Фразовые глаголы: готовимся к ЕГЭ

Авторы: Третьякова Анна Анатольевна, учитель английского языка высшей квалификационной категории МАОУ СОШ №6 с углубленным изучением иностранных языков, г.Северодвинска; Солкова Нина Михайловна, учитель английского языка первой квалификационной категории МАОУ СОШ №6 с углубленным изучением иностранных языков, г.Северодвинска

Цель пособия - систематизация практического учебного материала по фразовым глаголам английского языка и помощь учащимся в подготовке к сдаче экзаменов по английскому языку в 9 классе. Данный материал может быть использован как начальный этап подготовки к сдаче выпускного экзамена в 11 классе в формате ЕГЭ.

Введение

Фразовые глаголы – это устойчивые сочетания глагола и наречия или глагола и предлога «или глагола с наречием и предлогом одновременно», образующие идиоматическое выражение, значение которого отличается от дословного перевода, составляющих его частей.

Без преувеличения можно сказать, что фразовые глаголы – один из самых сложных лексико-грамматических аспектов английского языка, ввиду своего большого разнообразия и наличия зачастую нескольких лексических значений – от буквальных до идиоматических. В результате при переводе часто возникают проблемы. Поэтому данную тему мы считаем актуальной.

Фразовые глаголы широко используется в повседневной речи, многие их них стали неотъемлемой частью языка средств массовой информации, юриспруденции и экономики.

Фразовые глаголы предоставляют неограниченные возможности выражения практически любых понятий, они расширяют словарный запас и обогащают речь выражениями, без которых невозможно свободное общение на английском языке.

Возьмите любую книгу на английском, газету, журнал, фильм, песню и т.д. и вы непременно столкнетесь с фразовыми глаголами. Статистически речь носителя на 40% состоит из фразовых глаголов, а это почти половина.

Изучение фразовых глаголов в английском языке имеет практическое значение, так как в русском языке нет подобных глагольных образований, что вызывает трудности в употреблении фразовых глаголов среди изучающих английский язык.

Широкое употребление фразовых глаголов характерно для разговорной речи (сюда относятся конечно фильмы, романы и т.п.), а в строго официальной речи их, как правило, избегают, подбирая другие слова или строя предложения по иному.

Мы предлагаем вам пять тестов с ключами для тренировки употребления часто встречающихся фразовых глаголов.

Test 1.

A Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. You should take ___________ a sport and then you would get more exercise.

a) off b) up c) down

1. I’m trying to work! Could you please turn your music ___________ ?

a) down b) in c) out

1. Just ask him and I’m sure the other children will let you join ___________.

a). out b) up c) in

1. The referee sent David ___________ for arguing with him.

a) off b) down c) up

1. This is my favourite song! Turn it _____________!

a) off b) out c) up

1. A mobile phone rang, but the musician just carried _________ playing.

a) on b) up c) in

1. We can’t afford to eat ____________ very often.

a) off b) up c) out

1. I’ve decided to become a vegetarian and give _________ meat.

a) up b) off c) out

B Заполните пропуски, используя данные глаголы в соответствующей форме. Один глагол может использоваться дважды.

1. Now, everyone knows this song, I want you all to ___________ in with me!

2. It’s so noisy in this restaurant. Could you ask them to __________ the music down?

3. There was a fight during the match and the referee ___________ two players off.

4. We __________ out about once a week and we cook at home the rest of the time.

5. I love this song! ___________it up!

6. I used to play the trumpet, but I __________ it up last year because I didn’t have time.

7. We stopped playing because of the rain, but when it stopped we ___________ on.

8. A good way of getting more exercise is to ____________ up a sport, like basketball.

С Впишите по одному слову в каждый пропуск.

24^th June

We had an English exam today. It was a disaster! We sat there nervously, waiting for Mrs Jennings to say we could start. Finally, she told us to turn our exam papers 1) __________. Then she read 2) ____________ the instructions to make sure we all understood. We had to write three essays in three hours! We weren’t allowed to look 3) ____________ any words in the dictionary, and we had to write in pen. That meant we couldn’t rub anything 4) ________ if we made a mistake. We had to cross it 5) _________ neatly or just rip 6) _________ the whole piece of paper and start again. So, I read through the three questions very carefully and thought about what I was going to write. I’d just written my name 7) _________ at the top of the first piece of paper, and was about to start writing the first essay, when Mrs Jennings pointed 8) _________ that there were only five minutes left. Oh dear!

D Заполните пропуски соответствующими формами фразовых глаголов.

1. Simon r ____ ____ the wrong answer and wrote the right one. (removed with a rubber)

2. Why do you r____ _______ that piece of paper? (tear into pieces)

3. If you make a mistake, just c_______ it _______ (draw a line through)

4. You should l_____ _____ words you don’t know in a dictionary. (find information about)

5. Carol, will you r______ _____ your poem to the class, please? (say out loud)

6. Our teacher p ________ ________ that we only have five minutes left. (said)

7. Have you all w_______ _______ what the homework is? (made a note of)

E Соедините две части предложений.

1. As the plane took A away and come back again later.

2. The door is open, so you can get B back there the following day.

3. We were in a hurry when we got C off, I held my mum’s hand tightly.

4. The man selling the tickets told us to go D off the bus and couldn’t walk properly.

5. It was raining when we set E off on our walk, but it soon stopped.

6. We loved the hotel so we went F in the car if you like

7. Ray fell as he was getting G out on the right because it was safer.

8. The taxi driver asked us to get H on the bus, I realized I didn’t have a ticket.

F Заполни пропуски, используя соответствующую форму фразовых глаголов из упр E.

1. Before Darren _________ on his journey, he packed some boots and plenty of warm clothes.

2. Why don’t you ____________ and think about what I’ve said to you?

3. We should __________ the train at the next station and then find a taxi.

4. The helicopter _________ and suddenly we were in the air.

5. There was a fire alarm and we all had to ___________ of the hotel.

6. Without saying anything, the man ___________ his car and drove up the road.

7. We ran to the train and ____________ just before it started to move.

8. My parents ____________ to the little Spanish town where they first.

Test 2.

A Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. Do you get on / in well with your sister?

2. I thought I could trust you! You’ve really let me off / down.

3. As children grow off / up, they want more independence from their parents.

4. Dave has fallen off / out with Jason and they’re not talking to each other at the moment.

5. Ed was brought in / up by his aunt because his parents lived abroad.

6. I used to go out / by with Tony but we split off / up about a year ago.

7. I hate looking after / over my baby brother.

B Advice for parents of teenagers

You’ve always 1) __________ up your children to come to you when they’re in trouble. You feel it’s your job to 2) __________ after them when they’re having problems. But now, as your children are 3) ___________ up, they often don’t want to share their problems with you. That’s perfectly normal, so don’t worry! Of course, you want to 4) ___________ on well with your children, but that means you have to give them some freedom.

Maybe they’ve 5) ____________ out with their best friend and feel upset and angry. Maybe they’ve just 6)___________ up with the boyfriend or girlfriend they’ve been 7) ___________ out with. Maybe they’ve been 8) ___________ down by a friend who they trusted. Teenagers go through all these problems. If they want to talk to you about it, then that’s fine. But if they don’t, don’t force them. They’ll come to you when they’re ready.

C Впишите пропущенное слово.

1. Could you look ___________ our rabbit when we are on holiday?

2. Tim was Sandy’s boyfriend but they split ___________ last month.

3. Kim and Kathy have fallen ___________ with each other, so Kim isn’t going to invite Kathy to her party.

4. Phil was brought ____________ by his uncle and aunt.

5. Is Gareth really going __________ with Liz?

D Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. Let me just add _________ what I’m buying to see if I’ve got enough money.

A on B up C over D in

1. I’m saving all my pocket money ________ to buy a new Play Station.

A out B down C up D away

1. The old man took the book _______ from the shelf and looked at the price.

A up B down C out D back

1. I couldn’t sell my old magazines, so I gave them ___________.

A over B off C up D away

1. Why don’t you take the sweater __________ to the shop you got it from.

A down B in C back D up

1. We need to hurry ________ or the shops will be closed.

A on B to C towards D up

E Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. I ____________ across the book about the moon in the library. It’s really interesting!

A went B found C came __________D looked

1. Jenny pulled ___________ the handle so we can’t open the cupboard now.

A off B away C in D over

1. I’d like to find ______ more about being a computer programmer.

A across B up C off D out

1. Our car has broken ___________ again.

A off B down C off D in

1. Dean was late for physics so he _________ a story about being attacked by a cat.

A took B wrote C created D made

1. ___________ the TV off. This show is boring.

A Put B Set C Turn D Make

1. I’m going to throw these old shoes _________. I never wear them anymore.

A off B away C down D back

1. I turned _________ the tap but no water came out.

A over B up C round D on

F Дополните каждое второе предложение таким образом, чтобы по смыслу совпадало с первым. Используйте от двух до пяти слов, включая выделенное слово.

1. I found the photo by chance when I was tidying my room. across

I _________________ the photo when I was tidying my room.

1. Scientists should never invent their results. made

Results should never _____________________________ scientists.

1. Don’t put those plastic bags in the bin-use them again! away

Don’t ________________________-use them again!

1. Our car stopped working on the motorway, so we had to call a mechanic. down

We had to call a mechanic when our car _____________ on the motorway.

5. Why don’t you return the jacket to the shop you got it from? back

Why don’t you __________________ to the shop you got it from?

6. You need to go quickly or the shops will be closed. up

We need to _________________ or the shops will be closed.

Test 3.

A Заполните пропуски, используя соответствующую форму фразовых глаголов, данных в рамке.

1. I’ve got an e - mail from Mick! Wait a second and I’ll _________ it ___________ so you don’t have to read it on the screen.

2. I was talking to Matt on the phone when the train went into a tunnel and we were __________.

3. You just have to __________ this form and we’ll send the money for you.

4. My favourite magazine, Teen Scene, ___________ every Friday.

5. Len was talking on the phone , but when I entered the room he _____________.

6. I can’t ___________ because I can’t remember my password.

7. I’m afraid Mr Brown isn’t here. Could you _________ in an hour?

8. Tom surfed the Internet for hours and __________ at three in the morning.

B Впишите пропущенное слово.

1. When does Steven King’s new book come ____________ ?

2. We didn’t pay the bill, so they cut our phone ___________.

3. Could you ask Mr Jones to call me ___________ later today.

4. The woman on the phone started shouting at me, so I hung ________.

5. I’d like to print this e-mail _________. Is that possible?

6. I logged ___________ my favourite website and started reading the latest news.

7. You have to fill _________ a form to enter the competition.

8. I finished reading the web page, logged __________ and then went to watch TV.

C Соедините части предложения.

D Впишите пропущенное слово.

1. Why won’t this dog just go __________ and leave me alone.

2. When does the new Movie Magazine come __________?

3. If you’re not sure how to spell a word, look it ___________ in a dictionary.

4. I was trying to open the door when I pulled the handle _________. Oops!

5. Could you please read ___________ what you’ve written so that everyone can hear?

6. I was looking for something when I came _________ a very old picture of my dad.

7. What do you want to be when you grow __________?

8. Did you really see an alien, or are you making it __________?

E Соедините две части предложения.

F Дополните каждое второе предложение таким образом, чтобы по смыслу совпадало с первым. Используйте от двух до пяти слов, включая выделенное слово.

1. They’ll find out that you’ve lied to them about your age. away

You won’t _________________ lying to them about age.

1. It’ll be difficult to reach the others as they’ re a long way ahead. up

It’ll be difficult to ______________ the others as they’re a long way ahead.

1. The magazine is published every Friday. out

The magazine ___________ every Friday.

1. You’ll be caught! away

You won’t _______________ it!

1. I was talking to Jo on the phone when we were disconnected. off

Jo and I ______________when we were talking on the phone.

6 Could you complete this application form, please? in

Could you _____________ this application

Test 4.

A Впишите пропущенное слово.

1. A Japanese company has __________ over the place where I work and might lose my job.

2. My boss came into the office when we were laughing and wanted to know what was __________ on.

3. Do you think we could __________ the meeting off until next Thursday?

4. The computer in my office broke down so they ___________ it away to fix it.

5. Many of the staff were ill with flu that week , so the director decided to __________ off the meeting.

6. I’m tired because I had to ___________ up last night to finish some work.

7. My car belonged to the company, so when I lost my job I had to __________ it back.

8. Janice is thinking of ____________ up her own restaurant.

B Впишите пропущенное слово.

1. If you work in an office, you spend most of the day sitting __________.

2. If you are a teacher, you spend a lot of your time standing __________.

3. I fell ____________ on the way home from school and hurt my knee.

4. My dad has put __________ two kilos since he gave up smoking.

5. Do you think I should cut __________ on how much sugar I have tea in tea and coffee?

6. I’ve got a headache so I’m going to lie ___________.

7. My mum has had flu but she‘s getting ___________ it now.

8. The chicken smells awful. It must have gone __________.

C Впишите по одному слову в каждый пропуск.

Dress to impress

Do you think carefully about what you 1) ____________ on each morning when you get dressed? What do the clothes that you 2) ____________ on say about you? If you want to make the right impression, try these easy tips.

When you buy clothes, always 3) ________ them on. Ask a friend’s opinion if you’re not sure. And check that what you buy is the right size! If it’s the jacket, for example, make sure that you can 4) ___________ it up properly. And make sure it’s easy to put on and 5) _________ off.

Clear your wardrobe. Take everything out and only put back those things you actually like. 6) ____________ out the things you never wear. It will create space for new clothes and you’ll be able to 7) __________ it up with things that suit you.

Finally, try making your old clothes more fashionable. You could 8) ____________ the sleeves off an old shirt or change the colour. Have fun, and always dress to impress!

D Соедините части предложения.

E Дополните каждое второе предложение таким образом, чтобы по смыслу совпадало с первым. Используйте от двух до пяти слов, включая выделенное слово.

1. I think I’ve gained a few kilos over the last few months! on

I think I’ve __________a few kilos over the last few months!

1. You should reduce the amount of fast food you eat. down

You should ___________ the amount of fast food you eat.

1. This milk isn’t fresh, I’ll throw it away. gone

This milk _____________, so I’ll throw it away.

1. I hope your mum recovers from her illness soon. over

I hope your mum ____________ her illness soon.

F Дополните каждое второе предложение таким образом, чтобы по смыслу совпадало с первым. Используйте не более двух слов.

1. You should eat less chocolate!

You should ___________ on the amount of chocolate you eat!

1. If you are tired, have a rest on the sofa for half an hour.

If you are tired, ___________ down on the sofa for half an hour

1. I think I’ve gained weight in the last few months!

I think I’ve ____________ weight in the last few months.

1. I hope James recovers from illness soon.

I hope James __________ over his illness soon.

1. This milk isn’t fresh any more.

This milk _____________ off.

Test 5.

A Замените выделенные слова фразовыми глаголами в соответствующей форме.

1. You’ll have to ____________, I can’t hear what you ‘re saying. talk more loudly

2. Let’s try to ________ Jimmy ______by having a surprise party! make happier

3. Could you please tell the children to ________? I’m trying to sleep! stop making a noise

4. If you are upset, try taking long, deep breaths to ___________. become calmer

5. Roger first _________ from home when he was only thirteen years old. escaped by running

6. After drying her eyes, Molly ________ telling us why she was so unhappy. continued

7. And then the man said ….oh, ____________ a second! I’ve forgotten the ending to the joke!

wait

8 ________________ and get ready or we’re going to be late. be quicker

B Впишите пропущенное слово.

1. Come _______, or we’re going to be late!

2. Just hang _______ one second while I find my mobile phone.

3. Peter is so noisy! I wish he would just shut _________!

4. It annoyed me that Jason just went _________ talking when he could see I was crying.

5. Try to calm __________ and tell exactly what has happened.

6. You’ll have to speak __________ because I can’t hear what you’re saying.

7. Did you know that Sarah ran ___________ from home when she was fourteen?

8. I was feeling sad, but seeing my cousins really cheered me _________.

C Соедините две части предложения.

D Впишите пропущенное слово.

1. I wonder who’s going to move ___________ next door.

2. We’ll have to put the match __________ until next Saturday.

3. I’ going to cut _________ on the amount of coffee I drink.

4. We filled the car __________ with petrol before leaving.

5. Excuse me, can I try these shoes _________,please?

6. I’m going to put that poster ____________ on my bedroom wall.

7. Hang ________! I’m not quite ready yet.

8. Watch ________! There’s a car coming!

E Дополните каждое второе предложение таким образом, чтобы по смыслу совпадало с первым. Используйте от двух до пяти слов, включая выделенное слово.

1. You should solve that problem as quickly as you can. sort

You should __________________ as quickly as you can.

1. I’m afraid we haven’t got any sandwiches left. run

I’m afraid _____________ sandwiches.

1. If you are not careful, you’ll fall! watch

If you don’t ___________, you’ll fall.

1. I can’t understand why Jake would have said that. work

I can’t ___________ why Jake would have said that.

1. Why don’t you start a youth club? set

You should _____________ a youth club.

1. How long did it take you to recover from your illness? over

How long did it take you to _____________ your illness?

1. They haven’t got any bread at the supermarket. run

They ________________ bread at the supermarket.

1. We had to cancel the meeting because Paul was ill. called

The meeting had to _______________ because Paul was ill.

1. I can’t hear you, so can you talk more loudly, please? up

I can’t hear you, so can you ____________, please?

1. ‘Alex, hurry up or we’ll be late!’ on

‘Alex, _______________ or we’ll be late!’

Keys.

Test 1.

A 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 a 5 c 6 a 7 c 8 a

B 1 join 2 turn 3 sent 4 eat 5 Turn 6 gave 7 carried 8 take

C 1 over 2 out 3 up 4 out 5 out 6 up 7 down 8 out

D 1 rubbed out 2 rip up 3 cross out 4 look up 5 read out 6 pointed out 7 written down

E 1C 2 F 3 H 4 A 5 E 6B 7 D 8G

F 1 set off 2 go away 3 get off 4 took off 5 to get out 6 got in(into) 7 got on 8 are going back

Test 2.

A 1 on 2 down 3 up 4 out 5 up 6 out, up 7 after

B 1 brought 2 took 3 growing 4 get 5 fallen 6 split 7 going 8 let

C 1 after 2 up 3 out 4 up 5 out

D 1 B 2 C 3 B 4 D 5 C 6 D

E 1 C 2 A 3 D 4 B 5 D 6 C 7 B 8 D

F 1 came across 2 be made up 3 throw those plastic bags away/ away those plastic bags 4 broke down 5 take back 6 hurry up

Test 3.

A 1 print out 2 cut off 3 fill in 4 comes out 5 hung up 6 log on 7 call back 8 logged off

B 1 out 2 off 3 back 4 up 5 out 6 onto 7 in 8 off

C 1 F 2 A 3 H 4 C 5 B 6 D 7 G 8 E

D 1 away 2 out 3 up 4 off 5 out 6 across 7 up 8 up

E 1 E 2 A 3 G 4 C 5 H 6 F 7 D 8 B

F 1 get away with 2 catch up with 3 comes out 4 get away with 5 were cut off 6 fill in

Test 4.

A 1 taken 2 going 3 put 4 took 5 call 6 stay 7 give 8 setting

B 1 down 2 up 3 down 4 on 5 down 6 down 7 over 8 off

C 1 put 2 have 3 try 4 do 5 take 6 leave 7 fill 8 cut

D 1 C 2 F 3 A 4 E 5 H 6 B 7 D 8 G

E 1 put on 2 cut down (on) 3 has gone off 4 gets over

F 1 cut down 2 lie 3 put on 4 gets 5 has gone

Test 5.

A 1 speak up 2 cheer up 3 shut up 4 come down 5 ran away 6 went on 7 hang on 8 come on

B 1 on 2 on 3 up 4 on 5 down 6 up 7 away 8 up

C 1 D 2 A 3 F 4 H 5 B 6 C 7 E 8 G

D 1 in 2 off 3 down 4 up 5 on 6 up 7 on 8 out

E 1 sort that problem out/ sort out that problem 2 we’ve run out of 3 don’t watch out 4 work out 5 set up 6 get over 7 have run out of 8 be called off 9 speak up 10 come on

Литература

1. Malcom Mann, Steve Taylore –Knowles Grammar and Vocabulary, 2008.

2. Митрошкина Т.В. Фразовые глаголы, Минск «Тетралит», 2011

3. Luke Prodromou. Grammar and Vocabulary for First Certificate. Longman, 2007