Экотур по родному краю

Муниципальное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

Средняя школа №4

г. Дербент

Исследовательская работа

Экомаршрут по родному краю

Выполнила:

Гасанова Валида

Абдуллаева Эльза

СШ№4, 10 класс

Руководитель проекта:

учитель английского языка СШ№4

Узденова Фарида Чигалиевна

Дербент 2018

Актуальность

Сохранение экосистемы родного края – это наша обязанность перед следующими поколениями и перед самими собой

Цель

-определить перспективы развития экотуризма в Дагестане

-исследовать причины угрозы исчезновения реликтового Самурского леса

- формировать чувство ответственности за сопричастность к проблемам экологии

- воспитывать чувство любви и бережного отношения к природе.

- выработать логическое мышление, умение сопоставлять, давать логическую оценку, выражать свое мнение.

- активизировать знания, умения, навыки полученные на уроках окружающего мира и английского языка.

Задачи

- поиск и изучение источников информации по данной теме

- анализ полученной информации

- применение полученных данных в практической работе

Перспективы развития работы

- совершенствование анализа полученных данных

- придать работе научный характер

- работать над совершенствованием языка

- участие в международных молодежных конференциях по проблематике защиты окружающей среды

Личные достижения

- погружение в тему и приобретение навыков работы над научным материалом

- совершенствование английского языка.

Содержание:

I Введение :

II Основная часть:

1. Экотуризм в Дагестане. 7 причин посетить нашу республику.

2. История выживания Самурского леса.

3. О чем говорят древние камни Дербента? Моя работа гидом.

III Заключение.

Список литературы

Приложения 1,2

Введение

Республика Дагестан – самый южный регион нашей страны, отличающийся разнообразием природных ландшафтов, где субтропические лиановые леса соседствуют с заснеженными горами, а степи с пустынями.

 В нашей проектной работе нами рассмотрен один из перспективных и современных видов туризма - экологический туризм в контексте дагестанских реалий. Отмечены основные задачи экотуризма, а так же выявлены основные предпосылки развития данного вида туризма в республике.

Кроме того, упомянуты проблемы, препятствующие развитию экотуризма в регионе, в частности мы рассмотрели причины угрозы исчезновения реликтового Самурского леса.

В работе также описываются основные уникальные природные объекты Дагестана, способные привлечь внимание самого взыскательного туриста.
В Дагестане немало мест, где можно буквально прикоснуться к древним эпохам. Именно на территории республики находится один из самых древнейших городов России – Дербент. В прошлом году он отметил две тысячи лет со дня основания. А самому поселению на этом месте почти 5 тысяч лет. Цитадель Нарын - Кала является визитной карточкой города Дербент. Эта Цитадель вошла в почетный перечень ЮНЕСКО, как исторический и культурный памятник мирового значения. До настоящего времени сохранились стены, ворота оборонительного комплекса.

В заключительной части нашего проекта мы предлагаем рассмотреть этапы нашей работы в качестве гида туристической фирмы, и проведем экскурсию по величавой цитадели «Нарын-Кала»

«Нарын кала»,- Дербента ты  дорога,
Передней Азии, Закавказья, - всё ж,
Пять тысяч лет истории так много!
А холм крутой так на бастион похож.

MUNICIPAL BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY SCHOOL №4

The best project in a foreign language

Project work

My native land. ECO-Route

Student:

Gasanova Valida

Abdullayeva Elsa

school №4,form10

English teacher school №4:

Uzdenova Farida Chigalievna

Derbent 2017

Contents

I Introduction.

II Main part.

1. ECO-Tourism in DAGESTAN. 7 reasons for your Dagestan travel 2. The relic Samur forest is in danger 3. I am a guide!

III Conclusions.

IV. Bibliography

Enclosure

Urgent is

To save the ecosystem of the native land is our responsibility to the next generations and to us

Aim:

• To determine the organizational and economic aspects of sustainable development of the tourist and recreation complex in the Republic of Dagestan

• to investigate the causes of the threat of Samur forest destruction

• to form responsibility for ecological problems

• to form a logical way of thinking, the ability to express the point of view

• to recover activity skills that have been got at Nature Study and English

Tasks:

• the search and studying the sources of information

• the analyses of taken information

• the use of information in practice

Application:

• to make a report at the lessons

• to make a mini dictionary for primary school

• to put the experiments into practice

Personal achievements:

• improvement of the English language

• diving in this theme and getting skills with working at the scientific research

I Introduction.

The Republic of Dagestan is the most southern region of our country, distinguished by a variety of natural landscapes, where the subtropical lianas forests coexist with snow-capped mountains, and steppes with deserts.

  In our project work, we considered one of the most promising and modern types of tourism - ecological tourism in the context of the Dagestan realities. The main tasks of ecotourism are noted, as well as the main prerequisites for the development of this type of tourism in the republic.

In addition, we mentioned problems which are slowing down the development of ecotourism in the region; in particular, we considered the causes of the threat of the relic Samur forest disappearance.

The work also describes the main unique natural objects of Dagestan, which can attract the attention of the most demanding tourist. In Dagestan, there are many places where you can literally touch the ancient era. It is one of the most ancient cities of Russia is Derbent. Last year, he marked two thousand years from the date of foundation. And the very settlement on this place is almost 5 thousand years old. The Naryn-Kala citadel is a visiting card of the city of Derbent. This Citadel entered the honorary list of UNESCO, as a historical and cultural monument of world significance. Until now, the walls and the gates of the defensive complex have been preserved.

In the final part of our project, we propose to consider the stages of our work as a tourist company guide and conduct an excursion to the majestic "Naryn-Kala"

        "Naryn kala," - Derbent you are dear,

       Front Asia, Transcaucasia, all the same,

       Five thousand years of history so much!

       A hill so steep on the bastion is like.

D agestan shares with its Caucasian neighbors the towering mountains of the Greater Caucasus, rushing Caucasian rivers, and spectacularly situated stone auls (mountaintop villages). But in an already diverse region, Dagestan is a wonderland of ethnic and cultural diversity. About 35 separate ethno linguistic groups live in this Scotland-sized republic and the region contains an amazing 12 language families! Given its ongoing instability and relatively underdeveloped tourist infrastructure, Dagestan is certainly not a 'traditional' tourist destination and is better suited for the more adventurous traveler. With that said, coming here is definitely feasible and those who do so will be greatly rewarded by the very friendly and hospitable people, incredible natural beauty and impressive historical sites.

7 reasons for your Dagestan travel Dagestan is a country of mountains The mountain ridges are 2000-4000 meters high with endless meadows below…
Despite the heavily populated areas you can easily get lost here. Dagestan resembles the mountain ridges of Central Asia and Tibet more than the Caucasus.

I am proud to be born in Dagestan. My land is located in the very south of Russia and occupies a huge area. The capital of my native land is the wonderful city of Makhachkala. The whole republic is an incredibly beautiful countryside, an exquisite culture and a kind, sympathetic people.

In Dagestan, for centuries, peacefully live more than a hundred peoples: Lezghian, Russian, Avar, Kumyk and others. Radio, television and the media also cover recent events and conduct programs in these dialects.

I like that in my land the human dignity is most appreciated. Since childhood we are taught to cherish honor and nobility, because this is the main thing that is in the soul and will remain there until old age. Important for us and the family. No matter how our life evolved, we always remember our relatives. It is believed that everything about a person can be learned only by the way he treats his family.

We have a lot of traditions that characterize the Dagestanis from all possible sides.

First, we value our religion, Faith, and therefore before we eat, we ask Allah to bless the food. Secondly, we value true, honest human labor. That's why every time when we meet an employee, we always wish him a good day and fruitful work. And thirdly, the Dagestanis love their Motherland so much that they put all their feelings into art. In our culture there are a huge number of poems, songs, fables, sayings and pictures dedicated to Dagestan.

I am proud that I am a Dagestan.

Auls above the clouds

Dagestan has the highest mountains in Europe. The villages reminds you of an aerie or a wild goat climbing a mountain cliff.
One example of auls is a village called Kurush that is elevated 2500 meters above the sea level.

There are many auls in the picturesque mountains of the Republic of Dagestan. Some of them number hundreds of years, they have their own history, customs, traditions and legends, which were composed to the inhabitants and passed from generation to generation.

And each people has its own famous auls.

One aul is known for potters, the other is famous for stone carvers, the third is for cobblers, and the fourth is for blacksmiths. In one aul are good builders of bridges and roads, in the other - famous masters of cold and firearms. This aul is famous for the quality of its grain, that is - fine apples, and the other - cabbage and potatoes. In this village - weave carpets, pleasing the eye, in the other - make scarves and fur hats. Some auls are proud of scientists, the second - experts in the Arabic language, and others - rope walkers. And in each aul there are talented musicians, singers, dancers, because all the peoples of Dagestan are exceptionally musical.

Mountain auls of Dagestan are cut off from the rest of the world by mountain ridges. Sometimes, when you walk out onto the deck in the morning, it looks like the house is floating above the clouds. Civilization, politics and internet are all left behind in these secluded areas.

The Purity of Tourism

The term “Tourist” is unfamiliar to people from Dagestan. Anybody who is walking along the road is a pilgrim and has to be invited in. A guest is considered to be holy in Dagestan!

Guests are offered the best bedroom in the house, fed the best possible meal, and showered with attention. The comfort and safety of a guest is so important to local people that sometimes it looks like they care for a guest as they would for a child; walking him to his next destination, making sure he is in good hands. Tourism is rare in Dagestan. That’s why local people, especially high in the mountains, are extremely excited to have a guest in their house!

The Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is located on the border of Europe and Asia.

The waters of the Caspian Sea are washed by five states, and Russia owns the smallest part of its coastline among other countries

I s the world's largest inland sea. The Caspian Sea is home to a number of species of sturgeon; one of the most famous fish in Russia; and a fish whose eggs (caviar) are prized as a delicacy around the world!

There are about seventy names of the Caspian Sea, which were given to him by various peoples who lived or lived on its shores.

The Caspian Sea is a reservoir of vital importance for the economy and navigation, in which a brave seafarer sailed a great deal backward a century ago. It is absolutely closed, that is, it is separated from the waters of the world ocean, which makes it unique in its way. The shores of the Caspian Sea are extremely beautiful, and there are many excellent resorts on them.

Sulak canyon

Tourists usually go to Dagestan to plunge into the gentle Caspian waves. And then, tired of the sun and the sea, they begin to look towards the cool mountains. It's time to travel to Sulak!

Sulak canyon is one of the most popular natural attractions of Dagestan. It is attractive both for the Dagestanis themselves, who have recently become addicted to active rest, and for the guests of the republic. Tourists increasingly come to Dagestan, already knowing exactly where they want to go and what to see. The Sulak canyon is almost always popular place for travelling.

Sulak canyon is a remarkable and majestic creation of nature in Dagestan. The canyon begins at the point where the Sulak River, seeking to the north, cuts through the mountains and separates Salatau from the Gimrinsky Range. This canyon impresses with its grandeur and resembles the famous canyon of the Colorado River in North America.

Citadel Naryn-Kala

The attention of millions of people is attracted by the pearl of the Caucasus - the city on the Caspian Sea is our Derbent. This is the city in which I live since birth. I really love him and, of course, I want it to get better and better. From a small town Derbent has turned into a city with huge modern high-rise buildings, flowering parks, well-kept flower beds, paths covered with beautiful tiles, like a multi-colored carpet.

Derbent is a city of thousands of legends. Verily, we, the Derbent people, have something to be proud of. We must know the history of our native city. Another philosopher P. Ya. Chaadaev wrote: "It is necessary that the people learn to know and appreciate each other ... Only in a clear understanding of their past will they get the power to influence the future."

According to its unique nature, unique culture, in its antiquity, the size of the territory and population, Derbent is one of the oldest and largest cities of Dagestan. The history of Derbent is rich and diverse; it takes us to the distant past.

An ancient city Derbent has many sacred places. First of all, it is architectural ensemble Citadel Naryn-Kala, which is famous for its nickname “the wall of Alexander the Great”. This fortress is on the list of the World Heritage Sites protected by the UNESCO. Citadel Naryn-Kala strikes with its immensity and original outlook.

When you pass the sky deck and stand near its end your heart misses a beat as the beauty being seen from this site is really amazing. The whole city of Derbent stands before the eyes!

Samur Forest 

Another natural miracle of the southern part of Dagestan is the Samurian lianas forest. It is located in the delta of the Samur River, in the Magaramkent region on the border with Azerbaijan.

The forest is unique in that it is the only subtropical lian forest in Russia, moreover, it is considered to be one of the last relict forests of the world not subjected to anthropogenic influence. The territory of the Samursky forest is extraordinarily picturesque. Here, in the close neighborhood, you can meet hornbeams and cork trees, pears and apple trees that are familiar to us, poplars and lindens. Almost all trees are weaved with all sorts of lianas, of which there are more than a dozen species in the Samur forest. There are a lot of here and rare red-listed plants and animals.

Dagestan's Samur Forest is now on the list of five oldest forests in Russia.

II.

Daghestan’s Samur Forest is now on the list of five oldest forests in Russia under threat. The list was compiled by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).

The real jungles in Russia the Samur forest in Dagestan is in the delta of the Samur River. This is about two hundred and twenty kilometers from Makhachkala (Derbenets district). At present, the Samur forest is a territory of the same-name reserve. Here the lianas are twined with trunks of trees, and the grasses are so high that it seems as if the human foot has never trod. Meanwhile, for centuries, lindens, walnuts, apple trees, pears, hornbeams, poplars and other trees that are adjacent to flexible lianas grow. It is interesting that all lianas species need sunlight. Over the centuries, they have developed the ability to keep a thin mustache behind the branches of the surrounding trees and thus rise higher, delighting with beautiful flowers and leaves.

The Samur forest is a valuable massif of nature on which the territory animals live and rare migratory birds nest. Environmentalists believe that the liana national park is one of the last relict forests in Russia. Experts are trying to closely monitor the populations of birds, migratory and wintering, as many of them were on the verge of extinction due to the fact that people are destroying their habitual nesting places.

Relict reserve

Samurian lianas forest is completely dependent not on rains, but rather on underground keys that are sources of its nutrition. The activity of a person is not reflected in this territory in the best way. The fact is that every year people take more and more water from the Samur River. But to our times, ancient traditions have come down, telling how carefully the ancestors treated the lianas forest. Some trees, birds and animals were considered sacred. Those who dared to break a twig or injure a bird were seriously punished.

According to a statement from WWF, Samur Forest is second in the list, after the area where the River Pinega meets the Northern Dvina, in the northern Arkhangelsk Oblast.

‘The main threats to the forest are recreational and economic development of the territory, leading to a reduction of the forest’s area and violation of the hydrological regime of the Samur’, the statement reads

The inhabitants of Samur Valley were protesting against drainage system for several years. Activists of the district noted that the work on the construction of facilities and wells for water intake started without environmental review. According to them work was carried out without the necessary documentation and licenses.

Roman Mnatsekanov, senior coordinator of the Russian Caucasus regional WWF office, told OC Media that while its status as a federal reserve already provides some protection, turning the area into a national park could help to save the forest.

‘We consider it necessary to preserve Samur Forest, as well as other sites along the River Samur’, he explained. According to Mnatsekanov, over the last year, expeditions were organised with daghestani experts to assess the forest; he expects that it will be turned into a national park in 2018. According to him, concern about Samur Forest stems from the fact that it is the only surviving large area of liana forest in Russia.

‘21 million hectares of intact forest have been lost in Russia over the last 13 years — 7.5% of the country’s total. The speed of deforestation of intact forests per year is 1.6 million hectares — six times the area of Moscow’,according to WWF.

But, perhaps, everything will be changed: in order to preserve a unique ecosystem, the Government of Russia planned to create the Samur National Park in 2018.

Vladimir Putin at the meeting of the Council on Interethnic Relations reacted to the speech of the head of the Federal Lezghian national-cultural autonomy, Arif Kerimov. The public asked for help, saying that the relic forest in the Magaramkent district of Dagestan is under threat.

This work with the support of WWF has already begun to deal with specialists of Dagestan Reserve, the republican pedagogical university and other scientific organizations.

III. I am a guide!

Good afternoon, dear guests of our city! My name is Abdullayeva Elsa, today I'm your guide. And the whole day we will spend with you together. So I present my work in the future. I really want to live and work in Derbent. The tour guide is a profession that I dream of.

Every person who chooses this job must be able to pick up the necessary material, to study it, to ready the text of the tour on a specific topic. Having practical knowledge and skills is a solid basis for a good guide. I enjoy learning at school English and French, because foreigners` interest in our ancient city today has grown .

So I think that the profession of tour guide must become particularly popular and in demand. Well, not everyone can be lawyers and economists. What a bore! I won't lie, I often imagine this picture: I'm in the center of attention of a huge number of people. Everybody enthusiastically listens to my interesting story and looks at me.

I believe that the profession of tour guide is like to the work of teachers. You must be able to interest the audience. All of this the teacher makes in his lessons. I am lucky to have a wonderful teacher. I'm sure the guide should be very erudite and artistic, sociable.

The guide must have a good memory, interest in new knowledge, poise, friendliness, and willingness to communicate with different people.

On the territory of Derbent there are places that attract tourists from all over the world. They surprise with their beauty and grandeur. For any visitor of our town it will be very interesting to see the ancient citadel "Narinkala", the folk and ethnological Museums of Derbent.

I would like to present to you a tour about citadel "Narinkala"I which I spent working as a tour guide in the historical Museum.

A brief history of Derbent.

(Group the group before entering the Citadel). Before you start exploring the fortress I wish to refer to the history of the city. Its rich history and extraordinary fate of Derbent is obliged to geographical location. The town was founded in ancient times by the narrowest band (3-3, 3 km) Plains between the mountains of the Caucasus and the Caspian coast (specify) to famous Caspian way-an important military and trade route since ancient times, linking the peoples and countries of the Caucasus, the Near East from the South-Eastern Europe.                                           

    Fountain in the installations of the Citadel-Kala-Bulag.

(Place the group in a semicircle before a spring). We have before us one of our ancient Springs-spring Kala-Bulag. Supply of Derbent water has long attached great importance to the lack of rivers near the city and the need to have a reliable water supply system in a long siege. This prompted the first builders of the formidable fortifications of Derbent. Create in water pipelines and underground storage tanks for water storage, ensuring the needs of the population in the event of destruction of enemy water pipes that are suitable to the city.                                          Khan reservoir.

                     (Group of tourists before the reservoir).

Reservoir Khan was probably built as a lump sum with the palace complex Fet-Ali-Khan in the second half of XVIII b. it was a cistern for water storage for the needs of the ruler of the city. According to legend had always been armed tank had a servant, who guarded and first tasted water before its delivered Khan or his family members in terms of the square reservoir size of 2.65 m. x 2.65 m. is covered by a hemispherical Dome, the upper part of which is later masonry.

The Khan's Palace.

Come to the ruins of the Khan's Palace. Built in the year 1768 Fet-Ali-Khan, and is one of the most interesting civil buildings of Derbent. Unfortunately, it is badly preserved. The first reliable information about Khan's Palace refers to the year 1796. On the description of party campaign 1796 year n. G. Butkova, visited him three days after the entry of the Russian troops in Derbent, the Palace was built in two floors of wild stone at an altitude of, which rises above the city. He was struck by the presence of paintings, which were decorated rooms of the Palace "Rooms where Khan and his sister are in the Winter Palace. In the middle of the pool. In the rooms there were many small mirrors and other pieces of jewelry. During the Caucasian war, the Palace was converted into a barracks for soldiers. During the civil war, the Palace was destroyed, only the portal of the Khan's Palace.

                                               Prison-Zindan.

            (Group of sightseers on the steps around the Zandan).

            Before you underground prison-zindan, aka "stone bag". A unique monument of medieval culture. Its depth is 9 m, inner square 22 sq m. In this Dungeon has a square hole with a diameter of 67 cm for penetration of light air it was camouflaged by a massive stone plate with a hole diameter of 23 cm, through which prisoners were served food. According to legend, those sentenced to death were jailed in the zindan, where they died of starvation.

Doug-CAPA (mountain gate).

              We have before us a Western (mountain) gate of the Citadel. They served for entry Pack transport on the territory of the Citadel of Naryn-Kala and for external links. Through the mountain gate to the fortress under the guise of a mountain wall "Dag-bars" could come help the beleaguered defenders. Therefore, they had another Secret gate. These Gates called the "Gate of shame", as the city's rulers in a moment of danger for themselves went through these gates, leaving some advocates against enemies. Gates are flanked on the outside by two rectangular protrusions that form when approaching the gate of the narrow corridor with a width of 3 meters.

Saying goodbye to you, I hope that acquaintance with the ancient culture of Derbent will fill your hearts with warm light, reason larger aspirations. I think that after today's acquaintance with the traditions of the East, through the architecture of the Citadel "Naryn-Kala" each of us reflects on the greatest challenge of modern times-salvation "stone Chronicle of peace" from slow destruction.

"We have before us the sea behind us mountains, plain. This is our homeland. Enigma for some fairy tale for others, and for us is our breath and exhale. " With these words, people's poet of Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov, I conclude the tour. Thank you for your attention. If you have any questions feel free to ask.

Conclusion

During exploring this topic we came to the conclusion that the main task of ecological tourism is environmental education, Teaching people how to use natural resources, but not to harm it. After analyzing the natural conditions of Daghestan we can conclude that we have everything for developing this kind of tourism in our region.

Nevertheless we want to point out the main problems: the lack of funding, the lack of tourist infrastructure and the lack of specialists in tourist business.

I hope that soon my native Dagestan will become a prosperous region because we have a rich culture, original people and unique nature.

Thank you for attention!

Я выбрала эту тему после поездки с классом на экскурсию в самурский лес.

поездка была очень впечатляющей. Кроме того мне предложили поработать в историческом музее города дербент и показывать туристам цитадель нарын кула. было интересно собрать всю информацию в один проект

I chose this topic after a trip with a class on an excursion to the samur forest. The trip was very impressive. In addition, I was offered to work in the historical museum of the city of Derbent and show tourists a citadel of Naryn Kula.

It was interesting to collect all the information in one project

Я использовала в своей работе следующие методы исследования:

теоретический анализ литературных источников, газет;, периодических изданий об истории города из архивов и фондов музеев, библиотек, экскурсии в окрестностях, где происходили исторические события.и материалов сети Internet; выделение и синтез главных компонентов.

I used in my work the following research methods:  theoretical analysis of literary sources, newspapers; periodicals about the history of the city from the archives and funds of museums, libraries, excursions in the neighborhoods where historical events took place.and materials of the Internet;. isolation and synthesis of the main components.

Меры по охране окр.среды

Оur city has changed a lot. A lot of trees have been planted, the fortress of the Narynkala has been reconstructed, many streets are put in order. But unfortunately not all citizens take care of the environment. I believe that in the elementary school it is necessary to introduce such an subject as an ecological education.  there is a long list of environmental problems, which need to be solved

The most important thing people can do is to change their attitude towards the environment.

Меры по самуру

I think that the only way to save forest is to abandon any construction on the river. Because the tropic forests survive due to water and any interference will lead to an ecological disaster.

я думаю что единственный выход спасения леса это отказ от любых строительств на реке. Потому что трорпические леса выживают за счет большого количества воды и любое вмешательство приведет к экологической катастрофе

 my geography teacher invited me to work in the historical museum at the citadel of the Narynkala. I was always interested in the history of the city so I immediately agreed.Once a week I spent excursion

Список использованной литературы:

1.«ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИСТСКО-РЕКРЕАЦИОННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РЕСПУБЛИКИ ДАГЕСТАН» Камалова Татьяна А,Магомедбеков Гамзат ,У.Нажмутдинова Саидат, А.Абдуллаев Нурмагомед А.

2. « ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ» ,Адамова Румина Абдурахмановна

 3. «Легендарный Дербент славен в истории мира»

М.Р. Курбанов

4. «Дербент в середине ХIХ и начале ХХ вв.»

У.Увайсов

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