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Comparison of adjectives

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«Comparison of adjectives»

Adjectives are one of the four major word classes, along with nouns, verbs and adverbs. Examples of adjectives are: big, small, blue, old, rich and nice. They give us more information about people, animals or things represented by nouns and pronouns:

That’s a big house.

Look at the grey horse.

Some dogs have long tails.

She is tall.

See also:

  • Nouns

  • Pronouns

Meanings of adjectives

Adjectives give us more information. They modify or describe features and qualities of people, animals and things.

Here are some of the common meanings.

examples

meaning

I am fond of ice cream.

Cairo is differentfrom Alexandria.

His car is similar to mine.

Other examples:

keen (on), near (to), aware (of)

Relations between people and things. These adjectives usually require a word or phrase (complement) to complete their meaning.

He’s generous.

She’s a kindwoman.

The waiter was very polite.

Other examples:

talkative, cruel, cooperative, helpful, useful

Descriptions of people and things in terms of their actions.

That’s an oldhouse.

The Olympic stadium is big.

Other examples:

tall, old, good, rough, true, ugly, red, heavy

Features that will last a long time or will not change (permanent).

Anyone hungry? Lunch is nearly ready.

It’s so coldin Nick’s house.

Other examples:

absent, ill, dry, full, lonely, wet, hot, thirsty, angry

States and conditions that can change.

I saw a great French film last night.

I don’t like modernpaintings.

I live in a detachedhouse.

Other examples:

organic (vegetables), impressionist (painter), wild (salmon)

Classifying people and things into types.

See also:

  • Adjective phrases

Oppositeness

Most common adjectives are members of a pair of opposites (antonyms):

beautiful – ugly

dead – alive

happy – sad

rough – smooth

big – small

dry – wet

heavy – light

tall – short

cold – hot

good – bad



Gradable and ungradable

Many pairs of opposites are gradable, i.e. they have different degrees of the same feature:

Small:

This suitcase is extremely small.

This suitcase is very small.

This suitcase is quite small.

Hot:

It was reasonably hot in Italy this summer.

It was quite hot in Italy this summer.

It was pretty hot in Italy this summer.

It was very hot in Italy this summer.

It was extremely hot in Italy this summer.