific experiments to be carried out on board.

was the founder of astronautics in Russia, put forward several ideas about space travel.

Tsiolkovsky’s idea of spaceship was based on the use of liquid fuels. His calculations were used in modern theory of cosmonautics and practical space travel.

is a famous scientist and founder of practical cosmonautics.

He was the chief constructor of the first Earth sputniks and spaceships.

Then followed rockets to the Moon, Mars, Venus.

Match the dates and achievements in the exploration of space:

1969 1986 1962 1971 1957 1963 1975 1986 1961

1).USSR launches first satellite, Sputnik 1.

2).Yuri Gagarin (USSR) is the first man in space.

3).USA launches first communications satellite.

4).Valentina Tereshkova (USSR) is the first woman cosmonaut.

5).Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin (USA) land on the Moon.

6).USSR sends two probes to Mars.

7).USA and USSR cooperate in space; Apollo and Soyuz craft dock (link) in orbit.

8).Pioneer spacecraft (USA) leaves solar system.

9).The Soviet space station Mir is launched into space.

True or False:

• Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky – the founder of astronautics in Great Britain, put forward several ideas about space travel.
• Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov was the chief constructor of the first telephone.
• On October 4, 1967 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to circle the earth.
• Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin, a Soviet air force pilot, was the first human to travel to Mars.
• Valentina Tershkova was the first woman-cosmonaut in the world.
• Alexei Leonov went outside wearing a space suit connected to the capsule by a line which also carried his oxygen supply, becoming the first person to “walk” in space.

Complete the sentences using the verbs from the table:

competed, provided, explored, orbited, launched

• On that day, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ______Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to circle the Earth.
• As a result, the Soviet Union and the United States______ with one another in developing their space programs.
• Weather forecasts ______ warning of storms with pictures taken by weather satellites.
• For about two hours Armsrong and Aldrin______ the Moon near the module and set up experiments.
• The first manned space flight was made on April 12, 1961, when a Soviet cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, ______ the Earth in a spaceship.