Индивидуальный проект" Добро пожаловать в Лондон

МКОУ «Новокасторенская СОШ»

Касторенского района Курской области

Проект по английскому языку

«Welcome to London»

(Добро пожаловать в Лондон)

Автор: обучащюаяся 7 класса

Руководитель: Щеглова Е. Н., учитель английского языка

2019 г

1. Основные исторические этапы становления Лондона………5
2. Достопримечательности Лондона……………………………………….6

Список литературы………………………………………………………………………………10

Приложение……………………………………….…………………………………………………11

Работа посвящена замечательному европейскому городу Лондону. Общеизвестно, что Лондон – не только столица Англии, но и один из крупнейших городов мира. Тысячи туристов посещают этот город ежедневно. Наш класс познакомился с этим городом в прошлом году на уроках английского языка. Как много удивительных, интересных памятников истории можно увидеть в этом городе. Лондону более 2000 лет и до сих пор там сохранились памятники, которые связаны с его историей.

Нам захотелось поближе познакомиться с историей этого города, узнать больше о его достопримечательностях.

Цель работы (Aim) :

• систематизировать материал о различных исторических этапах становления Лондона с момента его основания до наших дней и рассказать о достопримечательностях Лондона, связанных с его историей.

• изучить и проанализировать текстовую, аудио- и видеоинформацию о достопримечательностях Лондона, создать на основе полученной информации туристический путеводитель и компьютерную презентацию.

Задачи (Tasks):

1. Научиться обобщать изученный материал по теме;

2. Научиться работать с дополнительной литературой;

3. Описать исторические памятники, сохранившиеся до наших дней;

4. Проанализировать информацию и оставить только самое необходимое;

5. Развивать интерес к языку и традициям страны изучаемого языка;

6. Развивать самостоятельность, творчество, активность;

Объект исследования (Object): город Лондон.

Предмет исследования (Subject matter): достопримечательности Лондона.

Данная тема актуальна по причинам того, что на протяжении всего курса обучения английскому языку мы изучаем Великобританию и конечно же его столицу. Многие, наверно, хотели бы побывать в таком замечательном городе, как Лондон, и я думаю, что собранный нами материал будет полезен как на уроках английского языка, так и просто для ознакомления, как путеводитель по городу. Нами было прочитано много текстов о Лондоне и его достопримечательностях. Несколько миллионов туристов ежегодно приезжают в эту страну. Мы тоже решили совершить «заочное» путешествие по достопримечательностям Лондона и создать собственный туристический путеводитель.

Проблема (Problem):

Нам необходимо из большого объема информации выбрать и систематизировать самый интересный материал на русском и английском языках, и рассказать о достопримечательностях на английском языке.

Методы работы над проектом (Methods):

• Поисковый (поиск информация в сети Интернет, библиотечный фонд, дополнительная литература, видеоматериалы.

• Анализ (отбор важной и интересной информации по теме)

• Синтез (обобщение полученной информации и структурирование)

Ожидаемым результатом проекта будет систематизированная информация по теме « Увлекательный путеводитель по Лондону».

1. Основные исторические этапы становления Лондона.

«Welcome to London».

London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is situated on the both banks of the river Thames. There are 17 bridges across the river. The city is very old, is more than 20 centuries. London is not only the capital of the country; it is also a huge port. Its population is nearly 9 million people.

London has got three parts: the City, the East End, the West End.

The City of London is the oldest part of London. You can see narrow streets and pavements there. There are many offices, firms and banks in this part of London. The City of London is the financial center of the United Kingdom.

The West End is the centre of London. There are many sights in the West End. They are, for example, the Houses of Parliament with Big Ben. It is interesting that the clock “Big Ben” came into service in 1859. It weights 13,5 tons.

The other interesting place is Westminster Abbey, which was founded in 1050. It is situated in the centre of London. Many great Englishmen were buried in the Abbey: Newton, Darwin and others.

The official London residence of the Queen is Buckingham Palace. It was built in the 18^th century.

There are many nice squares in London. Trafalgar Square is one of them and it is in the centre of the West End. One can see a statue of Lord Nelson in the middle of this square.

There are many museums, libraries and galleries in London. The Tate Gallery is one of the well-known galleries in London. Henry Tate was a sugar manufacturer. He was fond of paintings and collected many pictures.

The British Museum is very interesting place in London. It was founded in 1753. The library of this museum has a lot of books.

The East End of London is the district for the working people. There are many factories, workshops, docks there.

There are many cars and buses in London. There is a tube (an underground) in London, too. It is a nice one. The first line was opened in 1870. The old Tube runs across the center. It has got many stations. The London Underground is long. It is about 300 kilometers long and it has got almost 300 Underground stations. The price of tickets is not low. It depends on the distance.

One can say that the City is the money of London, the West End is the goods of London, and the East End is the hands of London.

Глава 2 Достопримечательности Лондона.

Big Ben

Big Ben is one of London's best-known landmarks, and looks most spectacular at night when the clock faces are illuminated. You even know when parliament is in session, because a light shines above the clock face.

The four dials of the clock are 23 feet square, the minute hand is 14 feet long and the figures are 2 feet high.

The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, but to the thirteen ton bell hung within. The bell was named after the first commissioner of works, Sir Benjamin Hall.

This bell came originally from the old Palace of Westminster; it was given to the Dean of St. Paul's by William III. During the Second World War in 1941, an incendiary bomb destroyed the Commons chamber of the Houses of Parliament, but the clock tower remained intact and Big Ben continued to keep time and strike away the hours, its unique sound was broadcast to the nation and around the world.

The tower is not open to the general public, but those with a "special interest" may arrange a visit to the top of the Clock Tower through their local.

The Houses of Parliament

The houses of Parliament in London are the place where members of Parliament gather to make laws. The Palace of Westminster stands on the riverside near Westminster Abbey.

Tourists who visit the Houses of Parliament may sit in the Strangers' Gallery looking down into the Houses of Commons and listen to the debates. All the time Parliament is in session, a flag can be seen over the building. When the House of Commons is still sitting after dark, there is a light over the face of Big Ben. The members of the House of Commons sit on two sides of the hall.

The Speaker is the chairperson at all the debates in the House of Commons, and it is duty to keep order. The Speaker is elected by all the members of the House of Commons. He belongs to one of the political parties in Parliament. He never votes. The chairperson of the House of Lords is Lord Chancellor. He sits on the Woolsack, a large bag of wool covered with red cloth. It shows that wool made England rich.

Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square is a Square in central London and is the most famous square in the world and is one of the Britain"s great tourist attraction. At its center is Nelson" Column which was built to commemorate the victory of Admiral Nelson over the French fleat at the Battle of Trafalgar on the 21st of October 1805. The original name was to have been " King William the Fourth"s Square",but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square".

The present architecture of the square is due to Sir. Charles Barry and was completed in 1845.The National Gallery occupies the North side of the city. On the East side there is South Africa House.

The British Museum

The British Museum and Canada Hous are situated on the West side.

Each year in December, the people of Norway send a gift of an enormous Christmas Tree to Britain which is erected in Trafalgar Square. This is thanks for Britain"s part in liberation during the Second World War.

 The British Museum in London is very huge and filled with fascinating prehistoric objects for one to get carried away with the strange prehistoric world.
The London British Museum is divided into sections. The Ancient Egypt is perhaps the most visited one - it demonstrates each feature of the civilizations of the Nile Valley, from the Neolithic period till the twelfth century AD. Whether you like the past or you don't, there is a small piece for everybody.

Department of Greek and Roman antiques is also widespread. It presents over 1,000 items from the traditional world, ranging from the commencement of the Greek Bronze era.

Madam Tussauds Museum

Madame Tussauds is a museum that contains wax models of famous people. There are numerous galleries such as Pirates of the Caribbean, World leaders, Warhol's women The Royal Family, the Culture zone and the History of London.

Marie Tussaud created her first wax figure, of Voltaire, in 1777. By 1835 Marie had settled down in Baker Street, London, and opened a museum. Madame Tussauds indoor on Baker Stone of the main attractions of her museum was the Chamber of Horrors. This part of the exhibition included victims of the French Revolution and newly created figures of murderers and other criminals.

 Tower Bridge

London is situated on the river Thames about forty miles from its mouth. It is divided into two parts by the river.The most famous bridge in London is a Tower bridge.

The Tower of London

It is one of the most ancient buildings of London. It was founded in the 11th century by William the Conqueror. The Tower of London has been a fortress, a palace, an arsenal, a mint, a prison, an observatory, a zoo, the home of the Crown Jewels and a tourist attraction. It is now a museum of arms and armour, and as one of the strongest fortresses in Britain.

London Eye

 Since opening in March 2000 The Merlin Entertainments London Eye has become a symbol of modern Britain. The London Eye is visited by over 3.5 million people a year.

The wheel carries 32 sealed and air-conditioned egg-shaped passenger capsules. Each 10 tonne capsule holds 25 people, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided.

Список литературы.

1. www.tower-of-london.com
   Лондонский Тауэр. История, легенды, традиции. Виртуальная экскурсия по музею.

2. www.toweroflondontour.com
   Еже одно виртуальное путешествие по Тауэру. Сайт посвящен памяти принцессы Дианы.

3. www.britannia.com/history/hlinks.html
   Ссылки по истории Британии.

4. www.royal.gov.uk/
   Официальный сайт британской монархии. Королевские сокровища. Посетите Букингемский дворец - резиденцию королевы Елизаветы. Королевские дворцы Великобритании.

5. http://www.londoninfocus.com/dostoprimecatelnosti/top

6. http://www.tourister.ru/world/europe/united-kingdom/city/london/placeofinterest/495

7. http://content.foto.mail.ru/mail/demetrios777/_blogs/i-278.jpg

8. http://www.caslall.ru/eng/see/windsor/windsor.php

9. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F

10. Журина Т.Ю. 55 устных тем по английскому языку для школьников 5 – 11 кл. – 2-е изд.. перераб. – М.: Дрофа, 1997. – 160 с.

11. Книга для чтения на английском языке «О Великобритании вкратце» В.В. Ощепкова, И.И. Шустилова. – М.: «Лист», 1997. – 224 с.

12. Школьные экзамены. 1450 экзаменационных билетов и готовых ответов. 11 кл. – М.: Дрофа, 2001. – 848 с.

13. DVD фильм «Путешествие по Европе. Лондон», 90 мин. ООО «Сони ДАДС». Россия.

Приложение 1.