History of the dairy farming

Тема:dairy farming

ГБПОУ МО Сергиево-Посадский колледж

Подготовила: Демиденко Александра,студентка 4 курса, группы 32-Вет, по специальности Ветеринария

Teacher Dzhym Natasha

Dairy farming is a type of agriculture for long-term production of milk that is processed (either on a farm or in a dairy plant, any of which can be called dairy) for the subsequent sale of a dairy product.

HISTORY OF DAIRY FARMING

Humans didn’t always drink the milk of another species. After childhood (which is when all other mammals stop drinking milk) our ancient ancestors simply couldn’t digest it, and even today most adults worldwide still do not produce the enzyme lactase which is needed to digest the milk sugar, lactose.

However, most Europeans do have this gene, and this genetic change in homo sapiens came into being around 7,500 years ago. With the ability to actually digest the white stuff without getting sick, their health improved, largely for two reasons. First, it meant that communities were no longer quite so reliant on crops that could fail, and second, milk was less likely to harm them than their local contaminated water supplies.

The co-evolution of milk tolerance and dairy-farming went hand-in-hand until today when there are 264 million cows in dairy farms all over the world. And yet, almost 100 percent of people with Asian, African and Native American ancestry develop lactose intolerance by adulthood, while in black communities, the incidence is over 70 percent. Those who do consume dairy can experience bloating, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, and they may not even know what is causing it.

WHERE IS DAIRY FARMING MOST COMMON?

India has the greatest number of dairy cows –  almost 60 million.  The European Union has the second largest number, and then comes Brazil and the United States.

Although India has the most cows, the European Union collectively produces twice the amount of milk. The United States comes second, with just under  100 million metric tons  of milk produced each year.

Dairy production

Milk is used to produce butter, lactic acid products, ice cream, finally. Milk consists of: water, proteins, fats, lactose (milk sugar), minerals and trace elements. It contains hormones, microorganisms, vitamins, immune bodies, enzymes, gases and pigments. The special combination of all these components makes milk an irreplaceable food product. Milk is especially necessary for children, since it contains most of the elements necessary for the normal growth and development of the human body. 100 grams of cow's milk contains 69 calories.

Cattle are the main animal species in dairy farms: cows provide more than 500 million tons of world annual milk yield (2014), buffalo - about 100 million tons (mainly in India); annual world production of goat milk - 18 million tons, sheep - 10 million tons.

Goat milk

Goat's milk has played a vital role in medicine since ancient times. Hippocrates used it to heal many patients from consumption. In the mountain resorts of Switzerland, diseases of anemia, rickets and consumption are still treated with the help of goat's milk. For the first time, dairy goats (Saanen and Toggenburg) were brought to Russia by Prince Urusov in 1905 and they held a tasting of goat milk in the Summer Garden of St. Petersburg.

• The chemical composition and properties of goat milk are close to the composition and properties of cow milk. Goat milk has a specific smell and taste, which is the reason for its rejection by some people.

• Goat's milk also differs in composition from both cow's milk and human milk, which should be taken into account when feeding children.

Buffalo milk

Buffalo milk is a creamy dairy product mainly obtained from Asian buffaloes. India and Pakistan produce the most buffalo milk in the world.

• Like cow's milk, buffalo milk has a high nutritional value and is used to make dairy products such as butter, yogurt, cheese and ice cream. Buffaloes are mammals, which means that their mammary glands produce milk to feed their babies. In some countries, they are milked commercially. Although there are many varieties of buffalo, the Asiatic buffalo contributes the most to world milk production.