Конспект урока
“Holocaust… remember or forget”
11 класс
Разработала
учитель английского языка
МБОУ СОШ №51
Исаева Ольга Николаевна
ЦЕЛЬ: усвоение уроков Холокоста для воспитания толерантного поведения и стремления противостоять насилию и жестокости в современном мире.
ЗАДАЧИ:
Обучающая:
познакомить обучающихся с материалами о Холокосте, как одним из примеров бесчеловечной политики нацистов;
уметь находить причинно-следственные связи и делать выводы;
повысить информационную грамотность учащихся;
продолжить развитие навыков поискового чтения.
Развивающая:
развивать навыки социальной восприимчивости и доверия;
развивать умение выслушивать другого человека, способность к сочувствию, сопереживанию;
развивать коммуникативные навыки;
развивать навыки монологической речи.
Воспитательная:
научить защищать идеи гуманизма;
научить межкультурному пониманию.
ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ:
раздаточный материал;
ватман, фломастеры, акварельные краски;
компьютер, телевизор, мультимедийная презентация.
Ход урока
Организационно-мотивационный этап.
T.: Good morning, children! Take your seats! I think you have heard such words as holocaust, tolerance, anti-Semitism, ghetto, genocide. Do you know the meanings of these words? Take these cards and read these definitions. (Приложение 1) The meaning of the word “holocaust” is given in Russian in order to understand it properly.
2. Актуализация знаний.
T.: Why have we decided to pay attention to this problem? Of course there are some reasons for it. Now read this text and tell me what these reasons are. (Приложение 2)
(Ответы обучающихся)
3 Постановка учебной проблемы.
T.: Nazi propaganda and hate speech against Jews and laws depriving Jewish citizens of their rights – as happened with the “Nuremberg Laws” which, among other things, stripped German Jews of their citizenship – were the first steps which eventually culminated in violence and pogroms. The theme of our lesson is “Holocaust”. Shall we remember or forget it?
4 Открытие нового знания и применение его на практике.
T: Now let’s return in 1930s. In 1921 Adolf Hitler, one of the leaders of National Socialist Labour Party of Germany, considered Jews to blame for the defeat of Germany in its economical devastation and for the aspiration to ruin the democratic regimes in Europe. In his book “Mein Kampf” («Моя борьба») Hitler wrote that “Jews weren’t able to create their own state that is why they use creative energy of other nations and their aim is to enslave more active peoples”. Since 1933 nazists began to restrict the rights of Jews, for example the right on property, education, trade and participation in political life of the country. On the 21st of September in 1939 the secret order written by Reinhard Heidrich was published. According this document Jews had to live in the ghettoes. Their property had to be confiscated. A lot of Jews were sent to the concentration camps where they worked for nothing. Some of them were used for medical experiments. And as a result, all European Jewish people would have to be killed.
The 9th of November 1938 is known all over the world. The nazists called it “Kristallnacht” because of the pieces of broken windows covering the streets in many German cities. In Russian it is «хрустальная ночь». It was rather cynically to give such name to the pogrom.
That day nazi Germany started a pogrom against Jewish people. SA Storm Troops and civilians destroyed more than 8000 Jewish homes and shops, set synagogues on fire, imprisoned, injured and killed Jews across the country.
The “Kristallnacht” pogrom is seen as the symbolic beginning of the systematic eradication of Jewish people which had started with discrimination and exclusion of the German Jews since 1933 and which eventually led to the murder of 6 million Jewish people. Who else would have to be murdered?
(Приблизительные ответы обучающихся:
The so-called “enemies of the German state”: homosexuals, criminals and asocial people, members of diverse religious communities, people with mental disabilities, political “offenders” such as communists and socialists, Spanish republican refugees and minorities like Roma and others.)
As it was said fascists built concentration camps where they exterminated the representatives of the so-called the poorest races. Only on the territory of occupied Poland there were 8 concentration camps.
The most well-known concentration camp is “Ausviz”. Above the gates you can see the motto “Arbeit macht frei”. In Russian it sounds like «Труд делает свободными». Traditionally we call this concentration camp “Osventsim” but it is not correct because Osventsim is a Polish town and the concentration camp “Ausviz” was built near it. It was opened on the 27th of April in 1940 by the order of Henrich Himmler.
It was the biggest concentration camp on the territory of occupied Europe. There were killed more than 1 million 100 thousand of Jews from 27 countries.
I think you have heard about Anne Frank. Anne Frank was a 13-aged girl from Holland. Her diary, one of the most popular and impressive documents about atrocities of fascism, made her name well-known in the world. She and her family hid in the shelter where she wrote her diary. Anne died from typhus on the 12th of March 1945 in German concentration camp Bergen-Belsen. Her father, the only occupant of the shelter who survived, published Anne’s diary in 1947.
"Над Бабьим Яром памятников нет.
Крутой обрыв как грубое надгробье.
Мне страшно. Мне сегодня столько лет,
Как самому еврейскому народу...".
This poem was written by Eugene Evtushenko in 1961. In September 1941 there were mass executions of Jews near Kiev. There is a monument to the victims of fascist genocide in Babiy Yar.
The national memorial of Holocaust, Yard va-Sham is situated in Jerusalem. It was founded in 1953 to remember the Jewish people who were victims of nazism.
There are memorials to the victims of genocide in different cities, for example, in Washington, Budapest, Berlin.
T.: I want you to remember these words.
“Genocide is not against anybody.
Genocide is always against everybody”. Gefter M. Y.
T: There were some people who were not indifferent to the lives of Jew. They helped the Jewish people during the Holocaust. Now they are called the righteous of the world.
“It is important to remember about Holocaust in order to our children will never become victims, executioners or indifferent observers”
I. Bauer
That’s all. Now I want to know what you remember. Let’s do this multiple choice test. You have 3 or 4 minutes.
(Обучающиеся выполняют тест, а потом устно дают правильные ответы) (Приложение 3)
(Ключи: 1. B, 2. A, 3. B, 4. C, 5. A, 6. C, 7. B)
T: Well done. You have a text which advices how to wipe out hate. Read it, then read the sentences below and say if they are true or false. (Приложение 4)
(Ключи: 1. T, 2. F, 3. T, 4. T, 5. F, 6. F, 7. T)
5. Рефлексия (монологические высказывания обучающихся).
T: Now tell us what we should do to wipe out hate. What is your opinion?
(ответы учащихся)
6. Развитие творческих навыков обучающихся.
T: I want you to draw a poster which will appeal to stop hate.
(обучающиеся рисуют постер)
7. Заключение.
T: All over Europe people are fighting hate in their communities and stand up to promote diversity and inclusion. We need to express our attitude, showing loud and clear that fascism is at odds with our values and cannot be tolerated in society. We mustn’t allow the history will be repeated and the Holocaust happened with the silent acceptance and support of the broad majority.
Приложение 1
Холокост - (от греч. holokaustos «сожженный целиком») - гибель значительной части еврейского населения Европы в ходе систематического преследования и уничтожения его нацистами и их пособниками в Германии и на захваченных ею территориях в 1933-45 годы.
Tolerance (от лат. tolerantia – терпение) – quality of tolerating opinions, beliefs, customs, behaviour, etc. different from one’s own.
Anti-Semitism – one of the forms of national intolerance found expression in prejudice against Jews and in hatred of Jews.
Ghetto – in the times of Holocaust Jewish quarter of a town fenced with barbed wire or with walls.
Genocide – extermination of a race or community by mass murder, or by imposing conditions that make survival impossible.
Приложение 2
Text №1
Hatred all throughout Europe is becoming a fatal, daily constant. It appears in many faces – right wing extremism, fascism, extreme nationalism, xenophobia, racism, romaphobia, islamophobia, antisemitism – but it always brings the same poisonous consequences for communities and society at large. Hate not only leads towards violence, discrimination and exclusion, but it is a dangerous threat to democracy and peace as well.
Приложение 3
Test
1. The “Kristallnacht” pogrom was in a) 1933
b) 1938
c) 1939
2. The “Kristallnacht” pogrom is seen as a) the symbolic beginning of the systematic eradication of
the Jewish people.
b) the beginning of discrimination and exclusion of the
German Jews.
c) the beginning of building ghettoes.
3. There were a) 5 concentration camps in Poland.
b) 8
c) 7
4. The motto of Ausviz was a) Jedem das Seine.
b) Abandon.
c) Arbeit Macht Frei.
5. Anne Frank’s diary was called a) “The Shelter”.
b) “The House”.
c) “My Life in the Shelter”.
6. Anne Frank died from a) pneumonia.
b) smallpox.
c) typhus.
7. People who helped Jews are called a) fighters for peace.
b) righteous of the world.
c) guides of the world.
Приложение 4
Text №2
10 STEPS TO WIPE OUT HATE
TAKE ACTION. In the face of hate, silence is deadly. Hatred is an attack against society at large, which tries to tear apart communities along ethnic, religious, cultural, political and supposed racial lines. If you leave hatred unchallenged it will persist and grow, so: Do something!!!
GET UNITED. When one individual protests it has little effect, but if a lot of people protest all together, it does wonders. The secret to sustainable success lies in a broad and diverse coalition from schools and clubs, grassroots organizations, artists and concerned individuals to punk bands and autonomous antifascists groups. By spreading the workload and widening the pool of creative ideas and skills, you will increase both your capacity and impact.
SHOW SOLIDARITY. Victims of hatred have been attacked and excluded simply for being who they are – their ethnic origin, skin colour, religious beliefs, nationality, cultural background, sexual orientation, political beliefs etc. Silence and indifference amplifies their isolation and fear. It is vital that victims understand they are valued and that there are people who will support and protect them. Even small acts of solidarity – a letter, a phone call, a personal visit or invitation for a dinner – will help.
KNOW YOUR ENEMY. Determine which groups or individuals are involved in incidences or hate campaigns, and research their symbols, agenda, contacts and affiliates. Be aware about your opponents and their strategy. Don’t underestimate opponents by their number – just a handful of people – armed with computer, email and a website can have an immense impact and are capable of spreading their message widely.
CREATE AN ALTERNATIVE. You need to show resistance against hatred. If you want to create a winning alternative to express anger and frustration and channel people’s desire to do something, then non-violence is the only option. Your efforts should focus on drawing both people and media attention away from hate rallies and towards an alternative.
LOBBY. You won’t be able to wipe out hate in the community if the mainstream community leaders are not willing to take a stand against hate or, worse, are the instigators of it. Their support is necessary to tackle the root cause of violence and hate and to create sustainable alternatives. Try to form good relationships with community leaders before incidents or actions happen.
SPEAK OUT AGAINST HATE. The best defense against hate is an informed and united community. Therefore it is important to expose and speak out loud against discrimination, hate crimes, exclusion and stigmatization of minorities. Take every chance to publicly denounce hatred and the groups spreading it.
LOOK LONG RANGE. Hate and violence usually don’t strike out of blue, but grow silently under the surface of divided communities until they erupt. In the same way, one victory over hate and violence won’t make it disappear. You will have to do persistent work over a longer period to create the right ground for it.
TEACH UNDERSTANDING. Intolerance, prejudices and anti-democratic attitudes are learned. This usually happens already at a young age and educational institutions play a big role – in teaching bias, but also in teaching diversity awareness. Children are curious by nature about everything that is new and different and schools are in fact the ideal environment to let kids develop diversity awareness and intercultural understanding.
LOOK DEEPER. Changes will start when you engage in change. However, first it is maybe helpful to critically evaluate your own attitude. We all possess the power to overcome our ignorance and fears, and to influence our friends, family, peers and community. Therefore it is necessary to free your mind from biased ballast and learn to value and enjoy diversity – no one is less than somebody else.
It is important to rise up, speak out and get active against hate.
Grouping together and asking for help will increase your vulnerability and personal fear.
Silence and indifference amplifies isolation and fear of the victims.
As there are networks of antifascists and anti-racists, there are neo-nazi and far-right networks.
You could express your resistance throwing stones and bottles and engaging in the street fights.
You will be able to wipe out hate if the community leaders are not willing to take a stand against a hate.
It is important to expose and speak out loud against discrimination and hate crimes.
Glossary
prejudice – предубеждение hatred – ненависть
barbed wire – колючая проволока extermination – истребление
exclusion – исключение deprive – лишать
strip – отнимать give rise to the name – дать имя
eradication – искоренение atrocities – зверства
trade union workers – профсоюзные деятели to tear apart – разрывать
sustainable – устойчивый, длительный grassroots organizations – местные организации
skills – навыки capacity – мощность
impact - воздействие victim – жертва
agenda – программа underestimate – недооценивать
a handful of people – горстка людей frustration – крушение
rally – собрание tackle – схватывать
stigmatization – позор, клеймение strike out of blue – появляться ниоткуда
aware – сознавать bias – оказывать плохое влияние
possess - обладать
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