Game techniques aimed at developing orientation in the world around preschoolers with TNR.

Game techniques aimed at developing orientation in the world around preschoolers with TNR

Preschool age is a period of active knowledge of the world, the formation of basic ideas about space, time, social relations and other aspects of the surrounding reality. For children with severe speech disorders, this process can be fraught with additional difficulties, since their impairment often affects not only speech development, but also cognitive functions, including orientation in the outside world.

Well-chosen game techniques become a powerful tool in the hands of teachers and parents, helping children with TNR successfully master this area. Play, by its very nature, is the leading activity of a preschooler, so it is through it that the most effective learning and correction takes place.

The importance of developing orientation in the world around you

Proper orientation in the outside world for a child with TNR is not only a household necessity, but also a foundation for further development.:

• Socialization: Understanding one's place in space, knowing one's home, street, and kindergarten promotes safe autonomous behavior and interaction with society.

• Speech development: Coherent speech, the ability to describe events, transmit information – all this is closely related to ideas about time, space and sequence of actions.

• Cognitive development: Well-developed orientation makes it easier for a child to establish cause-and-effect relationships, understand patterns, and classify objects and phenomena.

• Independence: The ability to navigate in space and time allows the child to perform simple household activities independently, which increases his self-esteem and self-confidence.

Game techniques: the key to success

When working with children with TNR, it is important to take into account the individual characteristics of each child, his level of speech and cognitive development. Game techniques should be:

• Visual: Using real objects, pictures, and toys.

Multisensory: The inclusion of various types of perception in the game – visual, auditory, tactile, motor.

• Stimulating: Creating situations that encourage the child to be active and explore.

• Repetitive: Repeated repetition of the same actions and instructions in a playful way.

• Taking into account the speech load: Dosed use of speech, clear and concise instructions, emphasis on keywords.

1. Games for the development of spatial orientation

Spatial orientation includes understanding concepts such as "top-bottom", "front-back", "left-right", "near-far", as well as the ability to navigate on a piece of paper and in the surrounding area.

• "Build a tower/house": A child builds a structure following the instructions of an adult ("put a cube on a red cube", "put a yellow one on top"). Later, you can ask the child to give instructions himself.

• "Find a toy": An adult hides a toy in a room and gives instructions: "Toy behind the sofa", "Toy under the table", "Toy to the right of the chair".

• "Maze passing": Simple mazes on paper or "live" mazes, when the child walks along a path drawn or laid out on the floor, following the instructions.

• "Draw a house/flower": Orientation on a piece of paper. "Draw the sun at the top of the leaf", "flower at the bottom", "tree in the middle".

• "What has changed?": Placing several toys on the table, then asking the child to turn away. The adult changes the location of the toys (swaps, removes, adds) and asks the child to tell them what has changed.

2. Time orientation development games

Time orientation is an understanding of the change of days of the week, time of day, seasons, and sequence of events.

• "Morning-afternoon-evening-night": Using images corresponding to different parts of the day. "When do we have breakfast?", "When do we go to bed?". You can use a toy clock to show the time of day.

• "What happened before, what will happen after?": The use of plot pictures that need to be laid out in the correct sequence (for example, "a caterpillar eats a leaf", "turns into a chrysalis", "a butterfly flies out").

• "Days of the week": Using a "magic calendar" or a set of cards with the days of the week. "Today is Monday, and what day will be tomorrow?"

• "Seasons": Pictures with the appropriate signs of the seasons. "When does it snow?", "When do the leaves appear on the trees?".

• "Daily routine": The use of images showing routine moments (breakfast, walk, sleep, lunch). "What do we do after our walk?"

3. Games to get to know the social environment and everyday objects

• "My Family": Photos of family members, discussion of roles and responsibilities. "Who's Mom?", "Who's Dad?".

• "House": A mock-up of a house, doll furniture, toy people. "Where does the Bear sleep?", "Where does the family dine?".

• "People in the profession": Pictures with representatives of different professions, discussion of their activities, tools. "Who treats people?", "Who sews clothes?".

• "Recognize by sound": The use of sounds made by various objects or animals. "Who says that?", "What object makes that sound?".

• "What is needed for what?": Various items and their purpose. "How do we cut bread?", "What are we sitting on?".

4. Orientation games in your own body

• "Show me": "Show me your nose", "Show me your right ear", "Show me where your knee is".

• "Mirror": The child repeats the movements of an adult in front of the mirror.

Methodological recommendations

• Systematic: Orientation development classes should be regular, integrated into daily life and the educational process.

• Individual approach: Take into account the pace of learning of the material by each child, his interests and opportunities.

• Encouragement: Praise the child for any success, even small ones.

• Parental involvement: Explain to parents the importance of developing these skills and provide recommendations on how to strengthen them at home.

The development of orientation in the world around preschoolers with TNR is a difficult but achievable process. Using diverse and purposeful play techniques, teachers and parents can help children with TNR form the necessary ideas, overcome difficulties and discover the richness and versatility of the world around them.