Ivan Krusenstern

"Ivan Fyodorovich Krusenstern "

Ivan Krusenstern is a Russian navigator, writer, discoverer, and traveler. Krusenstern is known as the leader of the expedition that made the first Russian circumnavigation of the world.

CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH

The real name of the great navigator is Adam Johann von Krusenstern. The man was a member of an old German noble family. Adam's father was a judge by profession. The boy was born in the fall of 1770 and became the seventh child in the family. Among the representatives of the Krusenstern dynasty were many prominent figures: Admiral Moritz-Adolf Krusenstern (Adam's uncle), diplomat Philip Crusius. The family lived in Russia. Young Adam was friends with local boys, who changed his name in the Russian manner-Ivan. The boy dreamed of becoming a sailor, like his uncle, who often told his nephew about his adventures.

As a child, Ivan enthusiastically read stories about naval battles. After finishing school in Revel, the young man became a student of the Naval Cadet Corps, which was located in Kronstadt. In this educational institution there were very strict rules, cadets had to live in extremely ascetic conditions. It was not easy for the young nobleman to accept this situation, but in 1787, Adam was promoted to midshipman for his diligence and good studies.

EXPEDITIONS AND FLEETS

• In 1788, the young man completed his training, as the war between Russia and Sweden began. Adam was sent to serve on the Mstislav ship. The young man distinguished himself during the Battle of Eland and during the Battle of Gogland. In 1793, Krusenstern was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. Three years later, the man, together with Yuri Lisyansky, was sent to England.An internship in the UK has become a useful experience for Ivan Krusenstern's professional biography. He was able to enrich not only his knowledge of navigation, but also get acquainted with the customs of the inhabitants of different countries. In 1794, the frigate on which Krusenstern served ran aground near the United States. It was going to be a long repair, so Ivan Fedorovich decided to make closer acquaintances among the residents of America. Rumor has it that Krusenstern may have met with George Washington himself.

Only in 1802, the navigator managed to achieve the desired result. The Emperor of Russia Alexander I himself was interested in this expedition.In his travel notes, Ivan Fyodorovich noted a variety of interesting facts, wrote down geographical features of places. In the navigator's travel journal, you could also find stories about the economy and culture of the countries in which he was lucky enough to visit. The head of the expedition was officially a diplomat and ambassador Nikolai Ryazanov. Riazanov and another nobleman, Fyodor Tolstoy, brought the navigator a lot of trouble and problems. Tolstoy was eccentric and intemperate, which was the cause of constant conflicts on the ship. As a result, the team landed the count in Kamchatka. Riazanov immediately complained about Krusenstern, and his request was granted.

PERSONAL LIFE

• The young man started looking for a bride. The navigator's choice fell on a young girl named Juliana Charlotte von Taube. Juliana's father was a tenant of a county estate. The girl was a complete orphan – her mother died in childbirth, and her father died in 1798. Juliana lived with her older brother,who was her guardian. The beauty received an excellent education, even was fond of Kant's philosophy. However, the beauty and education of Juliana did not make her a worthy match for many young people – the girl did not have a dowry.

Despite the obstacles, they got married, and in the fall of 1801, the couple got married. A year later, they had their first child-the boy was named Otto, but in the family the baby was called Nikolai. The birth of his eldest son coincided with the appointment of Krusenstern as the head of a round-the-world expedition. The authorities had high hopes for the navigator. Krusenstern had to leave his beloved son and young wife. To console his wife, the man called one of the expedition ships "Hope". Krusenstern was happily married. In the following years, the man had five more children-three more sons and two daughters. A large family lived on Cape Ass, in the personal estate of the navigator. It is interesting that later Krusenstern's sons graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Julius, Paul and Emil have built successful careers. Krusenstern Sr. was proud of each of his offspring .

DEATH AND MEMORY

Ivan Fyodorovich died in the summer of 1846 at his estate. The man died of natural causes – the navigator passed away at a very advanced age – he was 75 years old. By order of the emperor, the traveler was buried in Reval. Krusenstern's death caused a huge public outcry in European countries. The obituary about the death of the navigator appeared in many European publications. Krusenstern was an incredibly popular figure in 19th-century Europe. Krusenstern's biographies were in great demand. Krusenstern left behind a rich scientific legacy, which became the basis for the study of maritime affairs in modern universities. Portraits of the great navigator can still be seen in textbooks.

M