Гайд "Как эффективно работать с заданиями 12-18" (ЕГЭ, английский язык)

Тренировочные упражнения

Чтение 12-18

Задания 12-18 характеризуются высоким уровнем сложности. Необходимо прочитать более сложный, чем в предыдущих заданиях, текст и выбрать правильный ответ из четырёх предложенных. Обучающемуся даётся 7 вопросов и к каждому - 4 варианта ответа, из которых только один является правильным. Эти 7 вопросов могут также иметь вид незаконченных утверждений, к которым надо подобрать завершение, соответствующее содержанию текста. Так проверяется полное понимание текста.

Пример задания: 

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12 - 18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

Ирина Папахина

12  What do we learn about the author of the text from Paragraph 1? 

      1  Marie Rondo is her best friend. 

      2  She has a lot of problems in her life. 

      3  She generally dislikes self-help books. 

      4  She has a full control over her life. 

Ответ: 

13  What does the word decluttering (Paragraph 1) mean ?

      1  Producing more garbage. 

      2 Throwing litter away. 

      3  Storing your things better. 

      4  Making no waste at all. 

Ответ: 

14  The Konmari method means that you will have to ...

      1  spend much time tidying. 

      2  experience happiness. 

      3  buy litter bags very often. 

      4  throw away a lot of things. 

Ответ: 

15  Why does Marie Kondo prefer to categorize things by categories? 

      1  To make you see you have too much. 

      2  To clean your place step by step. 

      3  To find out what is extra in your home. 

      4  To make you change the cleaning habits. 

Ответ: 

16  According to Marie Kondo, what is the most typical mistake people make while tidying up? 

      1  Throwing everything away. 

      2  Putting things away out of sight. 

      3  Being influenced by their illusions. 

      4  Finding a place for everything. 

Ответ: 

17  Marie Kondo recommends to keep things in ...

      1  expensive drawers. 

      2  plastic wardrobes. 

      3  transparent containers. 

      4  open spaces. 

Ответ: 

18  The author thinks that if she follows the instructions in the book, she  will ...

      1  find many things to throw away. 

      2  have nothing left in the house. 

      3  see that her things don't bring her joy. 

      4  finally give up the housecleaning. 

Ответ: 

The Japanese Art of Housekeeping  

Another day, another self-help manual... When I’m told to do something that promises to change my life, I tend to switch off, but a friend recently urged me to read Japanese professional-organizer Marie Rondo's The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying when I told her I had problems decluttering. I, like many people, hang on to things Fm unlikely to ever use again, and I try to keep it all under control with the usual go-to solution of more storage. But storage is not the answer, according to Japanese decluttering expert, Marie Kondo. She urges us to address our stuff, not our storage, and to keep only items that ' spark joy' and by doing so transform our living spaces. When you tidy your space completely, you transform the scenery around you. The change is so profound that you will feel you are living in a totally different world.' If that sounds appealing, here's a selection of Rondo's wisdom for you. 

The Konmari method (coined by Marie Rondo from her name) advises us to examine literally everything in our homes. We should ask ourselves if each object really gives us joy. If it doesn't, then off it goes. This metnoa oi only Keeping those items that spark joy, means that we end up discarding a great deal. Rondo reckons that the average amount thrown out by a single one of her clients is 20-30 45-litre bags for a couple and for a family of three, closer to 70 bags. She mentions one client — a couple — who threw out 200 bags. If discarding sounds wasteful, consider that you'll enjoy what you have more, meaning that you might even buy less. 'Most people are overwhelmed by the sheer volume of what they own,' she says. *To truly cherish things that are important to you, you must first discard those that have outlived their purpose'. 

The next valuable piece of advice is classifying things by category versus by room. When we tidy one place at a time, *we can never grasp the overall volume and therefore can never finish,' says Rondo. This flies in the face of conventional sorting wisdom, but it's crucial to success, she says. 'Excess is caused by ignorance of what we actually own,' she says. But if we sort by category — clothes one day, books the next — laying each of these things out, we can see what we have, and therefore what we need to discard. 

The method of Marie Rondo is as simple as knowing what to keep and knowing where to put what you keep. So designate a spot for everything. If everything doesn't have a home, your house will become cluttered again pretty quickly. 'Effective tidying involves only two essential decisions: discarding and deciding where to store things,' says Kondo. 'Most people leap at storage methods that promise quick and convenient ways to remove visible clutter,' says Rondo. 

But simply putting things away only 'creates the illusion that the clutter problem has been solved.' 

When you are through with these two major steps, the next one is folding your clothes properly — and Rondo gives detailed instructions on the best way. In her opinion, if we treat our clothes with respect, they'll look better, last longer and we are able to see at a glance what we have. She favours drawers, especially cheap see-through plastic ones and recommends organizing the contents of our wardrobes so we can see what we have at a glance. 

So am I still skeptical? Well, I'm itching to start throwing things out but given I have piles of T-shirts, crockery, and bed linen that I can't truly say spark joy, am I likely to end up with an empty house if I follow her advice? But I'm definitely going to give it a try. 

Ирина Папахина

РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ ЗАДАНИЙ 

1  Помните, в неверном варианте ответа могут быть использованы те же самые слова и упомянуты те же самые события/явления, что и в тексте. Правильный ответ будет сформулирован при помощи синонимов или антонимов к словам и выражениям. данным в тексте . 

2  Обращайте внимание на мелкие детали: неверные ответы могут содержать иную грамматическую форму или незначительно изменённую информацию. Так, часто оценочное прилагательное или слова, обозначающие количество (few, many, much, many и др.), делают вариант ответа неверным. 

3  Если Вы не уверены, что выбранный вами вариант ответа верный, определите те варианты, которые однозначно являются неправильными, и вычеркните их. Если у вас остаётся выбор из двух вариантов, то положитесь на интуицию и выберите один из них. Выбирая правильный ответ, объясните себе, почему остальные варианты ответа являются неверными. 

Ирина Папахина

КОММЕНТАРИЙ  

( рассуждение по алгоритму при выполнении заданий )  

В комментарии показано рассуждение при выполнении заданий, приведённых в качестве примера выше. 

1  Знакомимся с общим содержанием текста. Во время первого беглого прочтения стараемся уловить общее развитие сюжета или мысли автора. Не следует пугаться наличия в тексте незнакомых слов или длинных сложных предложений и заострять на них своё внимание, пытаясь понять текст дословно. В нашем тексте идёт речь о книге японского специалиста по уборке Мари Кондо. После первичного ознакомления с общим содержанием текста необходимо будет перейти к тестовым вопросам. Очень важно на данном этапе удержаться от искушения начать внимательно читать текст ещё раз. 

Ирина Папахина

The Japanese Art of Housekeeping  

Another day, another self-help manual... When I’m told to do something that promises to change my life, I tend to switch off, but a friend recently urged me to read Japanese professional-organizer Marie Rondo's The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying when I told her I had problems decluttering. I, like many people, hang on to things Fm unlikely to ever use again, and I try to keep it all under control with the usual go-to solution of more storage. But storage is not the answer, according to Japanese decluttering expert, Marie Kondo. She urges us to address our stuff, not our storage, and to keep only items that ' spark joy' and by doing so transform our living spaces. When you tidy your space completely, you transform the scenery around you. The change is so profound that you will feel you are living in a totally different world.' If that sounds appealing, here's a selection of Rondo's wisdom for you. 

The Konmari method (coined by Marie Rondo from her name) advises us to examine literally everything in our homes. We should ask ourselves if each object really gives us joy. If it doesn't, then off it goes. This metnoa oi only Keeping those items that spark joy, means that we end up discarding a great deal. Rondo reckons that the average amount thrown out by a single one of her clients is 20-30 45-litre bags for a couple and for a family of three, closer to 70 bags. She mentions one client — a couple — who threw out 200 bags. If discarding sounds wasteful, consider that you'll enjoy what you have more, meaning that you might even buy less. 'Most people are overwhelmed by the sheer volume of what they own,' she says. *To truly cherish things that are important to you, you must first discard those that have outlived their purpose'. 

The next valuable piece of advice is classifying things by category versus by room. When we tidy one place at a time, we can never grasp the overall volume and therefore can never finish,' says Rondo. This flies in the face of conventional sorting wisdom, but it's crucial to success, she says. 'Excess is caused by ignorance of what we actually own,' she says. But if we sort by category — clothes one day, books the next — laying each of these things out, we can see what we have, and therefore what we need to discard. 

The method of Marie Rondo is as simple as knowing what to keep and knowing where to put what you keep. So designate a spot for everything. If everything doesn't have a home, your house will become cluttered again pretty quickly. 'Effective tidying involves only two essential decisions: discarding and deciding where to store things,' says Kondo. 'Most people leap at storage methods that promise quick and convenient ways to remove visible clutter,' says Rondo. 

But simply putting things away only 'creates the illusion that the clutter problem has been solved.' 

When you are through with these two major steps, the next one is folding your clothes properly — and Rondo gives detailed instructions on the best way. In her opinion, if we treat our clothes with respect, they'll look better, last longer and we are able to see at a glance what we have. She favours drawers, especially cheap see-through plastic ones and recommends organizing the contents of our wardrobes so we can see what we have at a glance. 

So am I still skeptical? Well, I'm itching to start throwing things out but given I have piles of T-shirts, crockery, and bed linen that I can't truly say spark joy, am I likely to end up with an empty house if I follow her advice? But I'm definitely going to give it a try.

Read only the first two sentences in each paragraph. What is the text about? 

Ирина Папахина

  2  Изучаем вопросы в заданиях 12-18, пытаемся понять их смысл и определить. какая информация нам понадобится для решения поставленной задачи. Определяем, какой из тестовых вопросов или какое из утверждений нацелен(о) на понимание информации, выраженной эксплицитно (в явном виде) и имплицитно (в неявном виде. скрыто, на уровне подтекста). 

16  According to Marie Kondo, what is the most typical mistake people make while tidying up? 

      1  Throwing everything away. 

      2  Putting things away out of sight. 

      3  Being influenced by their illusions. 

      4  Finding a place for everything. 

Ответ: 

17  Marie Kondo recommends to keep things in ...

      1  expensive drawers. 

      2  plastic wardrobes. 

      3  transparent containers. 

      4  open spaces. 

Ответ: 

12  What do we learn about the author of the text from Paragraph 1? 

18  The author thinks that if she follows the instructions in the book, she  will ...

      1  Marie Rondo is her best friend. 

      1  find many things to throw away. 

      2  She has a lot of problems in her life. 

      2  have nothing left in the house. 

      3  She generally dislikes self-help books. 

      3  see that her things don't bring her joy. 

      4  She has a full control over her life. 

      4  finally give up the housecleaning. 

Ответ: 

Ответ: 

13  What does the word decluttering (Paragraph 1) mean ?

      1  Producing more garbage. 

      2 Throwing litter away. 

      3  Storing your things better. 

      4  Making no waste at all. 

Ответ: 

14  The Konmari method means that you will have to ...

      1  spend much time tidying. 

      2  experience happiness. 

      3  buy litter bags very often. 

      4  throw away a lot of things. 

Ответ: 

15  Why does Marie Kondo prefer to categorize things by categories? 

      1  To make you see you have too much. 

      2  To clean your place step by step. 

      3  To find out what is extra in your home. 

      4  To make you change the cleaning habits. 

Ответ: 

Ирина Папахина

Find the definitions of the words in bald.

Another day, another self-help manual... When I’m told to do something that promises to change my life, I tend to switch off, but a friend recently urged me to read Japanese professional-organizer Marie Rondo's The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying when I told her I had problems decluttering . I, like many people, hang on to things I’m unlikely to ever use again, and I try to keep it all under control with the usual go-to-solution of more storage . But storage is not the answer, according to Japanese decluttering expert, Marie Kondo. She urges us to address our stuff, not our storage, and to keep only items that ' spark joy and by doing so transform our living spaces. When you tidy your space completely, you transform the scenery around you. The change is so profound that you will feel you are living in a totally different world .' If that sounds appealing , here's a selection of Rondo's wisdom for you. 

• the putting and  keeping  of things in a  special   place  for use in the  future
• to  strongly   advise  or  try  to  persuade  someone to do a  particular  thing
• attractive   or  interesting
• the  ability  to make good  judgments   based  on what you have  learned  from  your   experience , or the  knowledge  and  understanding  that gives you this  ability
• the  activity  of  removing  things you do not need from a  place , in  order  to make it more  pleasant  and more  useful
• deep, absolute  

storage

urge

appealing

wisdom

decluttering

profound

Ирина Папахина

Remember the covered words.

storage

profound

urge

appealing

wisdom

decluttering

Another day, another self-help manual... When I’m told to do something that promises to change my life, I tend to switch off, but a friend recently urged me to read Japanese professional-organizer Marie Rondo's The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying when I told her I had problems decluttering . I, like many people, hang on to things I’m unlikely to ever use again, and I try to keep it all under control with the usual go-to-solution of more storage . But storage is not the answer, according to Japanese decluttering expert, Marie Kondo. She urges us to address our stuff, not our storage, and to keep only items that ' spark joy and by doing so transform our living spaces. When you tidy your space completely, you transform the scenery around you. The change is so profound that you will feel you are living in a totally different world .' If that sounds appealing , here's a selection of Rondo's wisdom for you. 

How often do you declutter your room?

3  Выполняем задание 12 . Просматриваем тестовый вопрос ещё раз, находим соответствующий фрагмент текста. 

12  What do we learn about the author of the text from Paragraph 1? 

      1  Marie Rondo is her best friend. 

      2  She has a lot of problems in her life. 

      3  She generally dislikes self-help books. 

      4  She has a full control over her life. 

Ответ: 

Find the answer to the question in the text

Another day, another self-help manual... When I’m told to do something that promises to change my life, I tend to switch off , but a friend recently urged me to read Japanese professional-organizer Marie Rondo's The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying when I told her I had problems decluttering. I, like many people, hang on to things I’m unlikely to ever use again, and I try to keep it all under control with the usual go-to solution of more storage. But storage is not the answer, according to Japanese decluttering expert, Marie Kondo. She urges us to address our stuff, not our storage, and to keep only items that ' spark joy' and by doing so transform our living spaces. When you tidy your space completely, you transform the scenery around you. The change is so profound that you will feel you are living in a totally different world.' If that sounds appealing, here's a selection of Rondo's wisdom for you. 

HELP

Подчёркнутые в данном фрагменте фразы демонстрируют ироничное отношение автора к книгам по саморазвитию и самопомощи, что соответствует варианту ответа № 3. Проверим, почему остальные варианты ответа неверны. Очевидно, что автор текста не знаком с автором книги «Магическое искусство уборки» Мари Кондо, следовательно, вариант ответа № 1 нам не подходит. Вариант ответа № 2 содержит указание на количество проблем (а lot of ), но в тексте нам ничего об этом не говорится. Вариант ответа № 4 также неверен, потому что попытка контролировать порядок в доме не означает, что вся жизнь автора текста под полным его или ее контролем. 

Вывод: Правильный ответ на вопрос 12 — № 3. 

Ирина Папахина

4. Переходим к заданию 13 .. 

13  What does the word decluttering (Paragraph 1) mean ?

      1  Producing more garbage. 

      2 Throwing litter away. 

      3  Storing your things better. 

      4  Making no waste at all. 

Ответ: 

Find the answer to the question in the text

С помощью таких вопросов проверяется ваше умение догадываться о значении незнакомых слов в тексте. Иными словами, ни в коем случае не нужно бояться того, что вы не знаете слово, выделенное в вопросе жирным шрифтом. Оно и должно быть потенциально вам незнакомо. Найдём фрагмент текста, где нам встречается данное слово (в вопросе всегда указан нужный абзац). Кроме того, данное слово и в тексте всегда выделено жирным шрифтом.  

But storage is not the answer, according to Japanese decluttering expert, Marie Kondo. She urges us to address our stuff, not our storage, and to keep only items that 'spark joy' and by doing so transform our living spaces.  

Проанализируем состав слова. Приставка de- означает избавление от чего-либо, обратный процесс. Это вполне соответствует варианту ответа № 2. Проверим, почему остальные варианты ответа являются неправильными. Вариант ответа № 1 говорит нам о продолжении или даже усилении действия, что не соответствует выделенной нами в слове приставке. Вариант ответа № 3 противоречит информации из текста (but storage  is not the answer ). Вариант ответа № 4 не только противоречит здравому смыслу, но и не упоминается в тексте вообще. 

HELP

Вывод: правильный ответ на вопрос 13 — № 2.  

Ирина Папахина

Match the words in bald to their synonyms.

The Konmari method (coined by Marie Kondo from her name) advises us to examine literally everything in our homes. We should ask ourselves if each object really gives us joy. If it doesn't, then off it goes. This method of only keeping those items that spark joy, means that we end up discarding a great deal. Kondo reckons that the average amount thrown out by a single one of her clients is 20-30 45-litre bags for a couple and for a family of three, closer to 70 bags. She mentions one client - a couple — who threw out 200 bags. If discarding sounds wasteful , consider that you'll enjoy what you have more, meaning that you might even buy less. 

literally

throwing away

discarding

uneconomical

reckon

think, believe

average

pair

couple

practically, original ly, really

wasteful

middle, ordinary, typical

5.  Прочитаем вопрос 14 и найдём соответствующий ему фрагмент текста. 

14  The Konmari method means that you will have to ...

      1  spend much time tidying. 

      2  experience happiness. 

      3  buy litter bags very often. 

      4  throw away a lot of things. 

Ответ:

Find the answer to the question in the text

The Konmari method (coined by Marie Kondo from her name) advises us to examine literally everything in our homes. We should ask ourselves if each object really gives us joy. If it doesn't, then off it goes. This method of only keeping those items that spark joy, means that we end up discarding a great deal. Kondo reckons that the average amount thrown out by a single one of her clients is 20-30 45-litre bags for a couple and for a family of three, closer to 70 bags. She mentions one client - a couple — who threw out 200 bags. If discarding sounds wasteful, consider that you'll enjoy what you have more, meaning that you might even buy less. 

Приведённая в тексте статистика о том, сколько мешков мусора в среднем выбрасывают те, кто решился провести уборку в своём жилище по методу Мари Кондо, говорит о том, что последователям этого метода приходится выбрасывать много ненужных вещей. Вариант ответа № 4 полностью соответствует этому выводу. Вариант ответа № 3 не подходит, потому что уборка по методу Мари Кондо делается раз и навсегда, что не соответствует выражению too often . Вариант ответа № 1 неверен, потому что мы можем только предполагать, сколько времени уходит на уборку по методу Мари Кондо, но конкретной информации о том, что его уходит много. в тексте нет. Ощущение счастья же (вариант ответа № 2) должны вызывать не все вещи в Вашем доме — именно от них автор метода и предлагает своим клиентам избавляться безо всяких сожалений. 

Вывод: правильный ответ на вопрос 14 — № 4. 

HELP

Ирина Папахина

Use the correct forms of the words in brackets.

The Konmari method (coined by Marie Kondo from her name) advises us to examine literally everything in our homes. We should ask ourselves ( WE ) if each object really gives us joy. If it doesn't, then off it goes. This method of only keeping those (THAT) items that spark joy, means that we end up discarding (DISCARD) a great deal. Kondo reckons that the average amount thrown out (THROW OUT) by a single one of her clients is 20-30 45-litre bags for a couple and for a family of three, closer to 70 bags. She mentions one client - a couple — who threw out 200 bags. If discarding sounds wasteful, consider that you'll enjoy what you have more, meaning that you might even buy less. 

Choose the synonyms of the words in bald.

The next valuable piece of advice is classifying things by category versus by room. ‘When we tidy one place at a time, we can never grasp the overall volume and therefore can never finish,' says Kondo. This flies in the face of conventional sorting wisdom, but it's crucial to success, she says. ' Excess is caused by ignorance of what we actually own,' she says. But if we sort by category — clothes one day, books the next — leaving each of these things out , we can see what we have, and therefore what we need to discard.

grasp - hold / let go

fly in the face - defy / help

conventional - unusual / typical

crucial - essential / minor

excess - lack / waste

ignorance -   lack of knowledge / understanding

leave out - get rid of / include

Fly in the face - defy бросить вызов

6. Переходим к вопросу 15 и находим соответствующий ему фрагмент текста.

15 Why does Marie Kondo prefer to categorize things by categories?  

1) To make you see you have too much. 

2) To clean your place step by step. 

3) To find out what is extra in your home. 

4) To make you change the cleaning habits.

  Ответ: 

Find the answer to the question in the text

The next valuable piece of advice is classifying things by category versus by room. When we tidy one place at a time, we can never grasp the overall volume and therefore can never finish,' says Kondo. This flies in the face of conventional sorting wisdom, but it's crucial to success, she says. 'Excess is caused by ignorance of what we actually own,' she says. But if we sort by category — clothes one day, books the next — leaving each of these things out, we can see what we have, and therefore what we need to discard.

HELP

Важно выделить в тексте комментарий Мари Кондо именно к уборке по категориям, а не к уборке по помещениям (в тексте приводится и то и то). Слово excess прямо указывает нам на вариант ответа № 3. Вариант ответа № 1 неверен, потому что наличие большого количества лишних вещей ещё не означает, что таких вещей слишком много. Пошаговая уборка (вариант ответа № 2) никак не связана с классифицированием вещей причинно-следственной связью, иными словами, ответ не соответствует сути вопроса. Это же справедливо и для варианта ответа N° 4. 

Вывод: правильный ответ на вопрос 15 — № 3. 

Ирина Папахина

Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов.

The next valuable (VALUE) piece of advice is classifying things by category versus by room. ‘When we tidy one place at a time, we can never grasp the overall volume and therefore can never finish,' says Kondo. This flies in the face of conventional sorting wisdom (WISE) , but it's crucial to success, she says. 'Excess is caused by ignorance (IGNORE) of what we actually own,' she says. But if we sort by category — clothes one day, books the next — leaving each of these things out, we can see what we have, and therefore what we need to discard.

Read the next part of the text and match the words in bold to their synonyms.

The method of Marie Kondo is as simple as knowing what to keep and knowing where to put what you keep. So designate a spot for everything. If everything doesn't have a home, your house will become cluttered again pretty quickly. 'Effective tidying involves only two essential decisions: discarding and deciding where to store things,' says Kondo. 'Most people leap at storage methods that promise quick and convenient ways to remove visible clutter,' says Kondo. But simply putting things away only 'creates the illusion that the clutter problem has been solved .' 

designate

• appoint, assign

• figure out

• jump at, seize

solve

leap at

7. Продолжаем выполнение задания. Прочитаем вопрос 16 и найдем соответствующий ему фрагмент текста. 

16 According to Marie Kondo, what is the most typical mistake people make while tidying up?

1)Throwing everything away. 

2) Putting things away out of sight. 

3) Being influenced by their illusions. 

4) Finding а place for everything. 

  Ответ: 

Find the answer to the question in the text

The method of Marie Kondo is as simple as knowing what to keep and knowing where to put what you keep. So designate a spot for everything. If everything doesn't have a home, your house will become cluttered again pretty quickly. 'Effective tidying involves only two essential decisions: discarding and deciding where to store things,' says Kondo. 'Most people leap at storage methods that promise quick and convenient ways to remove visible clutter,' says Kondo. But simply putting things away only 'creates the illusion that the clutter problem has been solved.' 

Подчёркнутые нами предложения в тексте демонстрируют мнение Мари Кондо о типичных ошибках тех, кто планирует навести порядок в доме, — убрать вещи так, чтобы их не было видно (remove visible clutter). Следовательно, вариант ответа № 2 является верным, так как полностью соответствует мысли фрагмента текста. Вариант ответа № 1 является неверным, потому что нам предлагают не выбросить всё, а найти для каждой вещи подходящее ей место. Вариант ответа № 3 апеллирует к использованию слова illusion из текста, однако это слово стоит в варианте ответа № 3 во множественном, а не в единственном числе. Вариант ответа №4 — яркий Пример того, что вариант ответа, хоть и не противоречит содержанию текста, не соответствует сути вопроса. 

HELP

Вывод: правильный ответ на вопрос 16 — № 2.  

Ирина Папахина

Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов.

The method of Marie Kondo is as simple as knowing what to keep and knowing where to put what you keep. So designate a spot for everything. If everything doesn't have (NOT HAVE) a home, your house will become (BECOME) cluttered again pretty quickly. 'Effective tidying involves (INVOLVE) only two essential decisions: discarding and deciding where to store things,' says Kondo. 'Most people leap at storage methods that promise quick and convenient ways to remove visible clutter,' says Kondo. But simply putting things away only 'creates the illusion that the clutter problem

has been solved (SOLVE) .' 

Mach the parts of the collocations from the next part of the text. Then read and check.

give

at

a glance

see

detailed

treat

instructions

with

respect

CHECK

When you are through with these two major steps, the next one is folding your clothes properly - and Kondo gives detailed instructions on the best way, in her opinion. If we treat our clothes with respect , they'll look better, last longer and we are able to see at a glance what we have. She favours drawers, especially cheap see-through plastic ones and recommends organizing the contents of our wardrobes so we can see what we have at a glance. 

8 . Перейдём к следующему вопросу. Определим фрагмент текста, соответствующий вопросу 17. 

17 Marie Kondo recommends to keep things in ... 

1) expensive drawers. 

2) plastic wardrobes. 

3) transparent containers. 

4) open spaces. 

Ответ: 

Find the answer to the question in the text

When you are through with these two major steps, the next one is folding your clothes properly - and Kondo gives detailed instructions on the best way, in her opinion. If we treat our clothes with respect , they'll look better, last longer and we are able to see at a glance what we have. She favours drawers, especially cheap see-through plastic ones and recommends organizing the contents of our wardrobes so we can see what we have at a glance. 

HELP

В тексте упоминаются ящики, но не дорогие, а дешёвые, следовательно, вариант ответа № 1 является неверным. В то же время наиболее вероятным верным вариантом ответа кажется № 3 (containers = drawers, transparent = see-through). Это отличный пример того, как правильный ответ формулируется при помощи синонимов тех слов, которые использованы непосредственно в самом тексте. Вариант ответа № 4 не может быть верным, ведь в тексте упоминаются шкафы- гардеробы, но и вариант ответа № 2 тоже неверен, потому что слово plastic в тексте используется применительно к контейнерам или ящикам, а не к шкафам. 

Вывод: правильный ответ на вопрос 17 — № 3. 

Ирина Папахина

Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста.

When you are through with these ( THIS ) two major steps, the next one is folding your clothes properly - and Kondo gives detailed instructions on the best way, in her opinion. If we treat our clothes with respect, they'll look better (GOOD) , last longer and we are able to see at a glance what we have. She favours drawers, especially cheap see-through plastic ones and recommends organizing (ORGANIZE) the contents of our wardrobes so we can see what we have at a glance. 

So am I still skeptical? Well, I’m itching to start throwing things out but given I have piles of T-shirts, crockery, and bed linen that I can't truly say spark joy, am I likely to end up with an empty house if I follow her advice? But I'm definitely going to give it a try. 

• Does the author want to try the new method of decluttering? What does she say about it?

• Does the author have a lot of things that she doesn’t like? What does she say about it?

• Does your bed linen spark joy?

9 . Перейдём к последнему вопросу. Найдём фрагмент текста, который соответствует вопросу 18. 

18 The author thinks that if she follows the instructions in the book, she will ...

1) find many things to throw away. 

2) have nothing left in the house. 

3) see that her things don't bring her joy. 

4) finally give up the housecleaning. 

  Ответ: 

Find the answer to the question in the text

So am I still skeptical? Well, I’m itching to start throwing things out but given I have piles of T-shirts, crockery, and bed linen that I can't truly say spark joy, am I likely to end up with an empty house if I follow her advice? But I'm definitely going to give it a try. 

Автор говорит о том, что он или она определённо собирается попробовать провести уборку по методу Мари Кондо, a значит, вариант ответа № 4 неверен. В тексте перечисляются те предметы, которые автор совершенно точно выбросит, но будет ли их много? Следовательно, вариант ответа № 1 является неверным. Вариант ответа № 2 выглядит соответствующим подчёркнутому фрагменту текста (to end up with an empty house). Вариант ответа № 3 нам не подходит, потому что в тексте указываются только три категории вещей, которые, возможно, больше не приносят радости автору текста. 

Вывод: правильный ответ на вопрос 18 — № 2.   

HELP

Ирина Папахина

  Наконец мы проверяем правильность наших ответов, объясним для себя, почему оставшиеся варианты ответа являются неверными. Проверим ещё раз, правильно ли мы внесли ответы в таблицу. Затем можно перенести наши ответы в бланк ответов № 1. 

Ирина Папахина

TEXT VOCABULARY

https://student.vznaniya.ru/home/lesson/6665195/Remember?slug=0BcyTy2h&onlypreview=true

ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ 

Прочитайте отрывок из текста об увлечениях молодёжи видеоиграми и выполните задание.  

Ever since Pong, videogames have outperformed teachers in one key way: They command attention for hours. "Games are exceptionally good at engaging kids,"  says Quest's main designer Katie Salen, a game designer and technology professor at the New School University. "They drop kids into complex problems where they fail and fail, but they try again and again." She knew, though, that when kids face tough problems in school, they sometimes just give up, which is partly why only a third of eighth-graders earn “proficient” math scores on national assessment tests.

The word they in this paragraph refers to ... 

1) students. 

2) teachers. 

3) games. 

4) tests. 

Ответ:

CHECK

3

Ирина Папахина

2. Прочитайте отрывок из текста о детских воспоминаниях автора и выполните задание.  

The townhouse neighborhood I called home when I was a little girl was a jampacked street. We had more than 250 houses on my block alone. One of the things my mom loved about that house was its tiny yard. 

My mother does not have a green bone in her body . She has killed every herb garden my sister and I have ever given her. So my mother was thrilled that our front yard was the size of a postage stamp. It, like every other yard on the block, only needed to be trimmed once a month to look good. And yet, every Monday and Thursday at 7:30 a.m., the city-contracted landscaping team would drive down our street and unload two or three industrial mowers and go to work on the little patches of public grass around mail boxes and trees. 

The phrase does not have a green bone in her body in paragraph 5 ("My mother does not have a green bone in her body ") is closest in meaning to ...

1) is not good at gardening. 

2) does not eat greens. 

3) does not look after her garden. 

4) hates planting flowers. 

Ответ :

CHECK

1

Ирина Папахина

3. Прочитайте отрывок из текста о молодой учительнице математики и выполните задание.

Her colleagues worry that the young math teacher could burn out . Hagan admits — sometimes — the work wears her down: "Yeah, there're days when I complain. And the people I complain to think I’m insane because I haven't left this place. But these kids deserve better." 

The verb burn out is closest in meaning to ...

1) change her mind. 

2) get exhausted. 

3) leave a job. 

4) become ill. 

Ответ: 

CHECK

2

Ирина Папахина

4. Прочитайте отрывок из того же текста и выполните задание. 

The 25-year-old Sara teaches at Drumright High School in Oklahoma. The faded oil town is easy to miss. Fewer than 3,000 people live there, and the highway humps right around it. There are no stoplights, no movie theater and no bowling alley anymore. Just a clutch of small houses and hearty businesses such as a funeral home. 

The place Sara Hagan's works in can be best described as ...

1) promising. 

2) crowded. 

3) depressive. 

4) uninhabited. 

Ответ : 

CHECK

3

Ирина Папахина

5. Прочитайте отрывок из того же текста и выполните задание. 

That makes it hard enough to attract good teachers, says Judd Matthes, Hagan's principal. But it gets worse. "We don't pay a lot in Oklahoma for beginning teachers," he says, laughing. Matthes wonders why a National Merit Scholar who had gotten a full ride to the top-notch university would want to start her teaching life in a place like that. 

What does Sarah Hagan's principal think about her starting work at Drumright? 

1) He is worried. 

2) He is surprised. 

3) He is critical. 

4) He is skeptical. 

Ответ: 

CHECK

2

Ирина Папахина

Прочитайте следующий абзац из текста о летних студенческих каникулах и выберите правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос. Подчеркните ключевые слова, которые помогли вам выбрать ответ. 

Whether you're a first grader proud of the fact you survived your first year of full-day education or a grad student desperate for a study break, summer vacation means one thing to everybody: sleeping in on weekday mornings. There is no alarm to hit at 6:30 and no bus to chase after. And while days might be filled with summer jobs and day camp, those never seem to start quite as early. 

What does the author like about summer holidays? 

1) Working at a day camp. 

2) Having a summer job. 

3) Getting up later. 

4) Having no classes. 

Ответ : 

CHECK

3

Summer vacation means one thing to everybody: sleeping in on weekday mornings

Ирина Папахина

Прочитайте следующий отрывок из того же текста и выберите правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос. Подчеркните ключевые слова, которые помогли вам выбрать ответ. 

So why is there a conspiracy working against students the minute the final bell rings and the last exam is turned in? And the culprit is visible in any given apartment complex, condo community or public park: landscapers . 

I have lived in many towns and in homes of different shapes and sizes in my short. 23 years on Earth. And yet, no matter where I call home, I am faced with the same hardship: trying to sleep in on lazy, summer mornings while the lawn mowers are hard at work on public and private yards. 

The word landscaper means ...

1) a person who owns or rents a small piece of land and grows crops, keeps animals. etc. on it. 

2) an artist who paints pictures showing a natural scene of land or the countryside. 

3) a specialist who make changes to improve the appearance of an area of land. 

4) a professional who makes maps — drawings of the Earth's surface or part of that surface. 

Ответ :

CHECK

3

the lawn mowers are hard at work on public and private yards

Ирина Папахина

8. Прочитайте тот же абзац текста из задания 7 ещё раз и выберите правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос. Подчеркните ключевые слова, которые помогли вам выбрать ответ. 

So why is there a conspiracy working against students the minute the final bell rings and the last exam is turned in? And the culprit is visible in any given apartment complex, condo community or public park: landscapers . 

I have lived in many towns and in homes of different shapes and sizes in my short. 23 years on Earth. And yet, no matter where I call home, I am faced with the same hardship: trying to sleep in on lazy, summer mornings while the lawn mowers are hard at work on public and private yards. 

What is the author complaining about mentioning the landscapers? 

1) The quality of their work. 

2) The noise they make. 

3) The plants they tend to. 

4) The size of the yards. 

Ответ : 

2

CHECK

the lawn mowers are hard at work on public and private yards

Ирина Папахина

Прочитайте заключительные абзацы из того же текста и выберите правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос. 

I am not so selfish that I don't understand why mowers work in the morning. Landscapers have multiple customers to serve on any given day, and the earlier they start the earlier they can be done. Plus, it is cooler in the morning, and preferable, rather than at noon when the sun is high in the sky. But students work hard all year and look forward to a break from books, tests and alarm clocks. 

So, in order to find a common ground between landscapers and students, I send this challenge out into the universe: whoever can build a silent lawn mower will get my undying gratitude, love and affection and whatever else they want, I promise! 

What would be the best solution to the problem, according to the author? 

1) Special agreement with landscapers. 

2) Invention of a soundless mower. 

3) Houses without yards. 

4) Student protests. 

Ответ:

CHECK

2

Ирина Папахина

10. Прочитайте отрывок из текста под заголовком "Just how golden is silence?" о современных гаджетах и о том, как они повлияли на общение людей, и ответьте на поставленный вопрос. 

Of course, being quiet is entirely appropriate in a number of situations. However, the small talk which develops into a great conversation is at risk of being phased out by easily accessible 3g! After аЙ, it is the opportunity to totally relax and engage with our peers, as well as the exciting possibilities that just might arise from a polite *How are you?', that should remain truly golden. 

What is the author's message, as stated in the paragraph? 

1) Try not to make noise. 

2) Find good 3G connection. 

3) Spend more time with friends. 

4) Do not be afraid of small talk. 

Ответ : 

CHECK

4

Ирина Папахина

По окончании выполнения заданий 10-18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1 ! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов . Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.   

Ирина Папахина

ТИПОВЫЕ ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ 

Ирина Папахина