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Conditional sentences

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«Conditional sentences»

Conditional sentences The conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English. Watch out: 1) Which type of the conditional sentences is used? 2) Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)? There are three types of the if-clauses. type I condition II condition possible to fulfill condition in theory possible to fulfill III condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

Conditional sentences

The conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English.

Watch out:

1) Which type of the conditional sentences is used?

2) Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)?

There are three types of the if-clauses.

type

I

condition

II

condition possible to fulfill

condition in theory possible to fulfill

III

condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

Form type if clause I main clause Simple Present  II will-future (or Modal + infinitive) Simple Past  III Past Perfect would + infinitive * would + have + past participle * We can substitute could or might for would ( should , may or must  are sometimes possible, too). I would pass the exam. I could pass the exam. I might pass the exam. I may pass the exam. I should pass the exam. I must pass the exam.

Form

type

if clause

I

main clause

Simple Present 

II

will-future (or Modal + infinitive)

Simple Past 

III

Past Perfect

would + infinitive *

would + have + past participle *

  • We can substitute could or might for would ( should , may or must

are sometimes possible, too).

I would pass the exam.

I could pass the exam.

I might pass the exam.

I may pass the exam.

I should pass the exam.

I must pass the exam.

Examples (if-clause at the beginning) type if clause I main clause If I study, II I will pass the exam. If I studied, III I would pass the exam. If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

type

if clause

I

main clause

If I study,

II

I will pass the exam.

If I studied,

III

I would pass the exam.

If I had studied,

I would have passed the exam.

Examples (if-clause at the end) type main clause I if-clause I will pass the exam II if I study. I would pass the exam III if I studied. I would have passed the exam if I had studied.

Examples (if-clause at the end)

type

main clause

I

if-clause

I will pass the exam

II

if I study.

I would pass the exam

III

if I studied.

I would have passed the exam

if I had studied.

Examples (affirmative and negative sentences) type     Examples I   long forms + II short/contracted forms If I study, I will pass the exam. - + If I study, I will not fail the exam.  If I do not study, I will fail the exam.   If I study, I'll pass the exam. If I study, I won't fail the exam.  If I don't study, I'll fail the exam. - III If I studied, I would pass the exam. If I studied, I'd pass the exam. If I studied, I would not fail the exam.  If I did not study, I would fail the exam. + If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam.  If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam. If I had studied, I would have passed the exam. - If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam. If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam.  If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam. If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam.  If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.

Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

type

 

 

Examples

I

 

long forms

+

II

short/contracted forms

If I study, I will pass the exam.

-

+

If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I do not study, I will fail the exam.

If I study, I'll pass the exam.

If I study, I won't fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.

-

III

If I studied, I would pass the exam.

If I studied, I'd pass the exam.

If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I did not study, I would fail the exam.

+

If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.

If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

-

If I'd studied, I'd have passed the exam.

If I had studied, I would not have failed the exam. If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam.

If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed the exam. If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam.


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