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Правило употребления прошедшего времени в английском языке и задания для закрепления с ключами.

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«Глагол в прошедшем времени»

THE PAST CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENSE

ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ

I (he, she, it) was calling.

You (we, they) were calling.

I (he, she, it) was beingcalled.

You (we, they) were being called.

ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Was I (he, she, it) calling?

Were you (we, they) calling?

Was I (he, she, it) beingcalled?

Were you (we, they) being called?

ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ

I (he, she, it) was not calling.

You (we, they) were not calling.

I (he, she, it) was not being called.

You (we, they) were not being called.


СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ 
THE PAST CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) TENSE

№ 
п/п

СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ

ПРИМЕР

1

Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходившее в определенный момент в прошлом

Yesterday at 6 o’clock I was writing a letter. 
Вчера в 6 часов я писал письмо.

2

Действие, протекавшее в момент, когда произошло какое-либо другое действие, выраженное в Past Simple (в придаточных предложениях, обычно начинающихся со слова whenкогда)

He was reading a book when I entered the room. 
Он читал книгу, когда я вошел в комнату.

3

Параллельные действия в прошлом (в придаточных предложениях времени, обычно начинающихся со слова whileпока, в то время как)

was watching TV while he was looking through the newspapers. 
Я смотрел телевизор, в то время как он просматривал газеты.

4

Действие, протекавшее в ограниченный период (когда в предложении подчеркивается длительность процесса), часто со словами all day long весь деньthe whole month целый месяц и т. д.

was talking to him from 7 till 8 o’clock last night. 
Я разговаривал с ним вчера вечером с 7 до 8 часов.



THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ

I (he, she, it, we, you, they) had called.

I (he, she, it, we, you, they) had been called.

ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Had I (he, she, it, we, you, they) called?

Had I (he, she, it, we, you, they) been called.

ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ

I (he, she, it, we, you, they) had not called.

I (he, she, it, we, you, they) had not beencalled.


СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ

ПРИМЕР

Действие или состояние, завершившееся до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент определяется либо обстоятельством времени с предлогом by к, либо другим действием или состоянием в прошлом, которое произо-шло позже и выражается глаголом в Past Simple

Yesterday by 7 o'clock I had translatedthe text. 
Вчера к 7 часам я перевел текст.

had had breakfast before he came. 
Я позавтракал до того, как он пришел.



THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

ТИП ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОЕ

I (he, she, it, you, we, they) had been calling.

НЕ СУЩЕСТВУЕТ

ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЕ

Had I (he, she, it, you, we, they)been calling?

ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЕ

I (he, she, it, you, we, they) had not been calling.


СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ

ПРИМЕР

Выражает длительное действие или состояние, которое началось ранее другого действия или состояния, выражаемого обычно формой Past Simple, и при наступлении этого действия или состояния все еще некоторое время продолжалось или было прервано. При этом указывается либо весь период действия или состояния (обычно с предлогом for в течение, уже), либо начальный момент (обычно с предлогом since с)

had been writing a letter for 2 hours when he came. Я писал письмо уже 2 часа, когда он пришел.

had been reading this book since 3 o'clock when he came. Я читал эту книгу с 3 часов, когда он пришел.



Упражнение 1.

Вставьте правильную форму глагола.

  1. She (to write) a letter at 6 p.m last evening.

  2. Her father (to go) to the art gallery when he (to meet) her mother.

  3. At 8.20 yesterday morning my mother (to drive) me to the university.

  4. They (to sit) at the café at that time.

  5. She (to study) in the library when they suddenly called.

 Упражнение 2.

Вставьте правильную форму глагола.

  1. We had a family evening yesterday. My grandfather and my father (to play) chess, while my grandmother (to knit). My mother (to cleaning) while I and my brother (to read).

  2. I (to walk) on the street, when I (to see) a man fell. I called the emergency and (to wait) for help. I (to sit) near the man, when the medicals arrived.

  3. Tony and Ann (to ride) through the forest. The sun (to shine) bright and the birds (to sing) beautifully.

 Упражнение 3.

Вставьте слова в правильной форме.

  1. Tom (to walk) home when the storm (to begin).

  2. What (you \ to read) when they came in?

  3. While I (to dig) in the garden, I (to hurt) my arm.

  4. I (to wait) for my flight yesterday morning.

  5. How fast (she\to drive) when the accident (to happen)?

  6. We (to have) a dinner when she called.

  7. At 10.35 we (to play) tennis in the club.

 Упражнение 4.

Преобразуйте предложение, используя слова  «as, while, when».

  1. Kim was crossing the street. He saw Jane.

  2. I was serving the table. She dropped a glass.

  3. She was driving home. The engine broke down.

  4. Jake and Kiley were leaving the shop. The police officer stopped them.

  5. The children were playing. Their mother was cooking.

 Упражнение 5.

Переведите на английский язык.

  1. В прошлый вторник в 5 часов вечера у них была конференция.

  2. Мы накрывали на стол, когда приехали гости.

  3. Я уже спал, когда услышал стук в дверь.

  4. Он шел по дороге, когда поскользнулся на шкурке банана.

  5. Мама готовила, пока я делал уроки.

  6. Он читал контракт, когда позвонил его босс.

Упражнение 1.

Раскройте скобки.

  1. I just (to come) home when Mike (to call).

  2. I (to book) the table before we (to go) to the cafe.

  3. Jenny had a terrible pain in her leg. She (to injure) it in a car accident.

  4. John (to leave) the place by the time my mother (to return) from work.

  5. When they (to arrive) the registration for their flight (already/to begin)

  6. They (to be) late because they (to get) the tyre flat.

  7. The team (already/to play) half of the game when we (to arrive) at the stadium.

Упражнение 2.

Раскройте скобки.

Mary worked as a doctor. 1.  She (to arrive) at the hospital and (to have) to check the patients. At room 6 there was Mrs. Wirt. 2.  She (to had) a car accident and (to broke) her arm. 3. Her neighbor — Mrs. Lauren — (to fall) from the stairs and (to injure) her leg. Now she had to spend several weeks here. 4.And Mr. Spank (to get) poisoned with bad food. Mary was a doctor to all these people. 5.  She (to take) the decision to become a therapist before she (to turn) 6 years old.

Упражнение 3.

Раскройте скобки.

  1. She (to have) a training by the time her friend’s classes (to end).

  2. John (to tell) me that he (to buy) a very interesting book the day before.

  3. Jane (to present) the song she (to write) several months before.

  4. By the time we (to get) to the station, the train (already/ to leave).

  5. Mother (to sent) him to the bathroom as he (not/to wash) his hands before.

  6. I (to spend) 4 years in college before I (to find) a well-paid job.

  7. He (to miss) the start of the film as he (to get) stuck in a traffic jam.

 

Упражнение 4.

Поставьте глагол в правильную форму.

  1. The teacher (to understand) that Lily (not/to do) her homework.

  2. The children (to put away) all their toys before mother (to arrive).

  3. The rain (already/to end) before we (to set off) for the journey.

  4. The whole family was sitting in the room. Grandmother was telling that my aunt (finally/to finish) decorating the house by June.

  5. She (to eat) all the chocolates before they (to have) a dinner.

  6. Melisa (to tell) that she (to find) a good recipe for the dinner.

  7. By the time I (to wake up) my sister (already/come back) from her morning training.

Упражнение 5.

Переведите предложения.

  1. Я покушала прежде, чем они вернулись домой.

  2. Когда приехала мама, мы уже подготовили подарки.

  3. Мария сказала, что уже купила все подарки.

  4. Когда я пришла домой, то узнала, что кто-то оставил мне письмо.

  5. Когда я пошел на прогулку, дождь уже прекратился.

 Ответы:

Упражнение 1.

  1. Had come, called.

  2. Had booked, went.

  3. Had injured.

  4. Had left, returned.

  5. Arrived, had already begun.

  6. Were, had got.

  7. Had already played, arrived.

Упражнение 2.

  1. Arrived, had.

  2. Had had, had broken.

  3. Had fallen, had injured.

  4. Had got.

  5. Had taken, turned.

Упражнение 3.

  1. Had had, ended.

  2. Told, had bought.

  3. Presented, had written.

  4. Got, had already left.

  5. Sent, hadn’t washed.

  6. Had spent, found.

  7. Missed, had got.

Упражнение 4.

  1. Understood, hadn’t done.

  2. Had put away, arrived.

  3. Had already ended, set off.

  4. Had finally finished.

  5. Had eaten, had.

  6. Told, had found.

  7. Woke up, had already come back.

 

Упражнение 5.

  1. I had eaten before they got home.

  2. When mother arrived, we had already prepared the gifts.

  3. Maria said that had already bought all the gifts.

  4. When I got home, I discovered that someone had left me a letter.

  5. When I went for a walk, the rain had already stopped.

 Ответы:

Упражнение 1.

  1. Was writing.

  2. Was going, met.

  3. Was driving.

  4. Were sitting.

  5. Was studying.

Упражнение 2.

  1. Were playing, was knitting, was cleaning, was reading.

  2. Was walking, saw, was waiting, was sitting.

  3. Was riding, was shining, were singing.

Упражнение 3.

  1. Was walking, began.

  2. Were you reading.

  3. Was digging, hurt.

  4. Was waiting.

  5. Was she driving, happened.

  6. Were having,

  7. Were playing.

Упражнение 4.

  1. Kim was crossing the street when he saw Jane.

  2. I was serving the table when she dropped a glass.

  3. She was driving home as the engine broke down.

  4. Jake and Kiley were leaving the shop when the police officer stopped them.

  5. The children were playing while their mother was cooking.

Упражнение 5.

  1. They were having a conference last Tuesday at 5 o'clock in the evening.

  2. We were serving the table when guests arrived.

  3. I was already sleeping when I heard a knock at the door.

  4. He was walking down the road when he slipped on the banana skin.

  5. Mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.

  6. He was reading the contract, when his boss called.