History of Engineering

History of Engineering

Exercise 1.Practice pronunciation of the following words and remember them. The stressed part is in bold type.

Engin e ering, inv e ntion, p u lley, wh ee l, c i vil, mech a nical,  e ngine, d i scipline, electr i city, ind u strial, revol u tion, v a cuum, acceler a te, special i zed, ch e mical, w ei ght,  e nergy, t o rque, constr u ction, f ur ther, dev e lopment, des i gn.

Exercise 2. Read and translate the following international words .

Exercise 2. Read and translate the following international words.

Mathematical, technical, principle, modern engineering, constructor, material, electric motor, experiment, positive, negative, vacuum, elements, process, computer engineer, atomic .

Exercise 3. Fill in the comparative and superlative form of each adjective and adverb as in the example.

. Example:  ancient - more ancient - the most ancient

1) modern

2) useful

3) old

4) late

5) far

6) rapid

7) famous

8) well, good

9) successful

10) much

Exercise 4. Match the terms with the definitions below

Electric motor bridge vacuum tube invention search engine

1) service on the internet enabling users to search for items of interest.

2) a device that converts electrical energy to mechanical torque.

3) electron tube containing a cathode, anode, and, usually, one or more additional control electrodes.

4) a structure that gives a passage over a road, railway, river, etc.

5) the discovery or production of some new or improved process or machine

Exercise 5. Match the words and expressions on the left with those on the right.

1) maintenance tools a) быстрый рост

2) military projects b) за границей

3) date back c) прибор, устройство

4) specialized machines d) строения невоенного назначения

5) rapid growth e) массовое производство

6) civilian structures f) специализированный станок

7) mass production g) область, сфера

8) Field h) военный проект

9) abroad i) датироваться

10) device j) эксплуатационный инструмент

Exercise 6 Read the text and tell what inventions were made in different fields of Engineering.

History of Engineering

Engineering has existed since ancient times when humans made inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is important for the modern engineering, using basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.

The term engineering dates back to 1325, when an engineer (one who operates an engine) originally referred to “a constructor of military engines.” The word “engine” is of even older Latin origin, ingenium, meaning “invention.” Later, as the design of civilian structures such as bridges and buildings developed, the term civil engineering distinguished between the construction of such non-military projects and the older discipline of military engineering .

Exercise 10. Put in a/an or the .

1) a. This house is very nice. Has it got … garden?

b. It's a beautiful day. Let's sit in … garden.

c. I like living in this house but it's a pity that … garden is so small.

2) a. Can you recommend … good restaurant?

b. We had dinner in … very nice restaurant.

c. We had dinner in … most expensive restaurant in town.

3) a. She has … French name but in fact she's English, not French.

b. What's … name of that man we met yesterday?

c. We stayed at a very nice hotel - I can't remember … name now.

4) a. There isn't … airport near where I live. … nearest airport is 70 miles away.

b. Our plane was delayed. We had to wait at … airport for three hours.

c. Excuse me, please. Can you tell me how to get to … airport?

5) a. “Are you going away next week?” “No, … week after next.”

b. I'm going away for … week in September.

c. George has a part-time job. He works three mornings … week.