Реферат на тему: "история компании apple"

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБЩЕГО И ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение

Свердловской области

«НИЖНЕТАГИЛЬСКИЙ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ № 1»

Реферат на тему

История компании apple

Студент:

Залогина Юлия Алексеевна Специальность 51.02.02

«Социально-культурная деятельность»

Группа № 21

Руководитель:

Пестерева Дарья Юрьевна

Нижний Тагил

2016

Введение

Компьютеры с изображением яблочка уже давно перестали быть диковинкой. Их теперь можно встретить практически везде в издательствах, рекламных агентствах, дизайн-студиях. Высокую популярность компьютеров Apple среди верстальщиков и дизайнеров можно объяснить множеством причин, но высокое качество, удобный интерфейс и надежность работы техники этой марки отмечают все.

Apple Inc (NASDAQ: AAPL, ранее Apple Computer, Inc) является американская транснациональная корпорация, которая разрабатывает и рынки бытовой электроники, программного обеспечения и персональных компьютеров. Известных аппаратных продуктов компании включает лучшие Macintosh линии компьютеров, IPod, IPhone и IPad. Apple Программное обеспечение включает в Mac OS X операционной системы; ITunes медиа-браузер; ILife набор мультимедийных и творчества программного обеспечения; IWORK набор офисных программ; Диафрагма, профессиональный пакет фотографии; Final Cut Studio, Suite профессионального аудио-и кино - промышленности программных продуктов; Logic Studio, набор средств производства музыки; Safari интернет-браузер, и IOS, мобильная операционная система. С мая 2010 года, Apple является одной из крупнейших компаний в мире и самым ценным технологии компания в мире, обойдя Microsoft.

По причинам, как разнообразны, как его философии всеобъемлющего эстетического дизайна, чтобы его отличительные рекламных кампаний, Apple создала уникальную репутацию в индустрии потребительской электроники. Это включает в себя клиентскую базу, которая посвящена компании и ее бренда, особенно в Соединенных Штатах. Fortune журнал назвал Apple самой лучшей компанией в Соединенных Штатах в 2008 году, и в мире в 2008, 2009 и 2010. Компания также получила широкую критику его подрядчиков труда, экологической и деловой практики.

The history of the company apple

I`d like to tell you about a brief history of the company.

Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, who became famous thanks to the success of the enterprise, in the pair is a kind of fusion of the qualities that distinguished company MITS and IMSAI. Total Mezhuyev them lies only in the fact that both addicted to electronics, we lived in Los Angeles, went to school together and were friends. Wozniak (or Woz, as he was called Friend) was four years older than Steve Jobs, who in 1983, when Apple company entered the list of the 500 largest US companies, only turned 27 years old. Stephen Wozniak held very strict views, sharply condemning, for example, the use of drugs, so common among his peers. His mother was an active member of the Republican Party, and once he was lucky to be photographed together with the candidate for governor pieces. California Richard Nixon and get so on the front page of the local newspaper. Already in high school and for one year of study at the University of Colorado (this is his first attempt to get a higher education), where he picked up unsatisfactory ratings, Stephen Wozniak was so passionate about technology, especially computers, he hardly had time for anything study or to communicate with peers.

However, Steve Jobs Computers and electronics are just one of the many interests. In search of the meaning of life, intellectual, emotional and spiritual satisfaction, he tried many things: drugs, vegetarianism, fasting, meditation, writing poems, dreaming of a literary career. In college, he studied only one semester before returning to Los Angeles, there was at odd jobs. Being interested in Eastern religions and tending to mysticism, he repeatedly traveled to India, where he attended the temples and took part in the religious celebrations. To do business, he devoted himself to the cause of almost religious fervor person who found, in the end, the meaning of life.

Stephen Wozniak, who never doubted that the meaning of life lies in the computer, loved to do all kinds of tricks, which contrasted sharply with his serious attitude to science. His knowledge and practical skills in electronics it is often used for mischievous ploys. As a teenager he had once spent the night in the police station for being slipped a fake bomb in a locker of his schoolmate. Later, collecting original electronic device, he connected it to your phone. And everyone who gained his room, heard in response to some kind of joke. Wozniak was of Polish origin, and its phone number will soon become popular among Polish-Americans who lived in the neighborhood of San Francisco, which naturally attracted Polish humor. Once he figured out how to make a free call to the Vatican, and, imitating the voice of the Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, asked to speak to the Pope. However, the emphasis has been issued, and an attempt, though udavshayasya technically failed.

Computerized the switching system AT & T telephone company aroused such admiration Steve Wozniak, he was actively involved in the underground movement "phone pirates." It was attended by people or obsessed electronics opportunities, or hostile to the world businessmen and administrators. These "breaks" in the telephone network, making long and free "travel" in its cables, wires and satellite channels. "Key" to open the system, was the so-called "blue box" - an electronic device that signals which have been carefully calibrated and simulated network signals. system computer receives these signals for their open and free long-distance communication channels.

Some of the telephone pirates landed for such antics in prison. Stephen Wozniak also organized business. It was their first joint venture with Steve Jobs. Despite the threat of prosecution, Wozniak was producing "blue boxes", and Jobs was engaged in the purchase of essential items and sales of finished products. Thus, even a few years before they attack or legally to the development of personal computers, "two Steve" nailed thousands of dollars, providing telephone pirates skillfully made "e-smuggling."

Both of them joined the prestigious firm in Silicon Valley. Steven Jobs programmed video for "Atari", founder of which is a young man named Nolan Bushnell, argued that because of computer entertainment can extract millions of profits. Steve Wozniak, an engineering position in a reputable company Hewlett-Packard. In 1975 .; When Wozniak and Jobs decided to create their own personal computer, two future millionaire, does not abhor sometimes unseemly acts, carried them with necessary details with business firms where they worked.

Steve Wozniak, carrying out most of the work on designing a new car, drew inspiration from the homebrew computer club fans, more than 20 members of which later became entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley. The driving force behind the club was a group of technocrat’s activists who considered PCs the means by which "give power to the people." "Arbitrator" in the stormy debate club members usually performed Felzensteyn Lee, an electronics engineer who at one time worked as editor of the publication "Burley Barb", who later designed the first laptop computer Osborne-1. For Felzensteyna computer revolution it was really a revolution, which gave everyone an opportunity to join the media treatment, and is primarily in the hands of the powerful. He greatly contributed to the establishment of the club a fun, friendly atmosphere, which is conducive to the exchange of equipment, ideas, and even corporate secrets relating to new developments, interest to club members.

Wozniak company attracted fans who shared his passion for computer technology. Steve Leynindzher of the company TRS recalled the atmosphere of these gatherings: "All were similar to each other. The same faded jeans, the same beard, however, they felt something special, it seemed these people were sparkling ideas." Steve Wozniak called homebrew club meeting "the most important event in my life." With moral support and technical assistance of Steve Jobs, he began work on a new computer, wanting to boast of them in the club. It was not his first attempt to construct a computer - at the age of 13 years, he has won several prizes at local fairs of scientific and technological creativity, demonstrating a simple machine called "Desyatibitny parallel adder-subtracter." The school, along with a friend, he gathered "Cream Soda Computer", named in honor of the drink, which they absorbed liters working on this machine. Anticipating a sensational success and hoping for newspaper notices these prodigies were invited to demonstrate their creations reporter and photographer from the same newspaper, on the first page, which a few years wore Photo Wozniak Nixon. However, their dreams of glory literally vanished like smoke, because the computer "died" in front of the press: the thick smoke poured from the power supply and all electronic circuits were burned.

The machine, Wozniak demonstrated at one of the meetings of the club, "homebrew" in the autumn of 1975, although did not disappoint its creator, was greeted with little enthusiasm. So many fans brought before him like homemade that Wozniak and his car was not made public at the spoiled a strong impression. Only a few of his colleagues are interested in the way he used the new 6502 microprocessor firm MOS-Technology. Although this device has been less well known than the popular Intel 8080 processors used in computers Altair was worth it considerably cheaper -. Just $ 20 Wozniak shared the secrets of their construction with everyone and even helped some to build my own machine. The idea to make this a commercial vehicle owned by Steve Jobs. He persuaded the other to establish a computer production for sale to members of the club, as well as to supply the newly emerging computer shops in the neighborhood. In April 1976 a contract was signed by friends, thus formalizing its long-standing partnership. Thus was born the company Apple Computer EPL. (The third partner, Ron Wayne, who was assigned to write a guide for users of the company came out a few months later.)

I`d like to tell you about a history titles apple.

Provenance Apple name is not fully clear. His proposed Jobs as an alternative to more stringent "technical" options, which were discussed by young partners. Fan group The Beatles, Steve Jobs may have proposed to call the computer on behalf of the company, releasing records of this group. Maybe he remembered a farm commune, where the long hours worked in the apple orchard after being dropped out of college. It is possible that the name was inspired by the memory of a fruit diet (and a variety of apples eaten), which he held on his return from India. In any case it is harmless and cute name is quite suitable for the company, whose initial capital (1300 USD.) Formed by the sale of Volkswagen and intricate programmable calculator. "Anyway, this title has put us ahead of Atari in the phone book", - said later Jobs.

The first of Apple's operating room is located in an extra bedroom house that belonged to his parents, Steve Jobs. There "are two Steve" gathered 50 cars for sale in a computer store "Byte", where he worked for Steve Leynindzher. With the expansion of business, they moved into the garage, and there continued to build cars. At the same time, Wozniak improved computer design, it was a step towards the famous model «Apple-2", which is expected to phenomenal success.

In the autumn of 1976 "headquarters" of the company Jobs and Wozniak, located in the garage, was attended by representatives of the company Commodore. The president of this company Tremiel, intending to enter the personal computer market, Apple bought the company, sent to negotiate Chuck Peddle and another employee of their company.

Apple and Commodore have not come to an agreement, but the amounts mentioned in the negotiations, did not go to any comparison with the modest profits, which were obtained from the sale of young partners Apple-1 computers. Starting to think bigger categories, Jobs started looking for money and talents that would enable the company to win as a brilliant reputation, which had machine Wozniak. He found a number of specialists in advertising, is also ready to invest. One of them was Mike - AK Markulla, Intel's former administrator, who earned millions, left the service at the age of just over 30 years. Markulla visited the garage: he liked the combination of virtuoso design work Wozniak and Jobs restless vanity. He invested in their business some money, becoming essentially the third partner of Apple's, and, using his connections in the business world, has attracted additional investments and good administrators. Under the leadership of Apple Markully turned into a corporation. This happened in the first week of 1977 - just over a year after Wozniak took his first Apple computer in the homebrew club.

After a few months a new product corporation, Apple's, 2, it has been demonstrated at the Computer Fair, held in San Francisco. Encased in a beautiful plastic body car weighed only 12 pounds (about 5 kg) had a color graphics system, containing a minimum of chips and was carried out as in the design and commercially, impeccably on a hitherto unprecedented level. Now, it is assumed that it is Apple-2 once and opened wide the road in front of a new industry - the production of personal computers. In a single year the corporation sold in the first generation of the company for a number of years of production at $ 2.7 million. (MITS and IMSAI) ceased to exist, while Apple continues to grow at an incredible pace. By 1980, when Apple Inc. came to Wall Street with the largest capital in shares (from the time of Ford Motor Company), its annual income was 117 PLR. Doll.

As a result, the output of a large corporation in the business world, Wozniak and Jobs became the owners of capital, for a total of about $ 400 million. Their meteoric rise to the highest level gave rise to numerous legends. About them "shouted" cover the most popular American magazines and Jobs family garage became a kind of museum of the pioneers of the twentieth century. However, the peak of Apple's computers success came just at a time when ended with a whole epoch in the industry, born of this success.

The following year, IBM has produced a PC - IBM PC, which with the advent of a new era. The very fact that IBM took personal computers, dispelled the last doubts that they have entered into the life of society for the long haul, because, as it was known to one and all, this company was not engaged in nonsense and did everything thoroughly. But out on the IBM arena also meant the end of the "amateur" informal amateur style of work, animates this industry in the early stages of its development. Personal computers, symbolizing before hackers who was hated by big business, are now themselves become a business. "The caste of priests" engineering staff in white coats, servicing the computer, was overthrown, but it was replaced by a new hierarchy - Administrators in three-piece suits. In a remarkably short period of time, since the mid 70's to early 80's., New industry migrated from garage hackers in the halls, where the meeting of directors of corporations.

But although such changes have provoked some enthusiasts, the continuous improvement of technology has made the personal computer affordable for the broad user community. During the short period since the Altair debut before the IBM PC personal computer, a computer science to join more people than in all the years - since the first, still vague thoughts about Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine to the invention of integrated electronic circuits. Personal computers, of course, have undergone significant changes during his triumphant march across the planet, but they changed the world itself.

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Основатель компании apple Steve Jobs

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Основатель компании apple Steve Wozniak

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Логотип компании apple

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Офис компании apple