Герундий. Теория и упражнения.

UNIT

75

ГЕРУНДИЙ (1)

1. Формы герундия

Герундий является неличной формой глагола, которая обладает свойствами суще- ствительного и глагола.

Active	doing	having done
Passive	being done	having been done
	Indefinite (выражает действие, происходящее одновременно с действием глагола-сказуемого) She likes interviewing people. She likes being interviewed.	Perfect (выражает действие, которое произошло раньше действия глагола-сказуемого) He regretted having told them the truth. He regretted having been told the truth.

1. Функции герундия в предложении:

   • подлежащее

Reading is useful. Чтение полезно. / Читать полезно.

• дополнение

I like singing. Я люблю пение. / Я люблю петь.

• обстоятельство

On arriving in London he went to the hotel.

• определение

I had the pleasure of reading the book by this author.

• часть сказуемого

Приехав в Лондон, он отправился в гостиницу. / Когда он приехал

в Лондон, он отправился в гостиницу.

Я с удовольствием прочел книгу этого автора.

His hobby is reading adventure books. Его хобби — чтение приключенческих

романов.

1. После глаголов forget, remember, deny, excuse, thank, regret для выражения прош- лого часто употребляется Indefinite Gerund:

They regret going to the party.

• После глаголов need, want, require, deserve и притяжательного worth употреб-

ляется Active Gerund, хотя значение пассивное. My shoes need repairing.

1. Употребление притяжательных местоимений с формами герундия для указания на субъект действия

I don’t mind opening the window. Я не возражаю против того,

чтобы открыть окно.

I don’t mind his (him) opening

the window

Я не возражаю против того, чтобы

он открыл окно.

Why do you insist on leaving? Почему вы настаиваете на отъезде? Why do you insist on her leaving? Почему вы настаиваете на ее отъезде?

^EXERCISES UNIT

75

1. Употребите герундий в функции подлежащего.

It’s very convenient to go there by car. Going there by car is very convenient.

75.1

1. It’s so uncomfortable to sleep on the floor. ...............................................................................

2. It’s great to meet old friends. ...................................................................................................

3. It’s impolite to speak in a loud voice. .......................................................................................

4. It’s always useful to think.........................................................................................................

5. It’s boring to clean the flat. ......................................................................................................

6. It’s interesting to teach. ..........................................................................................................

7. It’s exciting to travel to other countries. ...................................................................................

8. It’s simple to give advice. ........................................................................................................

9. It’s not always clever to take other people’s advice. ..................................................................

10. It’s inconvenient to have much luggage. ..................................................................................

11. It wasn’t easy to follow the man. ..............................................................................................

12. It made him nervous to speak before a large audience. .............................................................

Употребите герундий в форме страдательного залога.

I like visiting other people. I like being visited by other people.

I don’t mind sending him there. I don’t mind being sent there.

75.2

1. I avoid visiting strangers. ........................................................................................................

2. I remember asking him for help. ..............................................................................................

3. He was tired of asking questions. ............................................................................................

4. I’m looking forward to showing them the place. .......................................................................

5. The manager objects to doing this work now. ..........................................................................

6. They insist on letting him in. ...................................................................................................

7. I avoid asking for help. ............................................................................................................

8. Do you mind telling us how to do it? ........................................................................................

9. Why are you afraid of asking him questions? ............................................................................

10. Why do you object to showing them the letter? ........................................................................

11.

I don’t mind leaving him alone.

...............................................................................................

12. He objected to forcing me to do it. ...........................................................................................

Постройте предложения по образцу, употребляя герундий.

I can phone him. I don’t mind it. I don’t mind phoning him.

You can phone him. I don’t mind. I don’t mind your phoning him.

75.3

1. She can come later. We don’t mind. ........................................................................................

2. I will help him. I don’t mind. ....................................................................................................

3. They can visit me. I don’t mind. ..............................................................................................

4. You can turn on the volume. I don’t mind. ................................................................................

5. Can I turn on the TV set? Do you mind? ...................................................................................

6. Can you switch off the light? Do you mind? ..............................................................................

7. Can she talk to him? Do you mind? .........................................................................................

8. Can I tell them about the plan? Do you mind? ..........................................................................

9. She can take the papers. I don’t mind. .....................................................................................

10.

They can play together. I don’t mind.

......................................................................................

UNIT

76

ГЕРУНДИЙ (2)

1. Герундий употребляется после следующих глаголов и выражений:

to mind doing	Do you mind opening the door?
to keep doing	She kept laughing.
to avoid doing	Avoid walking alone in the dark.
to deny doing	He denies robbing the bank.
to imagine doing	Just imagine spending a holiday there.
need doing	The floor needs washing.
can’t help doing	I couldn’t help laughing.
to be worth doing	The exhibition is worth visiting.
to feel / not to feel like doing	I don’t feel like talking.
It’s no use doing	It was no use speaking with him.
what’s the use of?	What’s the use of arguing?
to be used to doing	He is used to getting up late.
to be fond of	I’m fond of swimming.
to be tired of	I’m tired of waiting.
to be (in)capable of	He is capable of doing the work.
to be interested in	He is interested in talking to you.
there are a lot of ways of doing	There are a lot of ways of doing it.
his manner (way, habit) of doing	I hate his manner of speaking.

1. Герундий употребляется после следующих предлогов:

before	Please phone me before coming.
after	After talking to him let me know.
on	On arriving in the city he went to the hotel.
without	He sat down without saying anything.

1. Герундий употребляется после следующих глаголов с предлогами:

to go on	He went on speaking.
to dream of	I’m dreaming of spending a week at the sea.
to look forward to	I’m looking forward to seeing them.
to give up	She gave up smoking.
to object to	I object to your coming late.
to insist on	He insists on leaving.

^EXERCISES UNIT

76

Перефразируйте предложения, используя данные глаголы и выражения.

Don’t drive in rainy weather. Avoid driving in rainy weather.

76.1

to avoid

to be fond of it’s no use

to have a habit of to deny

to imagine to keep

to imagine to deny

to keep It’s no use to enjoy to avoid

there are many ways of to be in the habit of

1. I think it’s great to swim in cold water. ................................................

2. It’s useless to speak with him. ............................................................

3. He always interrupts people. ..............................................................

4. He says he didn’t see Jack on Friday. .................................................

5. I can’t live without music. ...................................................................

6. He is still talking. ...............................................................................

7. Just suppose that you live in a big house. ...........................................

8. The man says he didn’t steal anything. ...............................................

9. She repeats the same thing all the time. ..............................................

10.

It’s useless to phone him.

..................................................................

11. I always play tennis on Sunday with pleasure. .....................................

12. I try not to meet him. .........................................................................

13. You can learn a foreign language in different ways. ..............................

14. He always listens to loud music. .........................................................

Переделайте предложения, употребляя герундий с предлогом.

on

on before on after on before on after on

on

He read the letter and hid it. On reading the letter he hid it.

76.2

1. She said it and turned red. .................................................................

1. First read the instruction and then open the box. .................................

2. When I came to London I decided to call on my friend at once. ............

4. He took a decision and felt better. ......................................................

5. He entered the room and greeted everybody. ......................................

6. First read the book then see the film. ..................................................

7. He left the house and took a taxi. ........................................................

8. He did his morning exercises and then took a shower. .........................

9. He arrived at the airport and checked in. .............................................

10.

He bought a ticket and got on the train.

..............................................

Постройте предложения при помощи can’t help doing.

The story was funny. He He couldn’t help laughing.

76.3

to laugh

to shout

to be angry

to tell him the truth to smile

tear it

to put it on at once to buy it

1. She was so irritated that she ............................................................. .

2. Jack’s behaviour was so awful that I ................................................. .

3. He is my friend, so I ......................................................................... .

4. The man was so pleasant that she .................................................... .

5. The letter was so disrespectful that she ............................................. .

6. The dress was so nice that the girl .................................................... .

7. The bag is so cheap that I ................................................................ .

Постройте предложения, употребляя need doing.

The dishes are dirty. They need washing.

76.4

to wash to repair to discuss

to dry-clean to dry

to do

to finish

1. The car has broken down. ..................................................................

2. The question is difficult. .....................................................................

3. The suit is dirty. .................................................................................

4. The clothes are wet. ..........................................................................

5. The work is urgent. ............................................................................

6. The story has no end. ........................................................................

UNIT

76

EXERCISES

Постройте предложения, употребляя worth doing.

the exhibition, to visit The exhibition is worth visiting.

76.5

1. the book, to read ....................................................................................................................

2. the film, to see ........................................................................................................................

3. the question, to discuss ..........................................................................................................

4. the subject, to study ...............................................................................................................

5. the country, to visit .................................................................................................................

Постройте предложения, употребляя without doing.

You can’t do this work and not get your clothes dirty.

You can’t do this work without getting your clothes dirty.

76.6

1. He didn’t say anything when he was leaving. ............................................................................

2. She didn’t greet anybody when she entered. ............................................................................

3. He didn’t ask permission but just sat down. .............................................................................

4. When she was speaking she didn’t even turn her head. .............................................................

5. He listened carefully and didn’t interrupt me. ...........................................................................

6. The man sat down and didn’t take off his hat. ...........................................................................

7. It’s difficult to sit for a long time if you can’t move. ...................................................................

8. The child was playing with his toys and didn’t pay attention to what was going on. .....................

Соедините предложения, употребив герундий. ^76.7

I want to get this information. I’m interested in it. I’m interested in getting this information.

1. Steve has a dream. He wants to have a house in the country. ....................................................

2. Let’s phone him at once. I insist on it. ......................................................................................

3. Why must we go there? What’s the use of it? ...........................................................................

4. I often eat at restaurants. I’m fond of it. ....................................................................................

5. We’ll meet him soon and we are looking forward to it. ...............................................................

6. Mark couldn’t hurt the child. He is incapable of it. .....................................................................

7. I don’t ride my bike in the park any more. I’ve given it up. .........................................................

8. Let’s go by plane. I don’t object. ..............................................................................................

9. Susan can’t stay here anymore. She is tired. ............................................................................

10. Barbara likes playing tennis. She is fond of it. ...........................................................................

Переделайте предложения, употребив go on doing.

Let him read further. Let him go on reading.

76.8

1. He greeted us and translated the text further. ...........................................................................

2. Though a police car was following him he drove on. .................................................................

3. Nobody was listening but he spoke and spoke. ........................................................................

4. I wouldn’t like to argue any more. ............................................................................................

5. Though he was tired and cold he swam and swam. ..................................................................

Переделайте предложения, употребив to be used to doing.

I always jog in the morning. I’m used to jogging in the morning.

76.9

1. He always reads in bed. ..........................................................................................................

2. They always eat late. ..............................................................................................................

3. Jack always enters the room without knocking. .......................................................................

4. He always looks up all words in a dictionary. ............................................................................

5. Winifred always tells lies. ........................................................................................................

^EXERCISES UNIT

76

Переведите. 76.10

1

1. Хорошо быть счастливым.

2. Я не против того, чтобы меня критиковали.

3. Он занят. Он разговаривает по телефону.

4. Она избегает встречаться со мной.

5. Ребенок с нетерпением ждет похода в зоопарк.

6. Почему вы настаиваете на том, чтобы она вернулась?

7. Он продолжил писать, не глядя на нас.

8. Мне нравится играть в теннис.

9. Эту информацию нужно проверить.

10. Есть разные способы, чтобы объяснить ему, что он не прав.

2

1. Мне не хочется выходить из дома.

2. Придя домой, он сразу позвонил родителям.

3. К сожалению, он не способен запомнить сразу столько слов.

4. Неужели она бросила танцевать?

5. Он взял эти бумаги, не спросив разрешения.

6. Поговорить с ним очень интересно.

7. Я возражаю против того, чтобы со мной так разговаривали.

8. Какой смысл обсуждать это сейчас?

9. Я с нетерпением жду, когда меня представят этому человеку.

10. Эту передачу стоит посмотреть.

3

1. Я не привык к тому, чтобы мне говорили, что делать.

2. Его манера есть раздражает всех.

3. Я не против того, чтобы он позвонил мне.

4. Я устал от того, что она всем недовольна.

5. Он отрицает, что ходил туда.

6. Он вышел из зала, не дожидаясь окончания спектакля.

7. Он достиг многого упорным трудом.

8. Я люблю слушать музыку.

9. Он бросил искать работу в этом городе.

10. Траву надо подстричь.

4

1. Вы заинтересованы в том, чтобы получить эту работу?

2. Прежде чем пользоваться этим феном, прочти инструкцию.

3. Грабители забрались в дом, разбив окно.

4. Я привык жить в большом городе.

5. Я боюсь, что она сделает это в любом случае.

6. Вы возражаете против того, чтобы мы присоединились к вам.

7. Она настояла на том, чтобы заплатить за покупки.

8. Тебе не хочется переехать в другое место?

9. Нет смысла волноваться сейчас.

10. Не стоит брать такси.