ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ЗАДОЛЖЕННИКОВ гр 206, 203
ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ 23.02.07 “ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЕ И РЕМОНТ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ, СИСТЕМ И АГРЕГАТОВ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ”
Task 1. A) Read and translate the text
The dashboard is also called dash or instrument panel. It is a control panel placed in front of the driver, housing instrumentation and controls for operation of the vehicle. On the dashboard we can find the steering wheel and the instrument cluster. The instrument cluster contains gauges such as a revcounter, a speedometer, an odometer and fuel gauge. There are also indicators such as gearshift position, seat belt warning light, parking-brake-engagement warning light and an engine- 13 malfunction light. The indicators for low fuel, low oil pressure, low tire pressure and faults in the airbag (SRS) system are also placed there. Some vehicles also have systems like heating and ventilation controls and vents, lighting controls, audio equipment and automotive navigation systems also included on the dashboard, different styles and different designs. On the most modern cars, the top of a dashboard contains vents for the heating and air conditioning system which can be switched in any direction you need, towards the passenger’s set or to the ceiling. There are also speakers for an audio system or surround system. A glove compartment is commonly located on the passenger's side. There may also be an ashtray and a cigarette lighter which can Task 1 B) Translate the word combinations
● tire pressure steering wheel ●real-view mirror ●handbrake ●car seat ●brake
pedal ● glove compartment ●horn ●air vent ● clutch pedal ●accelerator
●indicator ●door ●headlights ● clutch ●sunroof ●bonnet ●fuel level
Task 2 A) Read and translate the text
The automobile is made up of three basic parts: the engine, the chassis and the body. 17 The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders. The chassis consists of a power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs. The chassis includes brakes and steering system. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive. The clutch is a friction device connecting (or disconnecting) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is used for freeing the gearbox from the engine and is controlled by the clutch pedal. Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or stop the car. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, they are applied and the car stops. The body has a hood, fenders and accessories: the heater, stereo tape recorder, windshield wipers, conditioner, speedometer and so on.
Task 2 B) Choose the correct answer:
1.Mechanism which is used to guide the car in one or the other directions.
a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) steering system.
2.Mechanism which is used to guide the car.
a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) steering system.
3.Mechanism which engages or disengages the engine and the car wheels.
a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) steering system.
4.Mechanism which is used to stop the car.
a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) steering system.
5.Mechanism which is used to change the speed of the car.
a) clutch; b) brakes; c) gearbox; d) accelerator.
6.Device which is designed to measure the speed of the car.
a) heater; b) windscreen; c) speedometer; d) tachometer.
7. The main basic parts of the automobile are …
a) car wheels, springs and clutch b) the power plant, the chassis and the body
c) the power plant, gearbox and heater
8. The mechanism used for changing the speed is …
a) clutch b) brakes c) gearbox
9. The power plant or engine includes …
a) brakes, electric and steering systems
b) electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems
10. Most automobile engines have … cylinders.
a) six or eight b) one or two c) nine or ten
Task 3 A) Read and translate the text
A four-stroke engine is a common engine that cycles through four stages. The process works by heating a mixture of fuel and air in a cylinder. First, intake stroke, the inlet valve is opened and the fuel air mixture is drawn in as the piston travels down. Then the valve is closed and the piston moves up again. This is the next stage, or compression stroke. The upward-moving piston compresses the fuel and air. The head gasket and valves on the cylinder head contain the combustion pressure during this stage. On the power stroke, the fuel-and-air mixture ignites. In a gasoline engine, spark plug fires to ignite the fuel On the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve is opened and the piston travels back up expelling the exhaust gasses through the exhaust valve. At the top of the stroke the exhaust valve is closed. This process is repeated what had been presented is the cycle of operation of one cylinder of a four-stroke engine. Generally, engines have two or more cylinders acting in concert with each other to produce the engine power.
Task 2 B) Match a–j with 1–10.
a) four-stroke engine 1) цилиндр
b) cylinder 2) клапан
c) piston 3) четырёхтактный двигатель
d) valve 4) поршень
e) power stroke 5) масло
f) crankshaft 6) распределительный вал
g) oil 7) ход, такт
h) camshaft 8) рабочий ход двигателя
i) stroke 9) коленчатый вал
j) spark plug 10) свеча зажигания
Task 4 A) Read and translate the text
Brakes are used to slow or stop the car where it is necessary. It is one of the most important mechanisms of the car as upon its proper performance the safety of passengers depends. Car brakes can be divided into two types, namely: drum brakes and disc brakes. The drum type may be either a band brake or a shoe brake. Depending on their functions, the automobile has foot brakes and hand brakes (parking brakes). According to their mode of operation, the brakes are classified as: mechanical brakes, hydraulic brakes, airbrakes, electric brakes. Brakes are controlled by the brake pedal. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. This system consists of a master cylinder mounted on the car frame and wheel cylinders. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, it forces the piston to move in the master cylinder and brake fluid is delivered from 11 to the wheel cylinders. The piston movement causes brake shoes to move and the brakes are applied (the brake shoes are pressed against the brake drums). The air brake uses compressed air to apply the braking force to the brake shoes. Electric brakes use electromagnets to provide the braking effort against the brake shoes. Formerly brakes were applied only to the two rear wheels, but now all cars are equipped with all-wheels brakes. Today many improvements are being made in brakes.
Task 4 B) Translate the words below:
Brake pedal, power brakes, disc brake, brake pad, drum brake, parking brake, brake shoe, caliper master, cylinder.
Task 5 A) Read and translate the text
A steering wheel is a type of steering control in vehicles. The is the part of the steering system that is manipulated by the driver; the rest of the steering system responds to such driver inputs. This can be through direct mechanical contact as in recirculating ball or rack and pinion steering gears, without or with the assistance of hydraulic power steering, HPS, or as in some modern production cars with the assistance of computer-controlled motors, known as electric power steering. Rack and pinion steering is one of the most common steering systems used today. But few people actually know how it works. It all starts with the steering wheel. It turns a steering shaft, which is attached to the pinion. The pinion, a gear, locks 30 with the rack, another gear. So when you rotate the wheel, the steering shaft turns the pinion. The pinion then turns the rack. Attached to each side of the rack are inner and outer tie rods. These rods connect to the spindles. As the rack pulls and pushes the rods, they move the spindles. And it is the spindles that hold the wheels. By turning the spindle, the rods turn the wheel. Most modern cars also have power steering. In these systems, the rack has a cylinder with a piston in the middle. The power steering pump supplies high pressure fluid to move the piston. This reduces the amount of force needed to turn the pinion gear and rack.
Task 5 B) Translate the words below:
Power steering pump, pinion, tie rod, steering system, steering wheel.
Simple Present Tense
Упражнение 1. Поставьте глаголы в утвердительную, вопросительную и отрицательную формы Present Simple.
1. I (to do) morning exercises.
2. He (to work) at a factory.
3. She (to sleep) after dinner.
4. We (to work) part-time.
5. They (to drink) tea every day.
6. Mike (to be) a student.
7. Helen (to have) a car.
8. You (to be) a good friend.
9. You (to be) good friends.
10. It (to be) difficult to remember everything.
Упражнение 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple.
1. Alice (to have) a sister.
2. Her sister’s name (to be) Ann.
3. Ann (to be) a student.
4. She (to get) up at seven o'clock.
5. She (to go) to the institute in the morning.
6. Jane (to be) fond of sports.
7. She (to do) her morning exercises every day.
8. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea.
9. After breakfast she (to go) to the institute.
10. Sometimes she (to take) a bus.
Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык:
1. Она занята. (to be busy)
2. Я не занят.
3. Вы заняты?
4. Они дома? (to be at home)
5. Его нет дома.
6. Я не знаю.
7. Они знают?
8. Она не знает.
9. Кто знает?
10. Никто не знает.
11. Он читает английские книги? (to read English books)
12. Они никогда не читают. (never / to read)
13. У неё есть квартира? (to have a flat)
14. У него ничего нет.
15. Это кто?
Упражнение 4. Используйте слова в скобках для образования предложений в Present Simple. Обратите внимание, в какой форме должно стоять предложение (утвердительной, вопросительной или отрицательной).
1) They _____ football at the institute. (to play)
2) She _____ emails. (not / to write)
3) ____ you____ English? (to speak)
4) My mother ____ fish. (not / to like)
5) ____ Ann ____ any friends? (to have)
6) His brother _____ in an office. (to work)
7) She ___ very fast. (cannot / to read)
8) ____ they ____ the flowers every 3 days? (to water)
Simple Past Tense
Exercise 1. Добавьте окончание -ed к глаголом.
to listen, to permit, to stay, to hate, to fry, to travel, to walk, to live, to rob, to carry, to save, to clean, to hurry, to slip, to answer, to bake, to empty, to prefer, to play, to like, to regret, to talk, to reply, to plan, to wait, to close, to tidy.
Exercise 2. Выберите неправильные глаголы и запишите их форму прошлого времени.
To ask, to bring, to collect, to bathe, to sleep, to keep, to read, to complete, to reply, to grow, to show, to say, to fly, to put, to relax, to cook, to shake, to leave, to act, to give, to protect, to cost, to blow, to move, to meet, to order, to lose, to forget, to play, to feel.
Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.
What your neighbours (to do) yesterday?
Mr. Smith (to fix) his car yesterday morning.
His wife (to water) plants in the garden.
Their children (to clean) the yard and then they (to play) basketball.
In the evening their boys (to listen) to loud music and (to watch) TV.
Their little girl (to cry) a little and then (to smile).
Her brothers (to shout) at her.
Mrs. Smith (to work) in the kitchen.
She (to bake) a delicious apple pie.
She (to cook) a good dinner.
She (to wash) the dishes and (to look) very tired.
The children (to brush) their teeth, (to yawn) a little and (to go) to bed.
Their mother (to change) her clothes and (to brush) her hair. Then she (to talk) on the phone.
Her husband (to smoke) a cigarette and (to talk) to his wife.
They (to wait) for the bus. The bus (to arrive) at 9 o’clock.
Exercise 4. Перепишите следующий текст в прошедшем времени.
On Monday we have five lessons. The first lesson is Russian. At this lesson we write a dictation and do some exercises. Nick goes to the blackboard. He answers well and gets a «five». Pete does not get a «five» because he does not know his lesson. After the second lesson I go to the canteen. I eat a sandwich and drink a cup of tea. I do not drink milk. After school I do not go home at once. I go to the library and change the book. Then I go home.
Exercise 5. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя was, were, wasn’t, weren’t.
There ____ a lot of people in the fast food restaurant last night. It was very busy!
«____ Katie at school last week? » «No, she ____ . She was sick.»
«These flowers are beautiful. ____ they expensive?» » No, they ____ «
____ James and Sharlotte in the florist’s? Yes, they ____ .
That’s a pretty dress. ____ it in the sale? Yes, it ____ .
____ there a toy shop in that shopping centre? No, there ____ .
Where ____ you yesterday, Sam? I ____ at the zoo with my mum.
We ____ at home last night. We ____ at the cinema with friends.
Time
1. Напишите указанное время цифрами.
Н-р: It’s twenty past five. – 5:20
It’s half past three. It’s ten to six. It’s a quarter past two. It’s a quarter to twelve. It’s twenty to one. It’s half past eight. It’s five past eleven. It’s twenty-five to four. It’s nine o’clock. It’s ten past ten.
2. Напишите указанное время словами.
4:45 12:40 6:30 3:00 5:10 2:35 9:55 12:05 8:25 7:15
3. Выберите в скобках правильное время.
It’s twenty past eight. (7:40 – 8:20 – 8:40) It’s half past seven. (6:30 – 7:30 – 8:30) It’s a quarter past five. (4:45 – 5:15 – 6:15) It’s a quarter to ten. (10:15 – 10:45 – 9:45) It’s ten to twelve. (12:10 – 12:50 – 11:50)
4. Расставьте следующие варианты в хронологическом порядке.
It’s twenty to one. It’s twenty past twelve. It’s five to one. It’s a quarter to one. It’s half past twelve. It’s a quarter to twelve. It’s a quarter past twelve. It’s noon. It’s five past twelve. It’s five to twelve.
ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННЫЕ
ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ
ЗАДОЛЖЕННИКОВ гр 206, 203
ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ 23.02.07 “ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЕ И РЕМОНТ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ, СИСТЕМ И АГРЕГАТОВ АВТОМОБИЛЕЙ”
Преподаватель иностранного языка ГАПОУ “ ЗМК”
Мусаева З.Ш.
785
72 358 
