Практические занятия 44-46. Времена года. Безличные предложения. Употребление местоимения it.

Практические занятия

Практические занятия № 44 - 46. Времена года. Безличные предложения употребление it. Изучение лексико – грамматического материала по теме. Аудирование. (4 часа)

Цель: научиться рассказывать о временах года и употреблять безличные предложения.

Результат обучения: грамотное употребление лексики и грамматики по теме.

Теоретический материал

1) Употребление it. Если логическим подлежащим предложения является синтаксический оборот или придаточное предложение, то, как правило, вместо него вводится формальное ("пустое") подлежащее it, а логическое подлежащее перемещается в конец предложения.

а) Формальное подлежащее it может употребляться, если логическим подлежащим является придаточное предложение (особенно если это придаточное является достаточно распространенным). It was quite clear that the career of this gentleman had been far from immaculate. — Было понятно, что карьера этого джентльмена далеко не безукоризненна. (более естественно, чем That the career of this gentleman had been far from immaculate was quite clear) .

б) Формальное подлежащее it обыкновенно вводится, если логическим подлежащим является инфинитивный оборот. В частности, it часто используется в инфинитивных оборотах, вводимых предлогом for . It is difficult to imagine worse English. — Трудно представить себе худший английский. It was difficult for them to talk and so they for the most part kept silent. — Им было трудно разговаривать, поэтому большую часть времени они молчали.

в) Формальное подлежащее может вводиться при логическом подлежащем, выраженном герундиальным оборотом. Такие конструкции характерны для разговорного языка. It was nice seeing you. — Приятно было тебя видеть. It surprised me your not remembering my name. — Меня удивило, что ты не помнишь моего имени.

Практические задания

Задание №1

Текст задания: прослушайте и прочтите текст

There are four seasons of the year: winter, spring, summer, and autumn. Each of the seasons has its importance for nature and we should admit any weather as something to enjoy. I am going to tell about all four seasons and give the description of the weather typical for each season.

Winter is the coldest season of the year and December, January, and February are the winter months. In winter, the days become shorter and the nights become longer until winter solstice, which usually happens on December 22. After that, the days gradually get longer minute-by-minute. Days maybe be very gloomy with snowstorms and even blizzards at times. It can be very cold and unpleasant in winter with temperatures going below -20C. At the same time, winter is a wonderful season too. Many poets have sung winter in their works, for example the beautiful poem by Alexander Pushkin about frost and the Sun. The gently falling snow sparkles in the sun. It is also a season of joy for fans of winter sports. Snowy slopes and frozen are ready for skiing and skating. I like to go skiing in the early morning.

March, April and May are spring months. Snow melts down. The weather get warmer and warmer and people put their winter clothes back into the wardrobes. This is the time for nature to revive after the winter sleep. Migratory birds return to their native nests and start to sing in the trees announcing the end of the “all-white” season. The green of fresh leaves and grass takes over. Buds swell up and finally burst into brightly coloured flowers. Many a beautiful day in spring welcomes the option of walking about the city and taking pictures. Sometimes it may rain in spring but usually not for long and very soon the sky would clear up.

June, July and August are the summer months. This is the warmest season of the year. There is hardly a summer when the temperatures do not go over 30C for a few weeks or even a whole month. Days get longer and longer. The longest day of the year is June 22. The sun shines brightly. Sometimes it may drizzle with the sun shining through the rain. For pupils and students this is a very important because they have to take exams. It’s a pity we have to spend so much time learning and cramming instead of going out for a walk. However, exams will come to the end and then we will be able to go swimming and sunbathing, or else going hiking through a forest full of flowers of all colours and berries ready to be picked. Grown-ups try to take a holiday in summer. Together with their families, they go to the seaside and enjoy their time. No doubt, summer is the most favourite season for most of people.

Summer does not last forever and finally autumn comes. In early September it may be rather cold and windy, with showery rains everywhere leaving puddles which children merrily splashing through them. But my mid-September the days will be warmer again. This is when Bab’ye Leto, or Russian Indian Summer returns summer back for a couple of weeks. Autumn is a season of yellow and orange colours with leaves covering the ground as some magic carpet woven by nature itself. Sometimes in the morning it is foggy. Very rarely the fog maybe very thick but then it would lift and the sun will greet everybody with its last warm rays before winter. There is a lot of sleet with gusts of strong wind. First frosts and snow may come as early as end of October. By the end of autumn, winter takes over and nature goes on to another cycle. Whatever the season or weather, enjoy them anyway! As a song goes: “Nature doesn’t have a bad weather”.

Words to practice:

Season – время года, сезон

Winter – зима, зимний

Spring – весна, весенний

Summer – лето, летний

Autumn - осень, осенний

Weather - погода

Warm - теплый

Cold - холодный

Hot – жаркий, горячий

Cool - прохладный

Rain - дождь

To rain – идти о дожде

Snow - снег

To snow – идти о снеге

Sleet – слякоть, снег с дождем

Drizzle - моросить

Snowstorm - вьюга

Rainstorm - ливень

Shower – проливной дождь

Solstice - солнцестояние

Slope - сугроб

Melt down - таять

Nest - гнездо

Leaf – leaves лист - листья

Grass - трава

Bud - почка

Flower- цветок

Bloom – цветок (на дереве)

The sky - небо

The sun - солнце

Temperature – температура

Brightly - ярко

To shine – светить, сиять

Sunbathing – загорать

To last – длиться, продолжаться

Showery - проливной

Fog - туман

Frost - мороз

Задание №2

Текст задания: заполните таблицу, образовав однокоренное прилагательное к существительному.

Задание №3

Текст задания: заполните пропуски, словами по теме:

1. Winter is the ______after autumn and before spring, when the ______ is coldest. 2. Hedoesn’t like ______ and cold winter months. 3. It usually ______here in the winter. 4. ______winter turned out to be cold and ______. 5. Fuel supplies could be seriously disrupted ______ winter. 6. ______winds are so chilly in here. 7. ______is the season between winter and summer when leaves and flowers appear. 8. They got married in the ______of 1933. 9. It ______ a cold, sunny day in early spring. 10. Spring ______ and ______are always fresh and I love them. 11. ______is the time of the year when the sun is hottest and the days are longest. The children play on the beach during the ______. 12. We're going to Italy ______ summer. 13. It is a ______summer's day. 14. The tourist ______lasts through late summer. 15. Parts of Spain are ______hot in high summer. 16. ______is the season between summer and winter, when leaves change ______ and the weather ______cooler. 17. Autumn ______ are very usual at this period of time. 18. ______change their colour in autumn.

Задание №4

Текст задания: выберите нужное слово:

1. January is the (one, first) month of the year, (among, between) December and February. 2. I haven't heard from him since (past, this, last) January. 3. She started working there (at, on, in) January. 4. He took office on (six, sixth, sixty) January 1999. 5. February is (a, an, the) second month of the year, between January and March. 6. Francis was born (in, on, at) 26th February 1928. 7. March is the (first, second, third) month of spring. 8. I 'm going to Cuba (last, next) April. 9. May is the fifth month of the year, between April and June. 10 Our vacation will be (May, June, July). 11. We (doesn’t, don't, aren’t) have any meetings on May 6th, do we? 12. An agreement was signed (on, in, to) 1977. 13. (August, July, June) is the ( time, period, month) between May and July.

Отчет: письменное выполнение заданий №1-4, письменные домашние упражнения. Ответы на вопросы отправить на адрес электронной почты [email protected].

Список использованных источников:

1. Английский язык: сборник упражнений и тестовых заданий. Миловидов В.А., - М.: АСТ: Астрель; Владимир: ВКТ, 2010. – 511, [1] с.

2. Английский язык: полный экспресс- репетитор: «Чтение» «Грамматика и лексика» «Письмо» «Говорение» . Е.С. Музланова., Е.И. Кисунько. - М.: АСТ: Астрель; Владимир: ВКТ, 2011. – 606, [2] с.

3. English Grammar: References and practice. Version 2.0 – СПб.: Антология, 2012. – 424с.